RU2781317C1 - Cantilever-rotary main and method for use thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cleaning.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to apparatus for washing the internal surfaces of railway tank cars, tank containers, hopper-type cars, and road tank vehicles from the residues of previously transported cargo. Cantilever-rotary main includes a hinged pipeline system, wherein a process cover is installed at one end, and the system constitutes a pipeline with a process arm, wherein the latter is balanced with a balancing apparatus. The process cover comprises at least one air nozzle and is installed jointly with a reflector and a washing machine. The process arm performs any movement and is secured in any position by means of a pneumatic drive, while the supply of a detergent solution and/or a gaseous substance for degassing, drying, and cooling, and the removal of vapours from the container are provided by means of the connected process cover.

EFFECT: ensured fast cleaning with a simultaneous reduction in the labour intensity.

8 cl, 2 dwg

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The claimed technical solution is intended for washing the internal surfaces of railway tank cars, tank containers, hopper cars, tank trucks from the remnants of previously transported cargo, including fats, organic and mineral oils and petroleum products, as well as for drying, degassing and cooling them after sinks.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

It is known that when high-temperature washing liquid is poured, air escapes along with vapors of oil residues and, in the absence of additional gas removal, intensive vaporization and evaporation occur, which leads to the possibility of vapors escaping into the atmosphere and, as a result, affects the environmental friendliness and reliability of operation during flushing. various containers.

A filling device is known (RU2689084C1 dated 09/26/2018, IPC class B60S 5/02). The filling device is made in the form of a mobile transformer frame, which is a welded metal structure made of three main parts, including boxes for arranging removable parts, as well as lodgements with locks, for laying the hinged pipeline and the filling nozzle in the transport position. The central part of the mobile frame is fixed, and the other two parts can be tilted 90° after removing the latches. Plates are made on the sides of the central part of the fixed frame, in the holes of which the supporting pipe part of the loading device of the articulated pipeline rotates, balanced by a counterweight, which is a welded structure of rigid pipes, bends, flanges connected by hinges. On the one hand, the hinged pipeline ends with a filling tip, and on the other hand, with a larger-section support pipeline installed in the holes of the fixed frame, the support rack, which is a pipeline made of a flexible metal hose, where the latter is a flexible corrugated sealed pipeline, placed in a braid with a built-in end fittings for welding, which is connected by a permanent connection to the hinged pipeline of the filling nozzle, which is an all-metal pipe with a product flow divider located at the end to change the flow direction. The filling tip is permanently attached to the flexible metal hose of the stop valves, which is a welded ball valve installed between the flexible metal hose and the hinged pipeline.

The disadvantage is the limited use only for loading oil products. At the same time, in the case of using for washing tanks, the flexible corrugated sealed pipeline declared in the design is not suitable, since, as practice shows, the corrugated pipeline is unreliable, especially when working with a washing solution supplied under high pressure, which is necessary for effective processing. As practice has shown, frequent deformations and inevitable external influences on the flexible pipeline during the installation of the device on the neck and dismantling from it lead to its frequent failures, both in the termination and in the main part, as a result of which the design is unreliable in use under these conditions operation.

Known bulk riser (RU38748U1 dated 18.02.2004, class B67D 5/00), which includes a vertical rack, articulated movable links, one of which has a counterweight, characterized in that to increase the service area is equipped with a "swivel", which represents the knee equipped with two mutually perpendicular hinges. One of the hinges is installed on the main link of the riser, and the second - on the additional link connected to the filling tip. An air valve is installed at the top of the riser. The riser is equipped with an inductive level limit sensor and a position sensor. The bulk riser consists of the following main details: a bulk tip; filling level limit sensor; riser position sensor; hinges; arrows; air valve; root hinge; counterweight; vertical hinge; sleeves for removal of vapors; arches.

The disadvantage is the limited use only for loading oil products. At the same time, in the case of using tanks for washing, there is no venting of gases.

A well-known robotic complex for loading oil products into auto and railway tanks (electronic deposit, Internet source: http://www.nmexp.com/prod1_1_1.htm), which provides mechanization of work to bring the installation into working position from the parking position and vice versa, including automatic pressing of the sealing plate to the neck and drive of the telescope into disassembled state for subsurface pouring of the product. It is also possible to organize an automated top loading when supplying a transport train with open fillers for loading. The complex is equipped with explosion-proof cameras, while all units of the installation are connected by a network of non-contact sensors, information from which is monitored online by the controller, which, in turn, is programmed to control drives and control interlocks. The complex contains a loading console with a vapor removal cone, an overflow sensor on the cone, electrical heating and thermal insulation, a hydraulic drive for all ensuring the movement of the loading device in all planes, a hydraulic station, a remote control with a joystick for manual control, a camera, and a PLC to control the movement of the loading device. , operator's workstation, PC (located in the operator's room).

The disadvantage is the limited use only for loading oil products. At the same time, in the case of using tanks for washing, there is no gas removal, only a vapor removal cone is used, which is not enough, and vaporization is possible. In addition, the filling console with a vapor discharge cone does not provide the possibility of sealing, which leads to the formation of splashes when washing the tank, and contamination of the outside of the tank is possible, which is unacceptable.

Known device for washing tanks UNZh-100-K-GN-M (electronic deposit, Internet source: https://www.td-yugneftemash.ru/ustroistvadlymoikicistern). The device is made in the form of a specialized console for washing automobile and railway tanks, and also provides the ability to install washing machines of any type. The device contains a frame, a cantilever pipe, a filling tip, a load, a PVA outlet line.

The disadvantage is the absence of a device to reflect splashes, since the cantilever pipe and the load do not provide reliable sealing to reflect splashes when washing the tank, and contamination of the outside of the tank is possible, which is unacceptable.

A technological cover is known for complex treatment of the inner surface of tanks from hydrocarbon contamination (RU2661833C1 dated 06/02/2017, IPC class B65D 90/10). The technological cover for complex treatment of the inner surface of the tank from hydrocarbon pollution contains a cover body with a flange in which holes are made for installing an upper drain device, a washing detachable lowering, made in the form of a pipe-in-pipe structure, equipped with devices for supplying a washing solution to washing machines installed on a hinged hydromechanical nozzle of the inner pipe, and air supply to the annular space, a device for relieving excess pressure in the tank, made in the form of a vertical labyrinth, with the possibility of placing in it a means for opening the bottom valve of the bottom discharge device of the tank, a suspension device for transporting the lid, elastic sealing the lid with the neck of the tank boiler, and it is equipped with an additional descent for supplying steam to the bottom of the tank, made in the form of a pipe, and its upper end is equipped with a steam supply device, and the lower end is made in the form of a triple nick, located below the washing machines of the washing descent.

Known is another universal technological cover and the method of using it when washing the inner surface of the tank (RU2397029C1 dated 27.07.2009, IPC class B08B 9/08). The lid contains a lid body with a flange, in which there is a hole for installing an upper drain device, a descent made in the form of a pipe-in-pipe structure, equipped with devices for supplying a washing solution to the washing machine and air into the annular space, a device for relieving excess pressure in the tank, made in the form of a vertical labyrinth with the possibility of placing in it a means for opening the lower valve of the tank boiler, a suspension device for transporting the cover, an elastic seal between the cover flange and the neck of the tank boiler. The lid is equipped with an additional supply of washing solution with nozzles installed on it for washing the bottom parts of the tank boiler, the inner drain pipe for supplying washing solution is detachable and at its lower end there is a hydromechanical articulated nozzle for attaching at least two rotating washing machines , and to supply the washing solution to each of the washing machines, the cover is equipped with a drive that changes their location, which is connected to a hydromechanical nozzle. In the cleaning method, a technological universal cover according to the invention is used.

The disadvantage of the above technical solutions, namely technological covers, is labor-intensive use, since it requires an additional lifting-lowering device - a hoist. The latter must be mounted on a monorail above the workplace, which creates restrictions on its use, for example, in rooms with ceilings below the required height, and in open spaces it is necessary to additionally build high structures for the installation of a monorail.

A device for loading oil products into a transport tank (RU 2532151C1 dated 09/12/2013, IPC class B67D 7/04). The device contains a filling pipe pivotally connected to a pipeline system balanced by a counterweight, and a flexible steam outlet. The filling pipe is equipped with a sealing cap installed coaxially to it, adapted to interact with the neck of the tank. The flexible steam outlet is connected by an inlet to the inner space of the steam outlet jacket covering the lower end of the filling pipe. The counterweight installed at the end of the link of the pipeline system, pivotally connected to the filling pipe, consists of two parts, one of which is fixed at the end of the link, and the second part of the counterweight is installed with the possibility of reciprocating movement along the axis of the link from the garage position, in which it located near the fixed part, in the position of readiness for loading, in which the movable part is displaced in the direction towards the balancing axis of the pipeline system by an amount sufficient to create a moment of force that ensures tight pressing of the lid to the tank mouth. The specified device is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage is the limited use only for loading oil products. At the same time, in the case of using tanks for washing, there is no separation of the incoming and outgoing air flows, which will reduce labor intensity and affect the processing time of the tank, since without air separation, the incoming flow collides with the outgoing air flow.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to develop a cantilever-turning line for washing the tank, which ensures its cleaning in a short time with a simultaneous reduction in labor intensity, with better cleaning, including the neck, while avoiding splashes and getting the latter on the outer part of the tank.

DISCLOSURE OF THE ESSENCE OF THE TECHNICAL SOLUTION

The technical solution to the above problem is a cantilever-turning line, which includes a pivotally connected pipeline system, where a technological cover is installed at one of the ends, and the system itself is a pipeline with a technological arm, where the latter is balanced by a balancing device, where the technological cover contains at least one air nozzle, while the cover itself is installed together with a reflector and a washing machine. The specified technical solution provides hermetic treatment of the internal surfaces of the containers with water jets or a washing device, as well as degassing, drying and cooling.

A variant of the technical solution is possible, where the balancing device is at least one counterweight or spring mechanism. The specified technical solution provides variability in the use of various balancing devices.

A variant of the technical solution is possible, where the number of hinges connecting the piping system is from two to seven. The specified technical solution provides the variability of using the lid when connected to any container in space, regardless of the type and/or design of the container.

A variant of the technical solution is possible, where the air nozzle supplies the gaseous substance with a given direction. The specified technical solution provides degassing, drying and cooling, and also ensures the separation of air flows, incoming and outgoing. In addition, the introduction into the design of the nozzle provides for the replacement of one gaseous substance with another, for example, inert gas or air with high productivity, due to the separation of air flows.

A variant of the technical solution is possible, where the shape of the reflector is determined by the geometrical locus of the points of intersection of the reflector plane with the vectors of the jets of the washing machine directed into the neck of the container. The specified technical solution provides hermetic treatment due to the absence of pouring out of the liquid supplied through the washing machine.

A variant of the technical solution is possible, where the technological cover has at least one hydraulic nozzle through which water/washing solution is supplied to clean the neck of the container. The specified technical solution ensures the pouring of the supplied liquid into the external environment due to the given direction of the jets.

The technical solution to the above problem is the development of a method that includes a pivotally connected pipeline system, where a technological cover is installed at one of the ends, and the system itself is a pipeline with a technological shoulder, where the latter is balanced by a balancing device, where any movement of the technological shoulder and fixing it in any position are carried out by a pneumatic drive, while the supply of a washing solution and / or a gaseous substance for degassing, drying and cooling, as well as the removal of vapors from the tank is carried out due to the connected technological cover. The specified technical solution ensures the tightness of the connection of the technological cover and the neck of the container, and also ensures the safety of the work of personnel during work at height by reducing the complexity of the installation / dismantling of the technological cover in the neck.

A variant of a technical solution is possible, where a control panel is installed on the pipeline system, made using manual pneumatic control elements, excluding the use of electrical equipment in the control system. The specified technical solution provides explosion protection and fire safety of the devices used.

SUMMARY OF DRAWINGS

In FIG. 1 shows the cantilever-turning line itself, designed for washing the inner surface of the container.

In FIG. 2 shows the cantilever-turning line for washing the tank in operation:

Pos. 1 - line for sealed washing of railway tanks;

Pos. 2 - pipeline, made of pipes, mainly of steel material;

Pos. 3 - hydraulic hinges, made of stainless steel and / or light alloy materials;

Pos. 4 - balancing device, made of stainless steel and / or light alloy materials and / or carbon steel and / or composite materials and represents at least one counterweight or spring mechanism;

Pos. 5 - pneumatic drive, made in the form of a pneumatic cylinder;

Pos. 6 - control panel, made with mechanical control;

Pos. 7 – technological cover, made of stainless steel and/or light-alloy materials and/or carbon steel and/or composite materials;

Pos. 7.1 - outlet / inlet pipes of the technological cover (7);

Pos. 7.2 - nozzles located on the technological cover (7.1) are made of stainless steel and / or light alloy materials and / or carbon steel and / or composite materials;

Pos. 8 - washing machine, on which nozzles are located, the rotation of which is carried out due to the energy of the supplied water or washing solution;

Pos. 9 – reflector, made mainly in the form of a disk, the shape and size of which is determined by the geometric location of the points of intersection of the reflector plane with the vectors of the jets of the washing machine (8) directed into the neck (12) of the container (11);

Pos. 10 - technological shoulder, made of stainless steel and / or light alloy materials and / or carbon steel;

Pos. 11 - container, made in the form of a tank;

Pos. 12 - the neck of the container 11.

All components are made from materials approved for use in this environment.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TECHNICAL SOLUTION

In the technical solution, the terms used mean the following concepts:

"tank" - is a reservoir made in the form of a railway tank car, tank car, tank truck, tank container and the like,

"washing solution" - it can be water or an aqueous solution of a detergent used to clean (wash and wash) solids from contamination,

"prepared air" is air with certain parameters, such as flow, pressure, temperature, and so on,

"drain" - removal of wash water from the tank.

The claimed technical solution is implemented in Fig. 1-2, where the cantilever-turning line (1) consists of a pipeline (2), a technological arm (10) connected by means of hydraulic hinges (3). The number of hinges is determined by the necessary degree of freedom of movement of the technological cover (7), for example, five hinges are used to clean the container - a railway tank. Technological shoulder (10) is a rotary part of the cantilever-turning line (1) with a suspended cover (7), balanced by a balancing device (4).

The balancing device (4) is made in the form of a spring mechanism or a counterweight with the required mass, which balances the mass of the technological arm (10) together with the technological cover (7) relative to the pivot point of the cantilever-turning line (1).

A pneumatic drive (5) is attached to the technological shoulder (10), which ensures fixation in any position, including in the absence of air supply, preventing involuntary lowering of the technological cover (7) and rotation and / or rotation of the shoulder (10), on which the cover ( 7) suspended.

Pneumatic drive (5) makes it possible to control the speed of lowering the technological cover (7) into the neck (12) of the container (11), since when lowering, mutual friction may occur, as a result of which there is a risk of sparks. The above provides an explosion protection standard. In addition, pressing the technological cover (7) to the neck (12) of the container (11) with the help of a pneumatic drive (5) ensures the tightness of the cantilever-turning line (1).

Also on the technological arm (10) there is a control panel (6) made with the use of manual pneumatic control elements that exclude the use of electrical equipment in the control system, which makes it possible to exclude the use of electrical devices in an explosive zone.

A technological cover (7) is connected to the technological shoulder (10), which provides the supply of a washing solution or the supply of prepared air for degassing, drying and cooling, as well as the removal of vapors from the tank (11).

On the technological cover (7) there are outlet/inlet pipes (7.1) that provide the supply of prepared air and the removal of vapors from the tank (11) and nozzle (7.2), which form the flow of the supplied air.

A washing machine (8) is attached to the technological cover (7), which provides washing of the entire inner surface of the container (11) by supplying a washing solution with directed jets, while the direction of the jets changes due to the rotation of the nozzles of the washing machine (8), where the rotation itself is performed due to the energy of the supplied cleaning solution.

Above the washing machine (8) there is a reflector (9) designed to cut off the jets directed into the neck (12) of the container (11).

The cantilever-turning line was implemented as part of a transportable complex of equipment for the internal processing of railway tanks in Yekaterinburg.

This solution made it possible to reduce the labor intensity of work and improve the quality of cleaning, including the outer side of the tank, through the use of a pneumatic cylinder. Additionally, environmental safety has improved due to the controlled release of vapors in the work area.

The claimed technical solution provides for washing the boilers of railway tanks from under various oil products.

Claims (8)

1. A cantilever-turning line, which includes a pivotally connected pipeline system, where a technological cover is installed at one of the ends, and the system itself is a pipeline with a technological shoulder, where the latter is balanced by a balancing device, characterized in that the technological cover contains at least one air nozzle, while the cover itself is installed together with a reflector and a washing machine, while the technological arm contains a pneumatic drive, and the piping system contains a control panel. 2. The main line according to claim 1, characterized in that the balancing device is at least one counterweight or spring mechanism. 3. The main according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of hinges connecting the pipeline system is from two to seven. 4. The line according to claim 1, characterized in that the air nozzle supplies a gaseous substance with a given direction. 5. The main line according to claim 1, characterized in that the shape of the reflector is determined by the geometric location of the points of intersection of the reflector plane with the vectors of the jets of the washing machine directed into the neck of the container. 6. The line according to claim 1, characterized in that the technological cover has at least one hydraulic nozzle through which water / washing solution is supplied to clean the neck of the container. 7. A method of using a cantilever-turning line, which includes a pivotally connected pipeline system, where a technological cover is installed at one of the ends, and the system itself is a pipeline with a technological shoulder, where the latter is balanced by a balancing device, characterized in that any movement of the technological shoulder and fixing it in any position is carried out by means of a pneumatic drive, while the supply of a washing solution and/or a gaseous substance for degassing, drying and cooling, as well as the removal of vapors from the tank are carried out by means of a connected technological cover. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that a remote control is installed on the pipeline system, made using manual pneumatic control elements, excluding the use of electrical equipment in the control system.

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