RU2787373C1 - Method for producing feeds based on enzymolysate of small azov-black sea fish - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture and can be used for producing feeds for agricultural animals, birds, cats. Small Azov-Black Sea fish (Sprattus, Clupeonella, Engraulis encrasicolus) are washed, thawed if necessary, crushed on a meat grinder with a plate hole diameter not more than 5 mm and fermented at natural pH for 4 hours with the enzyme agent protosubtilin G3x in the amount of 0.5% of the mass of crushed fish at a temperature of 52±2°C. The enzymes are subsequently inactivated by boiling for 5 to 15 minutes and mixed first with plant-based starch-containing components in order to form strong granules, then with the remaining components. The feed is dried at a temperature of 45 to 60 °C until the mass fraction of moisture in the feed reaches a value of no more than 12.0 to 14.5%.

EFFECT: possibility of ensuring waste-free production, expanding the scope of application of the feed, and providing a composition satisfying to the standard requirements.

2 cl, 1 tbl, 4 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used in the production of feed intended for poultry and animals, for cats and dogs, as well as feed concentrates for pigs and cattle.

There is a method for preparing starter feeds for fish, based on obtaining a proteolytic enzymatic protein hydrolyzate without separating the unfermented protein residue, mixing the obtained hydrolyzate with vegetable components, fish oil, vitamin and mineral premix and drying the mixture (see patent for the invention "Method of preparing feed for early juvenile salmon fish”, RU 2366265 C1, A23K 1/00, 2006.01, status: not valid, patent expiration date No. 2366265 December 10, 2019).

The disadvantage of this method is the use of the king crab hepatopancreas enzyme as a proteolytic agent, which is not a product of industrial production, therefore, the production of feed by this method is problematic.

A method of preparing food for juvenile salmon fish is known (see the USSR copyright certificate for the invention "Method of preparing food for juvenile salmon fish", SU 1788880 A3, A01K 61/00,1990.01, status: not valid, date of termination of the USSR copyright certificate No. 1788880 December 26, 1997). This method is based on mixing components of animal and vegetable origin, fat and a multivitamin premix, followed by granulation of the feed mixture, while before being introduced into the feed mixture, the protein component of animal origin is subjected to hydrolysis.

The disadvantage of this method is that it is proposed to use fish or krill meal as a protein component of animal origin undergoing hydrolysis, which increases the cost of this feed, and also makes production dependent on the supply of this scarce product. Also, in the process of preparing fishmeal, easily digestible protein compounds are removed during cooking with pre-pressed broth, and prolonged high-temperature processing causes oxidation of raw lipids, reduces the biological value of feed flour, which affects the quality of the resulting feed.

A known method for producing a dry fermented feed additive for juvenile fish (see patent for the invention "Method for producing a dry fermented feed additive for juvenile fish", RU 2732919 C1, A23K 50/80, 2016.01, A23K 10/22,2016.01, A23K 20/189 , 2016.01, status: valid, the last change in the status of patent No. 2732919 dates back to September 28, 2020), which is characterized by the fact that after grinding substandard fish of various species, in particular pollock, and waste from its processing, enzymatic hydrolysis is carried out. The resulting suspension is separated by filtering into a liquid fermentolisate and a dense bone part. 25-30% wheat bran is added to the liquid part with stirring. The mixture is dried and crushed.

The disadvantage of this method is the complication of the technological process by the need to separate the fermentolisate into two fractions, using only one liquid; also, the patent does not indicate the possibility of obtaining granular feed, but only crushed, which is associated with a high moisture content of the mixture (61.5-67.0%).

A known method of obtaining hydrolysates for microbiological and/or feed purposes (see the patent for the invention "Method of obtaining enzymatic protein hydrolysates from marine aquatic organisms for microbiological and/or feed purposes", RU 2215425 C2, A23J 1/04, 2006.01, A23J 3/30 , 2006.01, A23J 3/34, 2006.01, status: not valid, date of termination of patent No. 2215425 "05" June 2012), which provides for the processing of hydrobionts and includes simultaneous grinding of raw materials and raw hepatopancreas of king crab, enzymatic hydrolysis, centrifugation and purification using polymeric coagulant in hydrochloric acid solution. Then the suspension is centrifuged and filtered. The transparent hydrolyzate is dried and the target product is obtained - a protein base for microbiological media, and the remaining sediment is dried and used as a protein base for feed mixtures.

The disadvantage of this method is the need to use a polymeric coagulant (which complicates the process), expensive king crab hepatopancreas, as well as a chemical reagent that is a precursor (hydrochloric acid). The need to use hydrochloric acid requires increased attention to the safety of employees preparing solutions, as well as the use of appropriate acid-resistant inventory, utensils and equipment, incl. specialized/laboratory (hood, safe).

The closest in technical essence to the claimed invention is a method of preparing food for sturgeon fry (see patent for the invention "Method of preparing food for sturgeon fry", RU 2159556 C1, A23K 1/10, 2000.01, status: not valid, termination date patent No. 2366265 "07" August 2002), according to which the hydrolyzate obtained on the basis of autoproteolysis of chopped fish or under the action of proteolytic enzyme preparations is mixed with wheat flour, dry skim milk, yeast, soybean meal, sunflower oil, premix, and then dried.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that the resulting food has a narrow scope, is intended only for feeding juvenile sturgeon and provides for food only in the form of grains. In addition, grinding fish on a top with a lattice diameter of 10-12 mm leads to the fact that in order to ensure the hydrolysis process, 30% of water is added to the resulting chopped fish, which further leads to an increase in energy consumption for drying the resulting feed mixture, and, consequently, to an increase in cost. The removal of bone residue, which can be an additional source of calcium, also leads to an increase in losses. In addition, the proposed enzyme preparation protosubtilin G20x does not have industrial production.

The technical result of the invention is the development of feeds based on fermentolysate of small Azov-Black Sea fishes of a wider range of applications (intended for farm birds, animals, cats, dogs), various types and sizes (grains, granules) with a reduction in the cost of feed due to use as raw materials of low-value Azov-Black Sea fish (sprat, sprat, anchovy). As an enzyme preparation, protosubtilin G3x is used, the industrial production of which has been mastered.

The technical result is achieved by the claimed method, which includes grinding fish (sprat Spratus spratus, sprat Clupeonella cultriventris, anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus) on a top with a lattice hole diameter of not more than 5 mm, which makes it possible to obtain a homogeneous mass, more accessible for splitting by enzymes. In this regard, the addition of water to the resulting mass is not required to improve the contact of the enzyme with the fish, which leads to a decrease in energy consumption during the drying of the feed. In addition, the obtained enzyme lysate is used completely, without separation of the bone residue, which allows for waste-free production. Upon receipt of the enzyme lysate, pH regulation is not required, since the protosubtilin G3x enzyme belongs to neutral proteases, which corresponds to the pH of fish raw materials. In addition, the sequential introduction of starch-containing components into the boiling fermentolysate makes it possible to form strong granules.

This method of obtaining feed allows you to expand the scope of the feed and provides the content of protein, amino acids, fat, fiber, basic vitamins and minerals that meet the requirements of feed standards for these groups of animals (protein content in complete feed for pigs is at least 12-19% , for poultry - 13.5-23.5%, for cats and dogs - 18-30%, in compound feed concentrates for pigs - 14-20%, for cattle - 11-19%, depending on age and purpose animal/bird). The source of complete protein, amino acids, as well as fat are fermentolysates of small Azov-Black Sea fish (sprat, anchovy, tyulka), and carbohydrates are vegetable components.

A method for the production of feed based on fermentolisate of small Azov-Black Sea fish is carried out as follows.

Sprat or sprat, or raw anchovy (fresh), chilled or frozen are used as fish raw materials. Frozen fish is thawed in air or in clean running or periodically replaced water with a temperature not exceeding 15°C. The ratio of the mass of fish and water should be at least 1:2. Defrosting is considered complete when the temperature in the body of the fish reaches from minus 2°C to 0°C. Raw fish (fresh), chilled and fish thawed in the air, are washed in water with a temperature not exceeding 15 ° C to remove knocked down scales, silt, sand and other contaminants.

After washing, the fish is kept for draining water for 5-10 minutes. After that, the fish is crushed on a top with a lattice hole diameter of not more than 5 mm.

To ensure better digestibility of the feed, reduce the energy consumption for its digestion and, as a result, reduce the consumption of such feed, chopped fish is subjected to fermentation. Protosubtilin G3x with a proteolytic activity of 120 U/g is used as an enzyme preparation.

Dry enzyme preparation (protosubtilin G3x) is added in the amount of 0.5% of the mass of chopped fish received for fermentolysis, thoroughly mixed. Fermentation is carried out at the natural pH of the fish raw material and the temperature of 52±2°C for 4 hours while stirring the fish mass.

To inactivate the enzymes, the fish enzyme lysate is heated to a temperature of 100°C and boiled for 5-15 minutes. This operation is combined with the addition of crushed starch-containing plant components to the enzyme lysate in order to partially gelatinize the starch.

Shredded wheat, wheat flour, wheat bran, etc. are used as starch-containing raw materials. Other feed components can be crushed peas, oats, barley, corn, soybean meal, sunflower, corn, sunflower cake, soybean meal, feed yeast, by-products and waste of flour and cereal production (turf, crushed grain, etc.), table salt , mono-, di-tricalcium phosphate, shell grits.

Feed granulation can be carried out using an industrial top with matrix attachments (with a hole diameter of 1 to 10 mm) or other specialized equipment. Breaking off the compressed mass of feed (the mass fraction of water in it should be no more than 35%) at the exit from the matrix is carried out by a mechanical knife fixed on the shaft (or in another way) and ensuring the length of the granules with a size of no more than two diameters.

For the production of granulated feed using an industrial grinder with a matrix nozzle, the recommended ratio of feed formulation components was established (see table).

Drying of the feed is carried out in dryers of various designs at a temperature of 45 to 60°C until the mass fraction of moisture in the feed reaches no more than 12.0/13.5/14.0/14.5% (depending on the type of animal): no more 12.0-14.5% in pig feed, 14.0-14.5% in cattle, 13.0-14.0% in poultry, 14% in cats and dogs. The duration of drying is determined depending on the recipe, the design of the dryer, the presence of air circulation, the thickness of the layer of feed pellets. As the granules cool, the starch forms a gel that acts as a glue, causing the particles to bind and form strong granules.

The temperature of the feed sent for packaging should not exceed 30°C.

The recommended modes of storage of prepared feed are as follows: temperature not more than 20±2°C, relative air humidity not more than 75%.

Example 1. Raw anchovy (fresh) is used as fish raw material. The fish is washed in water with a temperature not exceeding 15°C to remove scales, sand and other contaminants.

After washing, the fish is kept for draining water for 5-10 minutes. After that, the fish is crushed on a top with a lattice hole diameter of 5 mm and a dry enzyme preparation protosubtilin G3x is added in an amount of 0.5% by weight of the crushed fish, mixed thoroughly. Fermentation is carried out at the natural pH of the fish raw material and the temperature of 52±2°C for 4 hours while stirring the fish mass.

To inactivate the enzymes, the fish enzyme lysate is heated to a temperature of 100°C and boiled for 10 minutes. This operation is combined with the addition of wheat flour in an amount of 10% by weight of the enzyme lysate in order to partially gelatinize the starch (for example, 52 kg of anchovy fermentolysate and 5.2 kg of flour). Then, with stirring, the remaining components of the mixture are added (for example, wheat bran 10 kg, feed yeast 10 kg, crushed wheat 18.3 kg, feed tricalcium phosphate 4.5 kg).

Feed is granulated using an industrial top with a nozzle-matrix with a hole diameter of 3 mm. The breaking off of the granules at the exit from the matrix is carried out by a mechanical knife fixed on the shaft and providing the length of the granules with a size of no more than two diameters.

Drying of the feed is carried out in a dryer with forced air ventilation at a temperature of 55°C until the mass fraction of moisture in the feed is not more than 12.0/13.5/14.0/14.5% (depending on the type of animal for which the feed is produced). ). After the granules have cooled to a temperature not exceeding 30°C, the food is packaged and stored at a temperature not exceeding 20±2°C and relative air humidity not exceeding 75%.

The feed yield is about 60-70% by weight of the mixture (fish enzyme lysate with other components) (depending on the set of recipe components), the protein content in the finished feed is at least 11%.

Example 2. Similar to example 1, but differing in that if wheat flour is used in the feed formulation in an amount of more than 10% of the mass of the fermentolyzate, it is recommended that the ingredients be fed into the boiling fermentolyzate in two parts:

1 part - wheat flour in an amount of not more than 10% by weight of the fermentolisate to ensure uniform mixing of the mass and gelatinization of starch (stir for at least 1-2 minutes). Burning of the mass should be avoided.

2 part - the rest of the wheat flour and other components according to the recipe. Example 3. Similar to example 1, but differing in that in the production of loose feed and grains, the resulting granules are crushed and then sieved through a sieve with the required mesh size.

Example 4. Similar to example 1, but differing in that in the production of feed, a combination of fish (sprat, tyulka, anchovy) in any ratio is used as fish raw material.

Claims (2)

1. A method for the production of feed for farm birds and animals, cats, dogs, including operations for preparing raw materials, fermenting, mixing feed components, granulating, drying, cooling granules, grinding and sifting loose feed or grains, characterized in that as a source of complete protein, amino acids, fat, small Azov-Black Sea fish in the form of sprats Spratus spratus, or sprat Clupeonella cultriventris, or anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus are used, which are ground on a top with a lattice hole diameter of not more than 5 mm and fermented for 4 hours at the natural pH of the fish raw materials with the enzyme preparation protosubtilin G3x in the amount of 0.5% of the mass of minced fish at a temperature of 52 ± 2 ° C, while to inactivate the enzymes, the fish enzyme lysate is heated to a temperature of 100 ° C, boiled for 5-15 minutes and mixed in stages first with vegetable starch-containing components until partial gelatinization is achieved starch and to ensure the process of forming strong granules, and then with the rest of the components, according to the recipe for feed for farm animals and birds, as well as cats and dogs. 2. A method for the production of feed according to claim 1, characterized in that in the production of loose feed and grains, the resulting granules are crushed and then sieved.