RU2781664C1 - Cone dryer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: forestry machinery.

SUBSTANCE: technical solution relates to forestry machinery, in particular to devices for drying cones of coniferous trees in order to extract seeds from them. The cone dryer includes a heat-insulated chamber in the form of a cabinet with doors, an electric heat carrier heater with automatic temperature control, a device for supplying the heat carrier to the drying zone, a heat carrier distributor and a container for cones. The device for supplying heat carrier to the drying zone is made in the form of a centrifugal fan. The coolant distributor is made in the form of a horizontally installed perforated pipe. The container for cones is made in the form of a mesh drum, equipped with removable shutters and installed in a heat-insulated chamber with the possibility of rotation around the perforated pipe and changing the rotation speed. The heat-insulated chamber is mounted on racks. Doors are installed both in the upper and lower parts of the heat-insulated chamber. In the upper part of the sides of the heat-insulated chamber, outlet pipes are installed.

EFFECT: energy intensity of the drying process is reduced, the quality of drying of cones is increased with a simpler design of the cone dryer.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The technical solution relates to forestry equipment, in particular, to devices for drying cones of coniferous trees in order to extract seeds from them.

Known cone dryer [RF Patent No. 163962, publ. 08/20/2016], which includes a heat-insulated chamber in the form of a cabinet with doors, a multi-tiered rack with shelves for drying boxes, an electric water heater with automatic temperature control, a device for supplying coolant to the drying zone, a coolant distributor and an exhaust fan. The device for supplying the heat carrier to the drying zone is made in the form of a circulation pump. The heat carrier distributor is made in the form of horizontal tubular heat exchangers, which are used as shelves for drying boxes. All shelves are connected in series with each other by a water heater and a circulation pump, forming a single closed loop to ensure water circulation.

However, such a cone dryer has a number of disadvantages, which include: significant heat loss, design complexity and poor quality of cone drying.

The technical result achieved by using the invention is to reduce energy costs for drying, improve the quality of drying cones and simplify the design.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for supplying the coolant to the drying zone is made in the form of a centrifugal fan. The coolant distributor is made in the form of a horizontally installed perforated pipe. The container for cones is made in the form of a mesh drum, which is equipped with removable flaps. The mesh drum is installed in a heat-insulated chamber with the possibility of rotation around the perforated pipe and changing the rotation speed. In the upper part of the sides of the heat-insulated chamber, outlet pipes are installed. The heat-insulated chamber is mounted on racks. Doors are installed both in the upper and lower parts of the heat-insulated chamber.

In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the cone dryer, Fig. 2 - the same, section along A - A.

The cone dryer consists of a heat-insulated chamber 1, which is made in the form of a cabinet mounted on racks 2 with doors 3 and 4 installed respectively in the upper and lower parts of the heat-insulated chamber 1, an electric heater 5 of the heat carrier with automatic temperature control, a device for supplying the heat carrier to the drying zone, made in the form of a centrifugal fan 6, a heat carrier distributor made in the form of a horizontally installed perforated pipe 7 and a tank for cones, which is made in the form of a mesh drum 8, equipped with removable shutters 9 and installed in a heat-insulated chamber 1 with the possibility of rotation around the perforated pipe 7 and change rotation speed. The centrifugal fan 6 is connected to the perforated pipe 7 by an air duct 10, in which an electric heater 5 of the coolant is installed. In the upper part of the sides of the heat-insulated chamber 1, outlet pipes 11 are installed. The mesh drum 8 rotates around the perforated pipe 7 from the drive 12. Changing the speed of the mesh drum 8 can be achieved, for example, by using an asynchronous electric motor in the drive 12 together with a frequency converter of the supply current.

Shishkosushilka works as follows. Doors 3 are opened, installed in the upper part of the heat-insulated chamber 1. Removable flaps 9 are opened and mesh drum 8 is filled with cones. Then removable flaps 9 are closed and doors 3 are also closed. pipes 7. The centrifugal fan 6 and the electric heater 5 are turned on. The heated coolant (air) enters the perforated pipe 7 through the air duct 10, and then passes through the perforation, and then through the layer of cones located in the mesh drum 8, heating them and removing them from them moisture. Humid air is removed from the heat-insulated chamber 1 through the outlet pipes 11 installed in the upper part of the sides of the heat-insulated chamber 1. After the drying process is completed, the electric heater 5 and the centrifugal fan 6 are turned off, the drive 12 is stopped and the doors 3 are opened. Then the doors 4 are opened, installed in the lower part of the heat-insulated chamber 1. The removable flaps 9 are opened, and the mesh drum 8 is rotated 180 degrees so that the opening in the mesh drum 8, formed after the opening of the removable flaps 9, is directed downwards. Under the action of gravity, the dried cones fall down, freeing the mesh drum 8. After that, the drying process is repeated.

When using cones of other coniferous trees, the temperature of the coolant is changed by means of an automatic control device by controlling the power of the electric heater 5, and the speed of rotation of the mesh drum 8 is also changed, which ensures the required drying quality.

The installation of a mesh drum 8 in a heat-insulated chamber 1, both with the possibility of rotation around the perforated pipe 7, and with the possibility of changing the frequency of its rotation, makes it possible to easily change the drying modes at different initial humidity of batches of treated cones, as well as, if necessary, to dry the cones of other conifers with required quality and low energy consumption.

The implementation of the device for supplying the coolant to the drying zone in the form of a centrifugal fan allows you to provide sufficient air pressure to pass through the layer of cones. The implementation of the coolant distributor in the form of a horizontally installed perforated pipe ensures a uniform supply of the coolant to the material to be dried in all radial directions of the mesh drum. Execution of the container for cones in the form of a mesh drum installed in a heat-insulated chamber with the possibility of rotation around the perforated pipe increases the uniformity of blowing the cones with the coolant both due to the rotation of the mesh drum and by changing the position of the cones during its rotation.

The supply of the mesh drum with removable shutters, installation both in the upper and lower parts of the thermally insulated door chamber, as well as the installation of the thermally insulated chamber on racks, all this makes it possible, with a simple design, to ensure easy loading and unloading of cones, and also simplifies access to the elements of the cone dryer during its operation. maintenance.

The installation of outlet pipes in the upper part of the sides of the heat-insulated chamber ensures high-quality removal of the spent coolant. Thus, the proposed cone dryer reduces the energy consumption of the drying process, improves the quality of drying cones with a simpler design.

Claims (1)

Cone dryer, including a heat-insulated chamber in the form of a cabinet with doors, an electric heater of the coolant with automatic temperature control, a device for supplying the coolant to the drying zone, a distributor of the coolant and a container for cones, characterized in that the device for supplying the coolant to the drying zone is made in the form of a centrifugal fan , the coolant distributor is made in the form of a horizontally installed perforated pipe, the container for cones is made in the form of a mesh drum equipped with removable shutters, which is installed in a heat-insulated chamber both with the possibility of rotation around the perforated pipe, and with the possibility of changing the rotation speed, in the upper part of the sides outlets are installed in the heat-insulated chamber, the heat-insulated chamber is mounted on racks, and the doors are installed both in the upper and in the lower parts of the heat-insulated chamber.

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