RU2786249C1 - Automatic machine for double-sided drilling - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, in particular to devices for drilling products from soft non-metallic materials, semi-precious stones, amber. The automatic machine for double-sided drilling contains a frame, a spindle assembly, a manipulator with a spring for clamping the workpiece, a gate block, a feeder, a main motion drive motor, a pusher for opening the workpiece in the manipulator. The automatic machine for double-sided drilling is equipped with an electronic control unit, a second spindle unit, which is located coaxially with the first spindle unit and is provided with an independent adjustable feed drive. Spindle units are installed with the possibility of approaching/removing. The manipulator is made of two vertically oriented parts.

EFFECT: invention provides an increase in productivity and expansion of technological capabilities.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, in particular, to devices for drilling products from soft, non-metallic materials, semi-precious stones, amber.

Known automatic machine for double-sided drilling of products from soft non-metallic materials, semi-precious stones (see patent RU 2246401, IPC B28D 5/02, publ. 20.02.2005, Bull. No. 5), which contains a housing, two spindle blocks with drills, a mechanism for clamping a product with a drive, a cam of the machine feed mechanism, a feeder, a tray for receiving finished products. Two spindle blocks with drills and the clamping mechanism of the product are made in the form of one kinematic chain. The chain is located along the drilling axis with the possibility of interaction with the cam of the machine feed mechanism. Spindle blocks are mounted in bushings, spring-loaded relative to the body. The product clamping mechanism is made in the form of a guide and clamping sleeves opposite to it, spring-loaded relative to the body. The feeder is made tubular with a cutter and a cutout for feeding and removing the product under its own weight. It is located between the guide and clamping sleeves and is attached to the latter. The first spindle block is made with a stop, and the second - with a rod to ensure a guaranteed gap between the drills.

In the specified machine, all auxiliary movements and feed movements of the machine are connected by one kinematic chain located along the drilling axis and driven by one cam, while the sequence of auxiliary movements and feed movements is provided by different intensity of spring compression.

The disadvantages of this machine include the inability to process parts of different sizes. The machine is designed in such a way that only one standard size of the part can be processed on it. It is not possible to reconfigure or adjust the machine to a different part size. The calculation and manufacture of the feeder, bushings in which the workpiece is based, springs in this machine is also made for a specific standard size of the part.

Also a big disadvantage is the very complicated procedure for replacing drills, because. To do this, it is necessary to make a partial disassembly of the machine.

Closest to the claimed technical solution is an automatic drilling machine (see patent RU 2236329, IPC B23V 41/00, B28D 5/02 publ. machine tool, a gearbox, a camshaft with cams, a manipulator designed to clamp the workpiece, on which a gate block for feeding workpieces and a feeder are mounted, the main drive motor is mounted in the spindle assembly, on the shaft of which the tool is fixed. The machine is equipped with a spring for clamping the workpiece, and the unclamping mechanism is made in the form of a pusher that exerts pressure on the spring when it is periodically lowered due to movement along the cam. The machine implements a double-sided drilling scheme with one spindle head.

The disadvantages of this machine include a long processing cycle, tk. double-sided drilling is carried out by one spindle head, and this greatly increases the time for idle runs of the spindle assembly and requires additional time to turn the manipulator, with the part clamped in the jaws, for the second drilling and reverse rotation of the manipulator to its original position. In this case, the rotation of the manipulator requires an increased distance between the jaws of the manipulator and the gate, which leads to an increased travel time of the gate.

Also, the disadvantages include the inability to adjust the processing cycle for drilling parts of different sizes and materials, for example, it is impossible to increase or decrease the tool feed or speed up or slow down the time spent on changing the workpiece, etc. In this machine, you can reduce the speed of rotation of the camshaft, but this will lead to a proportional slowdown of all the main and auxiliary movements of the machine. It is impossible to regulate the speed of individual movements, i.e. the machine processes workpieces of various sizes and materials using the same work cycle and at the same cutting conditions. This disadvantage also leads to a decrease in machine productivity due to the fact that small parts are processed using the same cycle as large parts. Those. working stroke, tool approach-retraction distance, etc. for a part with a diameter of 4 mm will be the same as for a part with a diameter of 10 mm, although it is obvious that for a part with a diameter of 4 mm they should be much smaller and, therefore, the machining cycle should also be smaller.

Another disadvantage of the machine is the limited space between the drill and manipulator jaws, which makes it difficult to change tools.

The present invention solves the problem of increasing productivity and expanding the technological capabilities of the automatic machine, by providing the ability to adjust the cycle parameters and cutting conditions when drilling various materials, providing convenient tool change, reducing tool and gate idle moves, as well as reducing the number of auxiliary movements in each cycle workpiece processing.

To solve this problem, an automatic machine for double-sided drilling is proposed, containing a frame, a spindle assembly, a manipulator that uses a spring to clamp the workpiece, a gate block, a feeder, a main drive motor, a pusher to open the workpiece in the manipulator, it is proposed to equip it with an electronic control unit for the operation of mechanisms machine tool and cutting data parameters. It is proposed to equip the automatic machine with a second spindle unit, which is located coaxially with the first spindle unit and provided with an independent adjustable feed drive, and the spindle units can be installed with the possibility of approaching / removing, the manipulator is made of two vertically oriented parts, one of which is movable so that in workpiece holding position, the movable part was pressed against the fixed part by a spring. To open the workpiece, it is proposed to equip the manipulator with an electrovalve connected to the pusher; in addition, it is proposed to equip the slide block with an electrovalve to move the gate when the workpiece is fed into the manipulator.

In the proposed automatic machine, it is proposed to use two coaxially located spindle units, which are driven by independent adjustable feed drives, while these spindle units can be moved apart to a distance exceeding the length of the tool. The vertically located manipulator has fixed and movable parts, and the manipulator is compressed due to the spring, and the opening is due to the operation of the electrovalve, while the working position of the workpiece is from below. The movement of the gate is carried out due to the operation of the electrovalve. The sequence of operation of the machine mechanisms and the parameters of cutting modes are set and controlled using an electronic control unit.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by graphic materials, which shows:

fig. 1 - kinematic diagram of the proposed automatic machine for double-sided drilling;

fig. 2 - scheme of loading the workpiece with a gate into the manipulator.

The following designations are used on graphic materials:

1 - bed; 2 - pusher; 3 - spindle assembly; 4 - main drive motor; 5 - manipulator; 6 - slide gate block; 7 - gate; 8 - feeder; 9 - spring; 10 - blank; 11 - drill; 12 - solenoid valve of the manipulator; 13 solenoid valve of the slide block; 14 - tray for finished parts; 15 - control unit: 16 - adjustable feed drive.

On the bed 1 there are two coaxially set spindle units 3 with motors 4 of the drives of the main movement, in which the drills 11, the manipulator 5, the slide block 6, the feeder 8, the tray 14 for finished parts and the control unit 15 are fixed.

Spindle nodes 3 have independent adjustable feed drives 16. The manipulator 5 is made with the possibility of parallel movement of the movable part relative to the fixed part, and the movable part is pressed against the fixed part under the action of the spring 9. On the manipulator 5 there is an electrovalve 12 of the manipulator, which, providing the movement of the pusher 2, can open and close the manipulator 5, because the impact force of the solenoid valve 12 of the manipulator on the pusher 2 exceeds the force of the spring 9.

Under the manipulator 5 there is a tray 14 for finished products. The gate block 6 is made with the possibility of longitudinal movement of the gate 7 during the operation of the electrovalve 13 of the gate block in such a way that in the initial position of the gate 7, it is in the position under the feeder 8, and in the final position in the position of the workpiece basing inside the manipulator 5.

Motors 4 of the drive of the main movement, adjustable drives 16 of feeds, electrovalve 12 of the manipulator and electrovalve 13 of the slide block are connected to the control unit 15, which interacts with them and sets the operation cycle of the entire device. Device operation parameters: cutting modes and work cycle parameters can be changed electronically on the control unit 15, so you can set the optimal parameters depending on the material being processed and the size of the part, which increases the productivity of the machine.

Independent adjustable feed drives 16 are made with the ability to separate the spindle units 3 in opposite directions from the manipulator 5 at a distance exceeding the length of the drills 11 used, which provides a convenient tool change.

The device works as follows.

The motors 4 of the drive of the main movement are turned on, the workpieces 10 are poured into the feeder 8, the control unit 15 is turned on, then the processing cycle is carried out automatically.

The solenoid valve 12 of the manipulator presses on the pusher 2, which rests against the movable part of the manipulator 5, while the manipulator 5 opens. The electrovalve 13 of the gate block by means of the gate 7, which at the initial moment of time is in the loading position under the feeder 8, pushes the workpiece 10 into the manipulator 5, after which the electrovalve 12 of the manipulator removes the pusher 2, while under the action of the spring 9 the manipulator 5 closes and compresses the workpiece 10 After that, the solenoid valve 13 of the gate block will return the empty gate 7 to the initial loading position under the feeder 8. In this case, when the gate moves towards the manipulator 5, it closes the feeder 8 and the blanks 10 are blocked in the feeder 8, then, when the empty gate 7 returns under feeder 8 workpiece 10, which is in the lower position in the feeder 8, falls under the action of gravity into the gate 7 and all other workpieces 10, which are in the feeder 8, fall down.

Then, the workpiece 10 is drilled from both sides with a cycle delay due to the coaxial feed of the spindle assemblies 2, after which the solenoid valve 12 of the manipulator presses on the pusher 2, while the manipulator 5 opens, and the workpiece 10 drilled from both sides falls down under the action of gravity. tray 14 for finished parts, while freeing up the working position inside the manipulator 5 and the whole cycle is repeated.

The kinematic independence of the movements of the machine allows, if necessary, to change the cutting conditions and the parameters of the processing cycle, depending on the size and material of the workpiece.

Thus, compared with the closest analogue, the proposed automatic machine tool allows you to increase productivity by 30% and expand technological capabilities by providing the ability to adjust the cycle parameters and cutting conditions when drilling various materials, providing convenient tool change, reducing tool and gate idle moves, and also reducing the number of auxiliary movements in each cycle of processing the workpiece.

Claims (1)

An automatic machine for double-sided drilling, containing a frame, a spindle assembly, a manipulator using a spring to clamp the workpiece, a gate block, a feeder, a main motion drive motor, a pusher for opening the workpiece in the manipulator, characterized in that it is equipped with an electronic control unit for the operation of the machine mechanisms and parameters of cutting modes, is equipped with a second spindle assembly, which is located coaxially with the first spindle assembly and is provided with an independent adjustable feed drive, moreover, the spindle assemblies are installed with the possibility of approaching/removing, the manipulator is made of two vertically oriented parts, one of which is movable and in the holding position the workpiece is pressed against the fixed part by a spring, and to open the workpiece, the manipulator is equipped with an electrovalve connected to the pusher, in addition, the slide block is equipped with an electrovalve to move the gate when the workpiece is fed into the manipulator.

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