RU2788236C1 - Electroshock bullet, interchangeable barrel and weapons for their use - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electroshock bullets.

SUBSTANCE: electroshock bullet contains a body, a source of electrical energy, a switch, a generator of electric current that strikes the target, and electrodes-devices for fixing the bullet on the target. The body of the bullet is made of an electrically insulating material with an internal cavity and has on the body ready-made protrusions of the rifling or a leading belt, on the outer generatrix of the shell of the bullet there are conductive protective electrodes-paths connected to the electrodes-devices for fixing the bullet to the target. In the body cavity along its axis there is a cylindrical power source spring-loaded by an elastic electrically conductive element. Replaceable barrel for throwing electroshock bullets contains a polymer body with rifling and an initiation device. The device for initiating low-voltage, high-voltage or shock ignition serves at the same time as a source of energy for throwing an electric shock bullet. The device is located in the high pressure chamber in the breech breech. The rifling of the bullet point begins in the places of the body with the greatest wall thickness. The weapon for using interchangeable barrels for throwing electric shock bullets contains a body, a trigger or a key, a device for initiating charges. The body has a hinged or permanent place for attaching individual interchangeable barrels with a lock of the hinged seat or barrels from moving. The charge initiator is of the low-voltage, high-voltage or impact ignition type, and the mechanical trigger mechanism or generation source.

EFFECT: ensuring the non-removability of the electric bullet by the offender until the end of its work, eliminating the false inclusion of the electric bullet as a result of random accelerations, providing the possibility of turning off the electric bullet.

19 cl, 14 dwg

Description

The field of technology to which the invention belongs.

The invention relates to a wireless remote electric shock weapon (DESHO) of non-lethal action with an electrical means of destruction, mainly to special means of restricting the actions of offenders for use in special power operations, in the areas of which civilians may be located and for self-defense of citizens.

The level of technology.

As an analogue of the bullet according to the proposed invention, an electric shock bullet (projectile with an electric means of destruction; electric bullet, bullet) TASER XREP from Taser International (Axon Enterprise Inc.) according to the patent [1] and information [2] was chosen. At present, this is the only sample of a mass-produced electroshock bullet in the world. The bullet has a body consisting of two parts connected before and during the shot, but having the possibility of separation after hitting the target. In most of the housing there is a power supply source (electric battery or accumulator) and a generator of electric current that strikes a biological target (target, biological target, biotarget, offender). Folding aerodynamic stabilizers (wings) and (or in another version pointed needles) are also installed on most of the body, with which one pole of the damaging electric current generator is connected. The second pole of the shocking electric current generator is connected to an elongated conductor and a strong leash, which are connected to pointed electrodes fixed on a smaller part of the body (bullet head). When a bullet is fired from a smooth-bore gun of the 12th hunting caliber with a weakened powder charge, the bullet flies to the target. At the same time, the aerodynamic stabilizers pressed to the body before the shot recline and aerodynamically stabilize the bullet in flight to the target. When hitting the target, the pointed electrodes of the head are stuck into the biotarget, as a result of hitting the target, the bullet is divided into two parts, while the head remains stuck in the place of impact, and most of the bullet is detached from the head and hangs on a leash along the body of the biotarget. In this case, the striking electric current of the generator of the striking electric current, which is switched on when fired, passes into the body of the biotarget along the current loop between the electrodes of the head and the conductive aerodynamic stabilizers or needles of the greater part of the body.

The patent [1] notes that: "Without the present invention, stun bullets will not be widely used in military, law enforcement and defense purposes." However, the TASER XREP bullets under the patent [1] themselves have not received any significant distribution from law enforcement services even in the United States, and even more so have not gained distribution in the world despite all attempts by Taser International (Axon Enterprise Inc.) to promote them to world market. The main disadvantage of the analogue lies in the large weight of a large-caliber bullet having a caliber of the 12th hunting (18.53-18.9 mm) which does not allow the use of a bullet at short distances due to the fact that at short distances at which, according to statistics, most use cases occur For non-lethal weapons, the muzzle energy of the bullet should not exceed 50 J, since a large muzzle energy causes "commotio cordis" at the target [3]. At the same time, for a long distance of use, for the flatness of the trajectory, the muzzle energy of the bullet is much higher than 50 J. Thus, attempts to use a bullet at short distances (which inevitably occur in police conflicts with offenders) will lead to mechanical injuries up to "commotio cordis", which incompatible with the concept of "non-lethal weapons". The hanging part of the bullet does not always pierce the offender's clothes with its needles, because the energy of the fall when the bullet is separated to pierce denser clothes than a T-shirt is not enough, and in addition, since the needles of the hanging part are not equipped with barbs (which only increase the force of inserting the needle into clothes) hanging the part in the clothes is not fixed, but hangs randomly along the body of the moving offender over the clothes only preventing the needles from contacting the body of the offender. The open circuit voltage of the shocking voltage of the electric current of the TASER XREP bullet does not exceed 500 V, which is absolutely insufficient for a spark breakdown of clothing in the form of even a T-shirt worn on a naked body. In addition, the analogue bullet has an unacceptable cost for use ($ 160 per 1 piece) due to a complex device and an expensive generator of damaging electric current. In this case, the bullet does not have a proven effectiveness of impact (immobilization) on the biotarget. There is not a single video in the media of the actual use of the TASER XREP bullet by the police with hundreds of videos of the use of wired stun guns from Axon Enterprise Inc. In the only resonant case since 2011 of the use of TASER XREP on the offender [4] "Expert: Taser no part in Raoul Moat death", the TASER XREP bullet did not have an immobilizing effect on the offender.

As a prototype of the electric bullet according to the proposed invention, a bullet with electrodes retractable from the inside of the body according to the patent [5] execution according to FIG. 8A and 8B The bullet has a body in which a source of electricity is located in the form of an electric battery, electrodes with sharp ends are located on the body or in the body, in bullet versions a converter of the direct voltage of the power supply into alternating or pulsed voltage is also used. The bullet is fired from a rifled firearm and, when it hits a biotarget, is stuck into it with sharp electrodes located on the body or pulled out of the body under the action of inertial forces. A constant or pulsed electric current from a source of electricity passes through the electrodes into the biotarget, which has a damaging (immobilizing) effect on the biotarget. The disadvantage of the prototype bullet according to FIG. 8A and 8B is that between the electrodes pos. 86 and 86', inertially introduced into the body of the biotarget of a bullet of a specific caliber of 9 mm (see below), only a very small current loop (current path) can form, which inevitably causes, respectively, only a rather weak physiological effect of the current. In the design of the prototype, the current path actually passes immediately between the electrodes embedded in the body of the biotarget after the epidermis in the dermis, and not along the path between the ends of the electrodes embedded in the body of the biotarget. Since the thickness of the epidermis is from 0.1 mm to 2 mm (on average 1 mm), then between the electrodes embedded in the body of the biotarget, the current path in the dermis penetrated by nerve endings will be 9-10 mm at most, how far will the tips of pos. 88 and 88' of the bendable electrodes no longer matter. The patent [5] indicates the "standard 9 mm cartridge" used for the claimed electroshock bullets, that is, the most common cartridge in the world 9x19 Para (9 mm NATO) caliber 9 mm., (standard 9 mm cartridge; standard firearm) weight of a standard bullet in which it is 6.0-9.5 g (average 7.75 g). A bullet according to (FIG. 8A and 8B) indicating "standard 9 mm cartridge" and drawing a standard pistol case may have a weight similar to a standard pistol bullet due to the known and significant weight of known types of power sources (batteries) included in the bullet. The muzzle energy of a bullet already at a speed of 115 m/s and a bullet weight of 7.75 g exceeds 50 J. The impact energy of a bullet equal to or greater than 50 J in the heart area of the biotarget causes "commotio cordis" [5]. At the same time, the specific energy of a 9 mm caliber bullet with a muzzle energy of 50 J is 0.781 J/mm2, which already exceeds the allowable specific energy of 0.5 J/mm2, which is accepted as the specific energy of projectiles that does not cause severe mechanical injuries. Thus, according to the criterion of the permissible specific energy of projectiles that do not cause severe mechanical injuries, the speed of a bullet weighing 7.75 g cannot exceed 90 m / s. Bullet electrode [5] (FIG. 8A and 8B) with a length of 25 mm and a diameter of 0.8 mm (the standard diameter of the electrode needles of the DEW) has a weight of only about 0.1 g. at 90 m/s will be only 0.0009 kg⋅m/s. In this case, the shock absorber pos. 94 located in the head of the bullet is flattened against the target and compressing the retractable electrodes due to friction against the shock absorber under load will further reduce the momentum of the retractable electrodes. With such an insignificant impulse, the introduction of the electrode into the biotarget, taking into account also the friction of the electrodes in the guiding oblique channels, at least for a length of 5–10 mm, seems practically impossible. Mentioned in [5] according to FIG. 8A and 8B, the supposedly achievable distance between the tips of the needles (after impact (a bullet on the target): "from one to two inches.") 9x19 Para pistol cartridge with a total length (together with a bullet) of 29.7 mm It is simply physically impossible to place electrodes that expand to a distance of 25-50 mm between them. 84 and 84', since the calculated impulse of the electrodes is not enough even for complete penetration into the biotarget, and, accordingly, it is far from enough for wedging and fixing the connectors 85 and 85' in the rings 84 and 84'. 8A and 8B, the allegedly achievable distance between the tips of the needles (after hitting (a bullet at a target): "from one to two inches" (of one to two inches ..) is generally absolutely unattainable due to the fact that in a standard pistol cartridge e (see below) total length (with bullet) 29.7 mm. it is physically impossible to place electrodes moving apart at a distance of 25-50 mm between them. Declared in the patent [5] shock absorber pos. 94 cannot work at all, since when it hits the target, its expansion with energy absorption is prevented by the body 90, and thus the shock absorber 94 shrinks in the body 90 without the possibility of expanding to the sides to increase the impact area, increases its density and compresses the electrodes pos. 86 and 86' only slows down their exit of the electrodes from the body of the bullet, further reducing the possibility of penetration into the body of the biotarget. In this case, the front sharp edge of the body 90 will inevitably inflict an annular cut or crushing injury to the biological tissues of the target's body. With an increase in the caliber of the bullet (and hence its weight), the speed of the bullet, with the obligatory condition for non-lethal weapons of the impossibility of the occurrence of "commotio cordis" or exceeding the safe specific energy of 0.5 J / mm ² , should be even less than 90 m / s, which is more more reduces the degree of possibility of inertial penetration of the electrode into the biotarget through a layer of clothing and especially dense or leather.

The disadvantage of the prototype bullet according to FIG. 8A and 8B also lies in the fact that it cannot use the FIG circuitry that is effective in terms of biological effect on the target. 9 [5] due to the fact that FIG. 8A and 8B the volume of the battery or accumulator pos. 100 together with storage capacitor pos. 104 and the arrester pos.106 should occupy no more than 1/4 of the volume of the sleeve (like battery pos. 80) due to the fact that 2/4 of the volume of the sleeve is used only to accommodate the inserted electrodes, and about 1/4 is occupied by the volume of the powder charge. With such a small ratio of the volume of a bullet with an electronic shocking part (mainly with the volume of a power source (battery) with a total volume of a standard pistol pistol cartridge 9x19 Para), it is impossible to obtain the physiological effect on the target specified in the patent [5], even under the condition of a large loop the current of which, as indicated above, is already so small (only 9-10 mm).

The total internal volume of the 9x19 Para cartridge with a bullet is about 2 cm3. The energy source (battery) of the bullet according to FIG. 8A and 8B occupies about 1/10 of the volume of the cartridge, i.e. 0.2 cm ³ (0.0002 l). With an energy density of modern lithium batteries and accumulators of about 800 Wh / l (or about 250 Wh / kg), the amount of electricity contained in a 0.0002 l battery will be 0.16 Wh. At a voltage of 15 V supplied by the power source and specified in [5] as the minimum voltage to hold the biotarget, the battery capacity will be 10 mAh. 5 A for 1-2 s, after which the output current will drop sharply and will not be of interest for the task of electrocutting a biotarget. However, a current of 0.5 A at an initial maximum battery potential of 15 V specified in the patent is generally impossible with the generally accepted biotarget resistance of 1000 Ohm [6], and can be only from 15 mA to a maximum of 25 mA, which, with an insignificant current loop and an insignificant voltage of 15 V at the load cannot have an effective physiological effect causing not only immobilization of the target, but even the initial stop of the target (which has already been proven in practice during laboratory work on fine-tuning the proposed invention to the required efficiency of the physiological effect (immobilization with the impossibility of movement) by tests on humans ). The magnitude of the damaging current of commercial stun guns of 3 mA indicated in the patent does not have convincing force at all, since such a magnitude of current has a physiological effect only with impulses at a load of 1000 ohms in the range of 1500-2000 V, which are completely unattainable at the indicated current strength (i.e. output power of a bullet as much as 4.5-6 W, which is an indicator of the output power of overall stun guns, including police ones [7], with powerful power supplies and corresponding output power.The scheme according to Fig. 5 is absolutely inapplicable in a 9 mm caliber bullet , due to the physical impossibility of obtaining, at least to some extent, an output power acceptable for hitting a target when using a step-up transformer and then a Latour-Delon-Grenacher voltage multiplier due to losses in the transformer and the multiplier itself.Electronic components (transformers with sufficient power and coefficient transformers and voltage multipliers) with dimensions for scheniya in a pool of 9 mm. the domestic industry does not produce, and electronic components of similar dimensions for aerospace produced by foreign countries today are sanctioned.

The disadvantage of the prototype bullet according to FIG. 8A and 8B also lies in the fact that when the power supply of the bullet is turned on by acceleration, it is possible to turn on the electrical circuit of the bullet when the cartridge hits with the bullet when it falls to the ground, for example, when loading, carrying cartridges in weapons or magazines, etc. The patent [5] does not show the known specific designs of electric switches acting by acceleration in the dimensions of bullets of 9 mm caliber with filling of the bullet body and other electronic components and power supply. In this case, even if the bullet electrodes are not closed by the biotarget when the switch of an undescribed design is turned on unauthorized, then in this case the discharge of the power supply is inevitable due to current leaks in the bullet capacitors that continue until the power supply is completely discharged during long-term storage.

In the patent [5], in a critique of analogues (Shimizu devices) it is noted: "The above devices are not particularly effective, which can be confirmed by the fact that none of them was very successful in the commercial market." Patent [5] owned by the company Taser International (Axon Enterprise Inc.), just like the Shimizu device, did not have any success in the commercial market (although the specified company, the world's leading electroshock weapon, had and has all the possibilities of both the technical embodiment of the patent [5] and all the possibilities of commercial introduction to the world market), which can serve as decisive evidence of the impossibility of obtaining at least any efficiency of the electroshock bullet according to the patent [5]. Even prototypes of such a bullet are not known.

As an analog or not close prototype of the electric bullet according to the proposed invention, the bullet according to the patent can also be taken [8]. The bullet has a body, a source of electricity, a switch, a DC voltage converter of the power source into an alternating or pulsed electrode in the form of needles, characterized in that inside the body there is a battery recruited mainly from thin-film microvoltaic cells, batteries or supercapacitors with individual elements made mainly in the form of a disk with a hole along the axis of the disk or a battery in the form of a plurality of cylinders with separate galvanic cells inside placed radially around the axis of the body, inside the body along the axis of the body of the body there is an axial conductive needle with an electrically insulating coating along the length of the needle and an uncoated front end and an inertial or pyrotechnic device for extending the needle behind the limits of the body of the body when throwing a bullet or after a bullet hits a target. The bullet has a predominantly inertial-rotational switch described in action. The bullet has an original mechanism for obtaining a large current loop in the target with a small bullet caliber. The bullet according to the patent has a caliber of 9 mm. and dimensions that allow it to be used instead of kinetic bullets in a standard 9x19 Para (9 mm NATO) cartridge. The main disadvantage of such a bullet is the complete impossibility of producing it in the Russian Federation, since the industry of the Russian Federation, due to technological backwardness, does not produce thin-film microvoltaic cells, batteries or supercapacitors with individual elements made mainly in the form of a disk with a hole along the axis of the disk or conventional cylindrical microbatteries but with the required dimensions. Also, the industry of the Russian Federation does not produce the necessary micro-sized SMD electronic components of the prototype. The industry of foreign countries, although it produces some of these types of power supplies, but not in the form factor or dimensions that allow it to be used in the patent pool. The production of such special elements requires expensive R&D or R&D to develop such elements and the complete replacement of the existing equipment of power supply cell manufacturers. At the same time, such special orders of high-tech power sources abroad for the Russian Federation under the conditions of international sanctions in the field of high technologies are fundamentally impossible, since they can be used in dual technology products, for example, in programmable detonation ammunition. In addition, in the Russian Federation it is technologically impossible or impractical to commercially (financially) produce other microelements of the bullet design according to the patent, which has been proven by attempts to place such orders with domestic enterprises by RTEH-NO LLC. The cost of one bullet at the pricing of domestic enterprises turns out to be absolutely unacceptable for the consumer, even with government orders, but at the same time, electric bullets are extremely in demand in law enforcement agencies, as they represent a new level of innovation that allows you to abandon the current wired technologies for electro-destruction of targets with an increase in the range of action and the achievement of multi-charge DESHO . The achieved accuracy of domestic processing equipment simply does not meet the requirements for the performance of micromechanical elements of the bullet. All electric bullets given as analogues and prototypes refer to high-tech products [9] (electronics, defense technologies and wireless technologies for transmitting electrical energy) and high-precision mechanics due to the need to miniaturize the electronics for generating shocking electric current and technologies for the execution of precise structural parts subjected to high accelerations. when fired.

As an analogue of the interchangeable barrel according to the proposed invention, a 12-caliber hunting cartridge for firing TASER XREP electric bullets is presented. The cartridge has a standard 12 gauge case with a wad primer and powder charge. The TASER XREP bullet is placed inside the case on top of the wad. The cartridge is designed for firing electric bullets from a special long-barreled shotgun Taser X12 LLS by Mossberg [10]. The disadvantages of the cartridge are that it can only be used for weapons with a chamber that can withstand the pressure of powder gases when fired and cannot be used for multiply charged hand weapons in the dimensions of classic semi-automatic pistols or revolvers due to the large dimensions. As an analogue of the interchangeable barrel according to the proposed invention, a cartridge of the company "A + A" (Russia) of 18 × 45 mm caliber [11] with a plastic sleeve and a semi-metal bottom can be presented. The cartridge is intended for shots of a traumatic (rubberized with a metal core) bullet from a barrelless short-barreled self-defense weapon such as a pistol. The sleeve has cuts on the inner surface of the cavity of the sleeve. In fact, the A+A cartridge case is simply a reinforced Engel case. The source of throwing energy is an electrocapsule with an additional powder charge. The cartridge has a complex composite device including polymer and metal parts inside and outside the sleeve. The pressure peak of the propellant gases of the projectile is perceived not by the polymer sleeve, but by the metal power shell, which is an integral part of the sleeve. It is impossible to produce a shot with a cartridge without a metal shell due to the impossibility of the polymer sleeve to withstand the peak of the pressure of propelling gases during firing without destruction. At the same time, the cartridge is used in barrelless self-defense weapons, which always have sights separate from the cartridge in the form of a front sight and a rear sight, an aiming bar or a laser pointer, which is a device with the possibility of failure when firing, which is unacceptable, and the cartridge in all cases of use is placed either in a part of a weapon simulating chamber, or in the store. The disadvantage of the cartridge is that the cartridge requires for use a weapon that has a chamber or magazine, and therefore has an increased complexity of manufacturing weapons and at the same time has an additional thickness of its own power walls of the chamber or magazine, which means an increased thickness of the weapon, which primarily determines stealth and wearing comfort. The thickness of the weapon for using the cartridge 18 × 45 mm A + A is equal to: "PB 2 Aegis" -27.2 mm; PB-4 "Wasp" -39 mm. "Cordon" -25 mm.

Other analogues, both in terms of the design of the interchangeable barrel and the design of the weapon for using such barrels according to the proposed invention, are the barrels separated from the weapon and the weapon itself, such as the "Mariette Brevete Pepperbox" revolver, "Harmonica Pistol" pistols; "Schüler Reform pistol"; "Tomma Reform Pistole"; "Jones" . The disadvantage of the interchangeable barrels "Mariette Brevete Pepperbox" is that for loading the revolver, the barrels in the screwed-in state, which are actually the drum, were unscrewed from the rotating initiating (capsule) part of the revolver placed in the frame of the weapon with a special key, there were no sights on the weapon and barrels. Loading and reloading a revolver in this way was long and baggy, and at the same time, loading was carried out not with cartridges, but, like muzzle-loading weapons, by filling gunpowder into the tables, loading bullets through the wad, twisting the barrels and putting primers on all the brand tubes of the capsule part. The disadvantage of detachable Harmonica Pistol barrels is that a single block of interchangeable (removable) barrels equipped with hairpin cartridges combined together moves horizontally, which increases the dimensions of the weapon (thickness) to the virtual impossibility of constant wear, loading and reloading of the barrel block is possible only after the full use of all The pistol "Schüler Reform pistol" had the advantage of being the thinnest of any multi-shot vest weapons before the invention of the semi-automatic pistol "Browning M1906" by D. M. Browning. barrels "Schüler Reform pistol" moving vertically lies in the fact that it is impossible to increase the caliber of weapons over .25 caliber (6.35 mm), as this increases the dimensions of the pistol both in thickness and, most importantly, when firing in height by extending the block of barrels up when shots, which increases the shoulders about the recoil to the point of impossibility of any aimed firing with cartridges for energy more than the caliber (and, accordingly, dimensions) of the .25ACP cartridge. Disadvantages of pistols with a unitary central ignition cartridge without movement when firing a horizontally or vertically detachable barrel block such as "Tomma Reformpistole", "Jones", etc. also consisted in large dimensions in width and, accordingly, large weight with an increase in caliber beyond the caliber .25ACP. The closest analogue to the proposed invention was the Tomma Reformpistole pistol and its analogues, which were produced both four-shot and three-shot. Its advantages lie in the fact that such weapons are made of small thickness (but only in .25 ACP caliber), i.e. is comfortable to wear and with a detachable block of barrels that is stationary when firing, which improves aiming and reduces the recoil shoulder. Its disadvantages are the complete absence of sights, the complex and time-consuming manufacture of a mechanical trigger mechanism (USM), which provides the ability to sequentially initiate all percussion caps of the cartridges and the inability to use cartridges of a caliber exceeding the specified one due to the growth of the dimensions of the pistol. In general, all the types of weapons indicated as in connection with the execution of steel barrels (i.e., heavy weight) actually had not interchangeable, but only detachable for loading blocks of barrels, moreover, they were equipped with unitary cartridges, and not muzzle-loading ones, and were never equipped with interchangeable or spare blocks trunks. After the appearance of the Browning M1906 pistol and its clones, all the designs described above were no longer produced. Due to the impossibility of manufacturing electric bullets with a caliber of less than 9 mm at the present time, and in fact the impossibility of manufacturing electric bullets with a caliber of 9 mm by the domestic industry, the caliber of the electric bullets used must be obviously more than 9 mm, and in this case the dimensions of all the weapon analogs considered above become unacceptable for comfortable continuous wear.

Prototypes of the proposed devices of interchangeable barrels and weapons, that is, hand-held short-barreled weapons intended for throwing electric bullets of specific and obviously workable designs, were not found by patent search and other methods of information retrieval, as well as samples of operating short-barreled weapons with electric bullets.

Disclosure of invention

The technical problem solved by the claimed group of inventions is to expand the arsenal of remote electric shock weapons, while expanding their functionality, and the possibility of production without the use of highly scarce imported components and high-precision technological equipment.

The technical result consists in the realization of the purpose of a wireless remote electric shock weapon, by creating a hand-held short-barreled weapon with interchangeable barrels with electric bullets, designed for throwing electric bullets, as well as ensuring the possibility of the electric bullet not being removed by the offender until its operation is completed, the impossibility of false switching on the electric bullet as a result of random accelerations, enabling turning off the electric bullet to prevent unnecessary suffering of the offender and the possibility of its production without the use of highly scarce imported components and high-precision technological equipment.

These technical results are achieved by the fact that the electroshock bullet contains a body, a source of electrical energy, a switch that is triggered when an electric bullet is thrown or it hits a target, a generator of electric current striking the target, electrodes-devices for fixing a bullet on a target, the bullet body is made of an electrically insulating material with an internal cavity and has ready-made protrusions of rifling or a leading belt on the body, on the outer generatrix of the shell of the bullet, conductive protective electrodes-tracks are predominantly made connected to the electrodes-devices for fixing the bullet on the target, in the rear end of the cavity of the body of the bullet there is a movable or fixed first contact of the pressure switch or centrifugal action, coming out with its part on the surface of the outer rear end of the housing, in the cavity of the housing along its axis there is a cylindrical power supply spring-loaded by an elastic electrically conductive element, which with one pole is in contact with the the first contact of the switch, and the other pole is in contact with the first contact of the power supply of the generator board of the electric current striking the target voltage located in the cavity of the head part of the housing, while the second contact of the power supply of the generator board of the generator of the electric current striking the target is connected to the second contact of the switch installed on the outer rear end surface of the housing bullets, electrodes-devices for fixing a bullet on a target with the possibility of movement or motionless contact with the output contacts of the generator of the electric current voltage that strikes the target.

An additional feature is that the body can be made collapsible and consist of a screw front and rear parts.

An additional feature is that the finished ribs of the rifling or the leading band are made integral with the body or are mounted on the body as separate parts.

An additional feature is that the current-carrying protective electrodes-tracks are straight or wrapping strips around the body or annular or annular comb shapes on the outer surface of the electric bullet made of adhesive metal foil or metallization.

An additional feature is that the power supply is made in the form of an electric battery from disk power supply elements.

An additional feature is that the generator of electric current striking the target has a shutdown timer.

An additional feature is that the second contact of the switch is a membrane made of metal adhesive foil with a separate electrically conductive track in the center or an elastic metal membrane that is unstable in the axial direction, and the outer end surface of the housing has a recess in the form of a spherical or elliptical sector.

An additional feature is that the second contact of the switch is a metal plate mounted on the end surface of the housing with at least one insulating weight removed from under it.

An additional feature is that in the internal cavity of the housing, over a cylindrical power source in a cylindrical shell made of electrically insulating material with the possibility of longitudinal expansion, a twisted cylindrical spring is installed to move the platform of elongated electrodes-devices for fixing a bullet to a target, which has locks to hold the stressed state of the spring until the bullet leaves the barrel weapons.

An additional feature is that the bullet has a device for fixing the platform displacement spring in the expanded state.

An additional feature is that in the internal cavity of the housing over a cylindrical power source in a cylindrical shell made of electrically insulating material, with the possibility of longitudinal movement, at least one load of elongated electrodes-devices for attaching a bullet to a target is installed.

An additional feature is that the elastic electrically conductive element is made in the form of a twisted cylindrical, disk or membrane spring.

A replaceable barrel for throwing electroshock bullets contains a polymer body with grooves and an initiation device, a polymer body with a bullet installed in it from the muzzle, which does not contain hardening metal elements, contains a device for initiating low-voltage, high-voltage or impact ignition, which simultaneously serves as a source of energy for throwing a bullet and is located in a chamber of high pressure in the breech breech, the rifling of the bullet point begins in the places of the body with the greatest thickness of the walls of the rifling part, the high-pressure chamber with the initiation device located in it communicates with the low-pressure chamber with the bullet located in it through a transitional part having a transition radius or a transitional cone.

An additional feature is that between the high-pressure chamber and the low-pressure chamber, a predominantly resilient or elastic wad obturator is located.

An additional feature is that between the high-pressure chamber and the low-pressure chamber, an electrode is installed, part of which goes into the barrel cavity, and at least one part goes to the outer surface of the barrel.

An additional feature is that between the high-pressure chamber and the low-pressure chamber there is at least one hole connecting the barrel cavity with the atmosphere.

An additional feature is that an aiming front sight is formed on the barrel body near the muzzle, and a barrel cutout is located on the barrel diametrically opposite to the front sight, the breech breech with a high pressure chamber has cutouts to hold the barrel in the weapon.

A weapon for using interchangeable barrels for throwing electric shock bullets containing a body, a trigger or a key, a charge initiation device, the body has a folding or permanent place for attaching individual interchangeable barrels to the weapon with a lock of the folding place or barrels from moving, the charge initiation device is of the low-voltage, high-voltage or shock ignition, and the mechanical trigger mechanism or the source of generating low-voltage or high-voltage initiation signals is located in the housing.

An additional feature is that the source of generating high-voltage initiation signals consists of a piezoelectric element interacting with the trigger or key.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig.1. Bullet with spring-displaced electrodes-devices for fixing the bullet on the target before firing (general views, section and details).

Fig.2. Bullet with spring-displaced electrodes-devices for fixing the bullet on the target after the shot (general view and section).

Fig.3. Bullet with moving weights of elongated electrodes - devices for fixing the bullet on the target before firing (general view and section).

Fig.4. Bullet with moving loads of elongated electrodes - devices for fixing the bullet on the target after the shot (cut).

Fig.5. A bullet of low-budget execution before the shot (general view and section).

Fig. 6. Low-budget bullet (cut).

Fig. 7. Bullet with a centrifugal switch before firing (general views and section).

Fig.8. Bullet with a centrifugal switch after the shot (view and section).

Fig. 9. Experimental electric bullets of 14.7 mm caliber and 11.4 mm caliber.

Fig. 10. Interchangeable barrel with a low-voltage electrocapsule (general views and section)

Fig. 11. Interchangeable barrel with a high-voltage electrocapsule (general views and section)

Fig. 12. A section of a replaceable barrel with an electric bullet.

Fig. 13. Weapons with interchangeable barrels with a low-voltage electrocapsule (2 types in a charged state, a state of loading and

Fig. 13a. Weapons with interchangeable barrels with a low-voltage electrocapsule (experimental weapon with half of the case removed).

Fig. 14. Weapons with interchangeable barrels with a high-voltage electric primer (2 types in a charged state, loading state and

Fig. 14a Weapons with interchangeable barrels with a high-voltage electric primer (experimental weapon with half of the case removed).

Implementation of the invention

Fig. 1. Types and section of the bullet before the shot. Body 1 of a bullet with protrusions of finished rifling made on the body, head 2, electrodes-devices for fixing a bullet on a target 3 (needles with barbs) fixed on a movable insulating annular platform 4, protective electrodes 5, assembly of disk power supply elements 6 (type of watch batteries), electrical insulating tube 7, centralizer 8, elastic element 9 of power supply elements, needle contact 10, membrane contact 11, electric current voltage generator board 12 (internal device not shown), electrode extension spring 13, lock balls 14. The head 2 is connected to the body by pressing, connection with a ring lock (protrusion-hollow), threaded connection or gluing.

Protective electrodes 5 can be arranged as straight or winding strips around the body or ring or ring comb shapes (crown-shaped rings with protrusions) running along the outer surface of the electric bullet and made of adhesive metal foil or metallization. The number of disk power supply elements determines the output striking voltage of the generator, which strikes the target voltage of a pulsed electric current, which in the proposed pool reaches 300 V. The elastic element 9 can be made both in the form of a coiled cylindrical spring and a disk or membrane spring. It can be installed (loaded) both on the front pole of the assembly of disk power supply elements 6, and on the rear pole, as well as between the disk power supply elements. The main purpose of the elastic element 9 is to compensate for a possible violation of the contact of the generator that strikes the target voltage with the power source during its alternating shear movements as a result of bullet acceleration during firing and bullet impact on the target. This and another additional purpose is to ensure the springiness of the contact 28 in Fig.7 (see below).

The spring 13 has bent locking parts at the ends, one rear part 15 fixes the spring from turning in the housing by installing the rear part into the recess of the rear end of the housing cavity, and the front part 16 serves to fix the spring in the position of the fully extended electrodes 3 in the hole 17 or the internal undercut of the housing . The bullet is in the cartridge or barrel before the shot when the spring 13 is compressed (with the electrodes 3 pushed into the body cavity) by the fixed platform 4 resting on the balls 14 pushed inside the body when the bullet is placed in the barrel or interchangeable barrel (description of the interchangeable barrel with a bullet of this design in Fig. . 12). In this case, the front 16 fixing part is pressed inside the first front coil of the spring. With a device without hole 17 but with an internal undercut (internal annular groove in the body cavity) of the body, the front coil of the spring has an enlarged (bent) coil compared to most of the spring, which, being pressed when the spring is cocked, falls into the undercut of the case when the spring is expanded, thereby fixing recompression spring.

Membrane contact 11 is a flat membrane made of metal adhesive foil facing the adhesive layer to the needle contact 10, but not touching it. The adhesive layer consists of a non-drying adhesive. At the same time, in one of the versions, the contact 11 has a center with a diameter of 2-3 mm with a removed adhesive layer, and in another version, an electrically conductive track 18 is applied over the adhesive layer to the center of the membrane from a metal adhesive foil with an adhesive layer to the adhesive layer of the membrane. The diameter of the contact 11 can be perforated with small holes. The connecting conductor between the second contact of the power supply of the generator board and the membrane contact 11 with the adhesive layer removed in the center is electrically connected to the membrane. The connecting conductor between the second contact of the power supply of the generator board and the membrane contact 11 with the superimposed conductive track 18 is electrically connected to the track. The connecting conductor between the second contact of the power supply of the generator board of the generator of the electric current striking the target and the second contact of the switch can be laid in the form of a track or conductor along the inner generatrix of the bullet cavity, or outside the bullet body with separating film insulation between the connecting conductor and protective electrodes.

Fig. 2. View and section of the bullet after the shot. At the moment of throwing a bullet from a barrel device (shot), the pressure of hot gases of a pyrotechnic propellant charge or cold gas of a pneumatic weapon affects the wad in front of the membrane contact 11 or directly on the membrane contact 11. With the pressure transmitted from the gases by the wad or directly the gas, the membrane contact 11 is pressed into the recess of the rear end of the bullet, pricking with its center without glue (which can serve as an insulator that worsens contact) on the needle contact 10 rigidly fixed, for example, with glue or a tight fit in the rear end of the bullet cavity. In this case, the membrane contact is glued to the surface of the recess of the rear end of the bullet, which makes it impossible to separate the membrane contact 11 from contact 10 during bullet concussions (reverse accelerations due to the elasticity of clothing and the target’s body) at the moment the bullet hits the target. Membrane perforations along its diameter make it easier for air to escape from under the membrane when it is quickly pressed into the recess of the bullet end and for better settling into the recess with gluing to it. Membrane contact 11 with superimposed electrically conductive track 18 works in a similar way, but in this design there is no need for low-tech release of the membrane center from the adhesive layer, and the membrane contact can be made not from metal foil, but from an adhesive polymer film. When contact 11 is pricked to contact 10 of the power supply of the generator of the electric current that strikes the target, the electric current closes and the generator starts to work by applying the potentials of the striking current pulses to the electrodes 3 movably in contact with the output contacts of the generator of the electric current that strikes the target of the board 12. The bullet accelerates along the rifling of the barrel channel interacting with rifling with its own ready-made rifling or, in another design, with a projectile leading belt, which can be made both integral with the body, and as a separate part mounted on the body in a similar way to the leading belts of artillery shells. When the bullet leaves the receiver, the balls 14 are released and pushed out of the body of the bullet behind the muzzle from the action of centrifugal forces and from the expulsion force of the site 4 under the action of the expanding force of the released spring 13. The spring 13, expanding, moves the platform 4 with the electrodes 3 attached to it to extend the electrodes 3 from the body of the bullet. When the platform 4 comes all the way to the board 12, the front part 16 of the spring, unbending, falls into the hole 17, fixing the spring from reverse compression when the electrodes 3 hit the target and the effort of piercing the clothes and body of the target with a corresponding decrease in the distance of penetration of the electrodes 3 into the clothes and body of the offender. In another version of the fixation, the front coil of the spring is fixed in the internal undercut of the bullet body. The bullet is fixed on the target and transmits to the target the effect of the electric current of the damaging voltage generator, as a result of which the target is immobilized. The principle of operation of the protective electrodes 5 is considered at the end of the description of all figures of the execution of the bullet.

Fig. 3. View and section of the bullet before the shot. In another embodiment, the bullet device differs from that described in FIG. 1. and fig. 2 by the fact that on the cylindrical generatrix of the body 19, the bullet does not have ball holes 14 and holes 17, springs 13, balls 14, a movable insulating annular platform 4. Instead of an expanding spring 13 in the body cavity, an inertial load 20 moves through the tube 7 with electrodes fixed in it - devices for fixing the bullet on the target 3. The load 20 consists of two parts separated by a glued insulating gasket or an adhesive layer 21. In another version, the load can move along the longitudinal guides of the body cavity to avoid bending the electrodes 3 by centrifugal forces when fired. The load may not be common, but separate for each of the electrodes 3, and in this case it is not separated by an insulating gasket 20, but move between the longitudinal ridges of the body cavity protruding into the cavity, reaching the tops to the tube 7.

Fig. 4. View and section of the bullet after the shot. The operation of the bullet membrane switch does not differ from that described in Fig.2. When the bullet hits the target and its sharp braking on the target, the load 20 with electrodes 3 moves forward under the action of inertial forces. At the same time, due to the force of inertia of the load 20, the electrodes 3 pierce the clothes and penetrate into the body of the target. At the same time, due to the much larger mass of the load 20 covering the tube 7 (in a specific embodiment, for tungsten 6.5 g, for lead 3.6 g) arising from the bullet design compared to the mass of inertial needles of bullets of the first and second prototypes, the impulse for the introduction of electrodes 3 to the target will be 0.156 kg⋅m/s. with an average speed of meeting a bullet with a target for short-barreled weapons of only 24 m / s. The magnitude of the impulse of the introduction of two electrodes of the proposed execution of the bullet is more than two electrodes of the first prototype by 86 times, which is more than enough to penetrate the electrodes into the body even through thick leather clothing. The bullet is fixed on the target and transmits to the target the effect of the electric current of the damaging voltage generator, as a result of which the target is immobilized.

In both versions of the bullet described above, reliable electrical contact between the retractable electrodes 3 and the output contacts of the generator of the electric current striking the target on the board 12, in contrast to the prototype according to the patent [5], is achieved due to the large force of the extension of the electrodes 3 or the force of the spring 13 or the load 20, which allows arrange sliding contact points with sufficient efforts of elastic pressing of electrodes 3 to the contacts of the board 12.

Fig. 5. View and section of the bullet before the shot. In a low-budget version, the bullet has a body 22, a membrane contact 23, which is an elastic membrane unstable in the axial direction, made of a slightly oxidized metal, facing the concave side to the contact 24 but not touching it. Contact 24 has the possibility of longitudinal movement in the cavity of the body of the bullet, as well as the assembly of disk power supply elements 6 loaded with an elastic element 9. In this design, the bullet has electrodes 3 constantly advanced and obliquely aligned at an angle of rifling in the barrel or barrel of the weapon. Bullets with retractable electrodes 3 will always more expensive due to the complexity of the design, and the main point of hiding electrodes 3 inside the bullet body before firing is to reduce the total length of the bullet for compact placement in a short interchangeable barrel or a special cartridge or magazine or weapon drum for throwing it and a corresponding reduction in the own dimensions of the weapon. The connecting conductor 25 between the second power supply terminal of the generator board and the membrane terminal 23 is electrically connected to the membrane by soldering or welding. The membrane may have concentric or radial cutouts on the arched part to facilitate its bending. In this design, the bullet does not have movable (retractable) electrodes; the main point of hiding them inside the bullet body before firing is to reduce the overall length of the bullet for compact placement in the barrel cartridge or magazine or weapon drum for throwing it and, accordingly, reduce the own dimensions of the weapon.

Fig. 6. Section of the bullet after the shot. At the moment of throwing a bullet from a barrel device (shot), the pressure of hot gases of a pyrotechnic propellant charge or cold gas of an air weapon affects the wad in front of the membrane contact 23 or directly on the membrane contact 23. By the pressure transmitted from the gases by the wad or directly the gas, the membrane contact 23 begins to be pressed into deepening of the rear end of the bullet and at some point losing longitudinal stability in the axial direction bends completely in the opposite direction into the deepening, remains in such a new position and with its elasticity exerts pressure on contact 24 which moves forward in the body cavity together with the assembly of disk power supply elements 6 compressing through movable centralizer 8 elastic element 9. When electrical contact is reached between the membrane contact 23 and contact 24, the generator of the electric current of the board 12 that strikes the target is switched on. In another version, contact 24 can be rigidly fixed in the housing 22 and reliable contact with it when changing the bending of the membrane contact is achieved by precise execution of parts for guaranteed electrically contact pressure of the membrane contact to contact 24 after changing the position of the bending of the membrane contact. The bullet, accelerating, moves along the rifling of the bore, interacting with the rifling with its finished rifling or, in another version, with a projectile leading belt. The bullet is fixed on the target and transmits to the target the effect of the electric current of the damaging voltage generator, as a result of which the target is immobilized.

Fig. 7. Types and section of the bullet before the shot. In the version with a centrifugal switch, the bullet has a housing 26, a fixed contact 27, which is a metal plate rigidly fixed to the housing. Contact 28 has the possibility of longitudinal movement in the cavity of the body of the bullet, as well as the assembly of disk power supply elements 6 loaded with an elastic element 9. The connecting conductor between the second contact of the power supply of the generator board and contact 27 is electrically connected to contact 27. Under contact 27, insulator weights 29 are installed, made either entirely from a non-conductive material (for example, polymers with a heavy filler) or from metal with central protrusions 30 sectors from an insulating material. Contact 28 under the action of the elastic element 9 through the centralizer 8 and the assembly of disk power supply elements 6 is pressed against the protrusions 30, which do not allow it to electrically contact with the contact 27. The device of contact 28 and weights 29 may be different in form factors but without changing the principle of operation indicated below.

Fig. 8 View and section of the bullet after the shot. At the moment of throwing a bullet from a barrel device (shot), the pressure of hot gases of a pyrotechnic propellant charge or cold gas of a pneumatic weapon affects the wad in front of contact 27 and insulator weights 29. Contact 27 is made with the calculation of preventing deformation during firing and insulator weights 29 perceive the load bullet acceleration. The bullet, accelerating, moves along the rifling of the bore, interacting with them with its finished rifling or, in another version, with a projectile leading belt. Upon the departure of the bullet from the barrel, insulator weights 29 with protrusions 30 are separated from the body 26 by centrifugal forces flying off to the sides. At the same time, the contact 28, released for movement, under the action of the elastic element 9 through the centralizer 8 and the assembly of disk power supply elements 6, is pressed against the contact 27, thereby turning on the generator of the electric current of the board 12 that strikes the target. striking voltage resulting in immobilization of the target.

In all the above-described versions of the bullet, oblique electrodes 3 can be used, shown in some figures as straight-lined for a better understanding of the operation of bullets with falling into the cuts of the described parts. When hit described in figure 1 and figure 2; fig. 3 and FIG. 4 bullets at the target, the oblique electrodes 3 on the movable insulating annular platform 4 or on the load 20 move forward with angular rotation when the electrodes 3 are extended from the bullet body. Experimental firing of the proposed bullet at different test speeds, but so that the allowable specific energy of the bullet does not exceed the allowable maximum energy of 0.5 J / mm the rifling pitch when a bullet hits a target imitating biological tissue in thick clothes does not occur, contrary to primary fears. Directly located electrodes, when a bullet hits the target, bend with twisting to one degree or another, depending on the thickness of the diameter of the wire of the needle electrodes and the initial speed of the bullet, but nevertheless reliably hold the bullet in the target without breaking off. Since after removing the bullet from the target, the needle-electrodes remain intact, as well as the finished rifling, and the cost of an electric bullet is high compared to kinetic projectiles, some of the presented bullet designs can be used as reusable and have a body consisting of front and rear parts connected by thread with a lock e.g. thermally softened locking compound. After using the bullets and removing them from the targets, the parts of the bullet are untwisted with the replacement of the expendable parts of the switches with new ones (by cocking the spring 13 or setting the weights 20 to the initial position) and replacing them with a new spent power source. After that, parts of the body are screwed together, controlled, and after checking the performance of the electric bullet, they can again be used.

It is known that when an electric current is applied to a biotarget at a low output power of the DESHO, in the first seconds of exposure, the biotarget experiences a strong excitation from pain sensations of the action of an electric current with a complete inability to meaningful actions, that is, actual immobilization. After some time (seconds) of exposure, a certain habituation of the biotarget to the impact occurs, after which the biotarget seeks to remove the source of pain (for example, when using a wired DESHO, the biotarget begins to try to pull out the probe electrodes fixed on the body). Electric bullets compared to DESHO have a very small output power, not exceeding 0.5-1.0 watts. Therefore, in order to prevent premature (before the target receives a dose of electrical exposure permissible by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation) interruption of the target of electrical exposure (pulling the bullet out of clothing and body), the described versions of the proposed bullet have protective electrodes 5 located on the surface of the bullet body. When the offender tries to pull the bullet out of the body, he grabs the bullet with his hand and at the same time closes the protective electrodes 5 with his fingers, which are movably in contact with the electrodes 3. cases of attempting to snatch a bullet, the offender receives an even more severe electric shock, a blow through the arm and body to the place where the bullet hit, since the electric current propagates through a large current loop between one of the seized protective electrodes 5 and one of the electrodes 2 that entered the body. Protective electrodes may be absent on bullet body in the event that the most budgetary version of the bullet is produced or, for example, for export to countries where the "arm-body" current loop is considered highly traumatic even with low effective output powers of electric shock weapons. To eliminate unnecessary suffering of the offender when a bullet hits body places that are generally inaccessible to the offender’s hand (for example, between the shoulder blades), all described versions of the proposed bullet can be equipped with a timer to turn off the operation of the generator of damaging electric voltage after it has worked out the norm for the maximum dose of electric exposure permitted by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation in accordance with GOST R 70017 -2022.

All described versions of the claimed bullets, except for use in the interchangeable barrels described below, can also be used to equip unitary cartridges for pistols and revolvers with rifling in barrels or drums, rifled long-barreled weapons, rifled pneumatic weapons.

Fig. 9. The figure shows experimental electric bullets of 14.7 mm caliber and 11.4 mm caliber (along grooves). 11.4 mm caliber bullets do not differ in their device from the 14.7 caliber bullets described in the figures, but they are miniaturized so much that they can already be used in the dimensions of special firearm revolvers, mainly with ready-made grooves in the drum chambers or large-caliber pneumatic revolvers, for example, based on Umarex T4E designs HDR .50.

Presented electric bullets today are close to the limits of downsizing for electric bullets with two attachment devices on the target and at the same time combat electrodes in the form of needles with barbs located concentrically on the head of the bullet, not only due to the difficulties of further miniaturization, but also due to the fact that reducing the caliber of the electric bullet it is advisable only up to a certain limit, since with a decrease in caliber, it also entails a decrease in the achievable path of the striking electric current (electric current loops) between the needles-combat electrodes. Therefore, weapons with electric bullets that are technically feasible at the present time cannot be quite miniature and at the same time multiply charged to the level of modern short-barreled weapons (15-18) charges. When designing weapons with electric bullets, the designer is forced to choose a compromise between miniaturization (i.e., ultimately, the convenience of constantly carrying such weapons) and multiple charges. Achieving effective immobilization of the target when using electric bullets of small caliber can be achieved through multiple hits in the offender for "spreading pain" and convulsive phenomena (as factors of immobilization) in many places of the body. Therefore, electric bullets should be used in the presence of multiply charged weapons with electric bullets and, as a result, the cost of each shot with the most costly part of the shot, namely the electric bullet itself, should be reduced.

Fig. 10. Body 31 of the barrel, electrocapsule 32 (electronic initiator; initiator) of low-voltage initiation (ignition), front sight 33, notches 34 fixation, rifling 35, radius 36, notch 37 of the front sight, high pressure chamber 38 low pressure chamber 39. Purpose of formation on the barrel body flies 33 and notches 37 will be discussed in the description of the weapon below. The electric caps contain a sample of an initiated pyrotechnic composition for throwing electric bullets with the necessary muzzle energy to deliver the electric bullet to the target and fix it on it with a puncture of the epidermis, but not exceeding the maximum energy of a safe kinetic impact.

Fig. 11. Body 40 of the barrel, electrocapsule 41 of high-voltage initiation, electrode 42. The electrode 42 is pressed or poured into the housing during the casting of the housing so that one part of it is located in the barrel cavity adjacent to the electrocapsule 41 closely or with a gap of 0.5-1 mm, and the other part goes to the outer surface of the housing. The figure shows an electrode passing through the housing so that its two ends come out on the surface of the housing. Such a device hydraulically balances the electrode against the possibility of knocking it out of the housing 40 by the pressure of the gases of the shot.

As can be seen from FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, the rifling 35 starts in the barrel cavity at locations opposite the corners of the quadrilateral body, that is, at the thickest-walled part of the barrel. Such a device aims to obtain the greatest thickness of the barrel wall at the point where the rifling deepens into the barrel in the part of the barrel with a still significant operating pressure after the pressure of the gases in the high pressure chamber. The size of the radius 36 depends on the strength of the used casting material of the bullet body, but it is advisable to make it of the largest possible radius that fits into the design without changing other dimensions of the barrel. The radius is necessary to reduce stresses in the stress concentrator, which is the transition point from the high pressure chamber to the low pressure chamber. Instead of a radius transition, a cone transition can also be used with the top of the cone facing the high pressure chamber and the base of the cone facing the low pressure chamber.

Fig. 12. Section of a replaceable barrel with a low-voltage electrocapsule and an electric bullet. Barrel body 31, electrocapsule 32, wad-obturator 43, bullet body 1, ball 14. The figure shows a section of the barrel with an electric bullet according to FIG. 1 with a cocked spring 13 for extending the electrodes 3. One of the balls 14 is visible resting against the wall of the barrel and preventing the movement of the platform 4 for attaching the electrodes 3. The wad-obturator 43 is made mainly of a material with some elasticity or elasticity, for example, felt, foamed polymer materials, sponge rubber , rubber, etc. Between the wad and the high pressure chamber, a wad made of cardboard or plastic can be installed, similar to the powder wad of hunting cartridges. The bullet is held inside the barrel due to friction or due to the separation of centrifugal force or the force of the oncoming air flow along the bullet exit from the barrel of the bullet wads installed between the electrodes 3. The bullet cannot move back from unauthorized acceleration to turn on the membrane switches of the structures described above, since its finished rifling rests at the ends (beginning) of the rifling of the barrel. The barrel is muzzle-loading, similar in terms of loading conditions to loading a muzzle-loading weapon with a primer on a brand tube. The barrel bodies are molded on injection molding machines from durable thermoplastics and, accordingly, have a low cost. Experimental barrels, even those made by the method of fragile 3D prototyping (FDM 3D printer, ABS material), withstand pressure when fired to throw electric bullets at a target with the necessary energies to securely fasten the bullets to the body of targets at standard effective shooting distances from short-barreled weapons of 5-10m. In another version, the interchangeable barrel may also have an initiating device in the form of a shock ignition primer of the Zhevelo or Winchester Primer 209 type. To relieve the pressure of the combustion gases of pyrotechnic compositions, which is excessive for throwing electric bullets, standard (manufactured and commercially produced) electric or percussion caps with excess energy for throwing electric bullets in the barrel wall between the high-pressure chamber and the low-pressure chamber can have one or two symmetrical gas discharge holes with a diameter sufficient for dumping when firing excess gases of combustion of the pyrocomposition of the primer emerging on the side surfaces of the barrel. The advantages of interchangeable barrels are indicated below at the end of the description of the weapon.

Fig. 13. Weapons with interchangeable barrels with a low-voltage electrocapsule. The weapon has a body 44 consisting of two halves, a folding holder 45, interchangeable barrels 31, a trigger 46, a latch button 47, a laser sight 48, fuse and laser switches 49, a rear sight 50.

The weapon works as follows. After pressing the button of the spring-loaded latch 47, the user rotates the hinged holder 45 on the axis 51 by 90 ° horizontally and loads the interchangeable barrels 31 into the holder, orienting them with the front sight upwards of the pistol so that the recesses 34 of the interchangeable barrels fall into the protrusions 52, after which the interchangeable barrel moves down holder until it stops, then the rest of the interchangeable barrels are charged in a similar way. After that, the user rotates the folding holder 45 with the trunks 31 mounted on it to the opposite position, and the tooth 53 of the holder 45 jumps over the tooth 54 of the latch 47. The gun is loaded. If it is necessary to shoot, the user, one of the switches 49, selected as the weapon fuse, turns on the power supply to the electronic circuit 55, which, with each pull of the trigger 46, supplies the low-voltage initiators 32 in series with electric current through the spring contacts 56, producing shots. The sequence of shots starting from the upper barrel or from the lower one is set by the electronic circuit, but for the convenience of quick reloading, it is advisable to start shots from the upper barrel. The second switch 49 in the case of supplying weapons to the LCC turns on the LCC. When loading interchangeable barrels, the front sight of the barrels 33 falls into the recess 37 of the next barrel, and thus, regardless of which barrel fired, the pistol can be reloaded, and at the same time, on the upper barrel, the front sight 33 will always coincide with the entire 50 providing a constant sighting device. This version of the weapon has a low cost, as it consists of only 4 simple molded parts molded on injection molding machines from thermoplastics and a simple electronic initiation part.

Fig. 14. Weapons with interchangeable barrels with a high-voltage electrocapsule. The weapon has a body 57 consisting of two halves, interchangeable barrels 40, a trigger 58, a latch latch 59, a removable laser sight 60, a removable laser sight switch 49, a rear sight 61. The weapon works as follows. After sliding back the latch latch 59, the user loads the interchangeable barrels 40 into the seat of the barrels, orienting them with the front sight upwards of the pistol so that the recesses of the interchangeable barrels (similar to the recesses 34 of the barrels with a low-voltage electrocapsule) fall into the protrusions 62, (by analogy with loading the holder 45 as described in Fig. 13), after which the interchangeable barrel moves down to the stop, and then the rest of the interchangeable barrels are charged in a similar way. After that, the user shifts the latch latch 59 to the reverse position, thus fixing the interchangeable barrels from the possibility of moving when carrying and firing. The gun is loaded. If necessary, shots, the user presses the trigger 58 which interacts with the piezoelectric element 63 (piezoelectric generator). Each time the trigger 58 is pressed, the piezoelectric generator 63 delivers electrical high-voltage pulses to the central electrode of the high-voltage initiator 41 of the barrels through the conductor 64 connected by conductor 65 to one pole of the piezoelectric generator and to the current conductor 66 connected to the other pole of the piezoelectric generator through conductor 67, and the electrical initiation pulse passes to the other the electrode of initiators 41 through the electrodes 42 adjoining the current conductor 66 when loading the barrels. The barrels are initiated sequentially but in random order and fire shots. The sequence of shots in this version of the pistol is unknown in advance. The mechanism of this method of initiation is described in the source [11]. Switch 49, if necessary, turns on a removable laser powered by battery 68, which can be detached to reduce the thickness of the weapon. When loading interchangeable barrels, the front sight of the barrels 33 falls into the recess 37 of the next barrel, and thus, regardless of which barrel fired, the pistol can be reloaded, and at the same time, on the upper barrel, the front sight 33 will always coincide with the entire 50 providing a constant sighting device. This version of the weapon has an extremely low cost, as it consists of only 4 simple molding parts molded on injection molding machines from thermoplastics, two stamped electrodes, and a piezoelectric element used for all types of gas lighters. The cost of high-voltage initiation electrocapsule is almost an order of magnitude lower than the cost of low-voltage initiation electrocapsule. With greater safety of use, an additional spring 69 can be installed in the weapon, which increases the force when the trigger 58 is pressed, since pistols without a separate fuse usually have a large trigger force. The fuse in the pistol can also be made of the usual mechanical action blocking the trigger.

The advantage of the described weapon with both a low-voltage electrocapsule and a high-voltage electrocapsule with individual interchangeable barrels in comparison with barrels combined into a single unit is that at present there are no special cartridges for short-barreled weapons with electric bullets, consumables for equipping cartridges with electric bullets by users themselves. Thus, the design of the block of the combined trunks should be equipped only in production conditions. Therefore, the use by the user, under the terms of self-defense, for example, of one or two barrels of the block and the non-use of the remaining barrels of the block, forces the user to take out a half-shot block to reload for a new use of the weapon, which the user can no longer (and actually goes for disposal) and for self-defense use only a new block of barrels with all charges, since a block half-used by shots no longer fully has the maximum multiplicity of charges and, accordingly, the possibility of a weapon for self-defense with several opponents. Barrels individually loaded into the weapon make it possible to replace the spent barrels with new ones and again have a full multi-shot weapon. Interchangeable barrels do not need devices for holding them in weapons that increase the overall thickness of the weapon beyond the thickness of the barrel itself, as in weapons analogues and prototypes. The thickness of the experimental weapons shown in the figures does not exceed 20 mm, even with an electric bullet caliber of up to 15 mm and weapons and barrel designs made entirely of polymers without metal reinforcement.

When using barrels with percussion caps, the weapon can have a mechanical percussion trigger, however, in this case, the cost of the weapon inevitably increases due to the need for additional operations for the manufacture of trigger metal parts and, accordingly, more complex processing equipment.

List of cited sources:

1. Patent US7984676 B1 2011.07.26

2. https://www.thefirearmblog.com/blog/2010/02/10/taser-xrep-up-close-and-p

3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commotio_cordis

4. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/expert-taser-no-part-in-raoul-moat-death-2358513.html

5. Patent US5698815 A 1997.12.16

6. GOST R 50940-96 Electroshock devices.

7. Ladyagin Yu.O. "Remote electric shock weapon" M .: Publishing house of the Stalingrad Foundation, 2017, pp. 69-73.

8. RF patent No. 2758476 C1 2021.10.28

9. https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%82%D0%B5 %D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8 (High tech).

10. Ladyagin Yu.O. "Remote electric shock weapon" M .: Publishing house of the Stalingrad Foundation, 2017, pp. 255-257.

11. https://www.mediasphera.ru/issues/sudebno-meditsinskaya-ekspertiza/2020/5/1003945212020051030 (Forensic medical characteristics of traumatic cartridges of caliber 18 × 45 and 18.5 × 55 mm of the OSA complex; Journal: Sudebno -Medical Expertise 2020;63(5): 30-33).

12. RF patent No. 2672644 C2, 2018.11.16.

Claims (19)

1. An electric shock bullet containing a body, a source of electrical energy, a switch that is triggered when an electric bullet is thrown or it hits a target, a generator of electric current that strikes the target, electrodes - devices for fixing the bullet on the target, characterized in that the body of the bullet is made of an electrically insulating material with internal cavity and has on the body ready-made projections of rifling or a leading belt, on the outer generatrix of the shell of the bullet there are conductive protective electrodes-tracks connected to the electrodes-devices for fixing the bullet on the target, in the rear end of the cavity of the body of the bullet there is a movable or fixed first contact of the pressure switch or centrifugal action, coming out with its part on the surface of the outer rear end of the housing, in the cavity of the housing along its axis there is a cylindrical power source spring-loaded by an elastic electrically conductive element, which with one pole contacts the first contact of the switch, and the other yusom contacts with the first contact of the power supply of the generator board of the electric current striking the target voltage located in the cavity of the head part of the body, while the second contact of the power supply of the generator board of the generator of the electric current striking the target is connected to the second contact of the switch installed on the outer rear end surface of the bullet body, the electrodes - devices for attaching a bullet to a target with the possibility of movement or motionless contact with the output contacts of the generator of the voltage of the electric current that strikes the target. 2. An electroshock bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the body can be made collapsible and consist of screw front and rear parts. 3. An electric shock bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the finished rifling projections or the leading belt are made integral with the body or are mounted on the body as separate parts. 4. An electric shock bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductive protective electrodes-tracks are straight or wrapping strips around the body or annular or annular comb shapes on the outer surface of the electric bullet, made of adhesive metal foil or metallization. 5. An electric shock bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the power supply is made in the form of an electric battery from disk power supply elements. 6. An electric shock bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the generator of the electric current voltage that strikes the target has a shutdown timer. 7. Electroshock bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the second contact of the switch is a membrane of metal adhesive foil with a center without glue or metal or polymer adhesive foil, with a separate electrically conductive track, or an elastic metal membrane, unstable in the axial direction, with In this case, the outer end surface of the housing has a recess in the form of a spherical or elliptical sector. 8. An electric shock bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the second contact of the switch is a metal plate mounted on the end surface of the housing with at least one insulating weight removed from under it. 9. An electric shock bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that in the internal cavity of the body, on top of a cylindrical power source, in a cylindrical shell made of electrically insulating material with the possibility of longitudinal expansion, a twisted cylindrical spring is installed to move the platform of elongated electrodes - devices for fixing the bullet to the target, having locks maintaining the tension of the spring until the bullet leaves the barrel of the weapon. 10. An electroshock bullet according to claim 1 or 9, characterized in that it has a device for fixing the platform displacement spring in the expanded state. 11. An electric shock bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one load of elongated electrodes-devices for fixing a bullet on a target is installed in the internal cavity of the body over a cylindrical power source in a cylindrical shell made of electrically insulating material with the possibility of longitudinal movement. 12. An electric shock bullet according to claim 1, characterized in that the elastic conductive element is made in the form of a twisted cylindrical, disk or membrane spring. 13. Replaceable barrel for throwing electric shock bullets, containing a polymer body with grooves and an initiation device, characterized in that the polymer body with an electric shock bullet installed in it from the muzzle contains a device for initiating low-voltage, high-voltage or shock ignition, which simultaneously serves as a source of energy for throwing an electric shock bullet and located in the high-pressure chamber in the breech of the barrel, the rifling of the bullet site begins in the places of the body with the greatest thickness of the walls of the rifling part, the high-pressure chamber with the initiation device located in it communicates with the low-pressure chamber with the electroshock bullet located in it through a transitional part having transition radius or transition cone. 14. Replaceable barrel according to claim 13, characterized in that an elastic or elastic wad-obturator is located between the high-pressure chamber and the low-pressure chamber. 15. Replaceable barrel according to claim 13, characterized in that an electrode is installed between the high pressure chamber and the low pressure chamber, part of which extends into the barrel cavity, and at least one part extends to the outer surface of the barrel. 16. Replaceable barrel according to claim 13, characterized in that at least one hole is made between the high pressure chamber and the low pressure chamber, connecting the barrel cavity with the atmosphere. 17. Interchangeable barrel according to claim 13, characterized in that an aiming front sight is formed on the barrel body near the muzzle, and a barrel cutout is located on the barrel diametrically opposite to the front sight, the breech breech with a high pressure chamber has cutouts to hold the barrel in the weapon. 18. A weapon for using interchangeable barrels for throwing electroshock bullets, containing a body, a trigger or a key, a charge initiation device, characterized in that the body has a folding or permanent attachment point for individual interchangeable barrels with a lock of the folding place or barrels from moving, the charge initiation device is of the type low-voltage, high-voltage or impact ignition, and a mechanical trigger mechanism or source for generating low-voltage or high-voltage initiation signals is located in the housing. 19. A weapon according to claim 18, characterized in that the source of generating high-voltage initiation signals consists of a piezoelectric element that interacts with the trigger or key.

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