RU2780296C1 - Multifunctional soil channel with a combined mobile trolley for testing small-sized agricultural machines - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to equipment for testing small-sized agricultural machines, implements and their working bodies in conditions of various degrees of moisture and porosity of the channel soil. The soil channel is a rectangular brick container filled with loosened and compacted soil. Rails are laid along the upper plane of the concrete walls of the channel, along which the working trolley moves under the action of the traction force of an electric winch. The trolley is connected in the front and back of the channel by a flexible cable. With the help of vertical guides and two screw mechanisms, a movable frame with an automated system for moving the fastener is mounted on the trolley, which makes it possible to change the depth of the studied working bodies. Working bodies are attached to the movable frame by means of transverse and longitudinal beams having holes and slots. A working body for loosening the soil in the channel is installed on the frame of the trolley in order to create the necessary porosity of the soil. The trolley has a proposed system of controlled irrigation, which is necessary when conducting research with a given soil moisture.

EFFECT: increase in the productivity and accuracy of measurements of the tests of small-sized agricultural machines at different humidity and porosity of the soil.

4 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for testing agricultural machines, tools and their working bodies under conditions of various degrees of moisture and soil porosity. It can be used to measure traction resistance, determine the profile of the furrows formed and other indicators for given soil characteristics.

Known stand for testing the working bodies of agricultural machines. This stand has a channel filled with soil, along the edges of which guides are installed for moving the trolley. The trolley has a mechanism for moving the working body in a vertical plane relative to the channel, as well as a braking mechanism in the form of sliding platforms that are connected to the base of the channel by levers (SU No. 1130757 A, M. class 3. G 01 M 15/00, publ. 12/23/1984 ). The disadvantages of the described stand is the lack of a controlled irrigation system and the lack of a prototype for loosening the channel soil.

Known installation for testing the working body in the soil channel on various slopes. The device has a trolley, the movement of which occurs on rail tracks. An intermediate frame with a hinged system is installed on the trolley, to which the working body is attached (USSR H-393635, class G 01 H 15/00, publ 1971). The disadvantage of the known installation is the impossibility of preparing soil of different moisture content in the channel due to the lack of a controlled irrigation system. And there is also no prototype for loosening the soil and automated movement of the fastener, which reduces the time for testing.

The closest in technical essence to our invention is a soil channel for testing the working bodies of agricultural machines. The channel consists of a frame and a support chute, which is hinged at 5 points and has hydraulic cylinders for turning at different angles relative to the horizon. On top of the channel there are rails along which the trolley with the working body fixed on it moves. The trolley drive is located on the channel itself, and thrust rollers are installed on it to prevent tipping (SU No. 307301, M. class G 01 M 19/00, publ. 06/21/1971).

The disadvantage of the described channel is the absence of a controlled irrigation system, which makes it possible to prepare soil of different moisture content. As well as the lack of a prototype for loosening the soil of the channel and automated movement of the fastener, which will reduce the time for its preparation for further testing.

The technical result obtained by using the invention is to increase the productivity and measurement accuracy of the ongoing tests of small-sized agricultural machines at different soil moisture and porosity. The existing technical problem is solved by installing on a combined trolley (mounted on a soil channel) a working body for loosening the soil in the channel, the proposed system of controlled irrigation and a system for automated movement of the fastener of the mobile test complex.

The soil channel is a rectangular brick structure 15 meters long and 1.5 meters wide, filled with soil (figure 1, 2). Along the side walls of the channel at a height of 250 mm, rail tracks are installed along which the combined trolley moves.

Scheme of the laboratory installation, shown in figure 1, which consists of: 1 - combined trolley, 2 - roller, 3 - rail tracks, 4 - drum, 5 - dynamometer, 6 - channel foundation, 7 - frame of the fastener automated movement system, 8 - cable, 9 - electric motor, 10 - controlled irrigation system, 11 - prototype for loosening the soil of the channel.

The soil channel consists of (figure 1) a combined trolley 1, which moves on rollers 2 along rail tracks 3, fixed on the foundation of the soil channel 6. On the frame of the automated movement of the fastener 7, the combined trolley 1, an adjustable irrigation system 10 is installed and a working body along loosening the soil 11. The trolley drive is carried out by a flexible cable 8 from the drum 4 and the electric motor 9 through the dynamometer 5. The movement of the trolley 1 in the opposite direction is carried out by reversing the electric motor 9 also using a flexible cable 8.

The principle of the channel is as follows. The investigated working body is rigidly fixed on a mobile cart. By moving the studied working body along the channel, deepened to the required value using the system of automated movement of the fastener (the range of deepening of the studied working body varies from 0 to 500 mm), when the dynamometer is connected, the traction resistance of the studied working body is measured in dynamics. The profile of the formed furrow, measured by a profiler, is also examined after each pass of the investigated working body. In order to achieve measurement accuracy, it is necessary to maintain the soil physically the same, due to the multiple passes of the investigated working body. To ensure physically and mechanically the same soil between cool periods, it is necessary to carry out leveling (every 5-7 passes), loosening (before starting work and every 30-35 passes) and moistening (at the beginning of work and depending on the weathering of moisture from the canal soil).

The working body for loosening the soil in the channel (figure 3) is designed to give the necessary soil porosity, this device will increase the productivity and accuracy of measurements with a dynamometer and reduce labor costs (digging with a shovel). Representing four lancet paws 200 mm wide, located at a distance of 50 mm from each other. The change in porosity is controlled by the depth of the lancet paws and the speed of their movement in the soil channel. This device can also level the soil (every 5-7 passes).

The principle of operation of the working body for loosening the soil in the channel is as follows. The lancet paws, fixed by a frame to a mobile cart, which can be lowered and raised independently of each other, are buried to the required depth in those sections of the channel in which it is necessary to form the leveling or loosening of the soil, move along the channel at a given speed, thereby forming a physical mechanical characteristics of the soil in the channel, creating the necessary conditions for testing.

The controlled irrigation system (figure 4) is designed for metered soil moistening in the channel, which will ensure a smooth and uniform distribution of moisture along the entire length of the channel. This system will increase the productivity and accuracy of measurements with a dynamometer and reduce labor costs (watering with a watering can). Representing six nozzles at a distance of 200 mm, mounted on a frame with water and air under pressure supplied to it. The change in the amount of saturation with moisture is controlled by the speed of movement of the working body and by adjusting the pressure supply in the system.

Scheme of the controlled irrigation system (figure 5), which consists of: 1 - connecting screw; 2 - adapter sleeve; 3 - material pipeline; 4 - outer pipe; 5 - inner pipe; 6 - spring; 7 - end washer; 8 - air duct; 9 - drive rod; 10 - centering rod.

The principle of operation is as follows. The liquid enters the cavity (figure 5) located between the inner 5 and outer 4 tubes, and the air enters the cavity of the inner tube 5. The inner 5 and outer 4 tubes are installed coaxially and have equally spaced holes along the entire length on the bottom side. The diameters d of the holes of the inner tube 5 are smaller than the diameters D of the holes of the outer tube 4 and are proportional to them.

When leaving the cavity, the compressed air begins to contact with the liquid, as a result of the interaction, a gas-dispersed medium is formed, which is sprayed into the channel evenly and efficiently along the capture width. The quality of a spray of a gas-dispersed medium is ensured by creating a vacuum in the zone of interaction of compressed air with a liquid. The uniform distribution of water over the width of the system atomizer is achieved due to the hydrostatic pressure created by the rotation of the spring 6, located in the cavity between the inner 5 and outer 4 tubes and through the intermediate sleeve 2, the drive rod 9, rigidly connected to the sprocket.

The rotation of the spring 6 also creates conditions to prevent clogging of the outlets of the outer tube 8 with foreign inclusions contained in the liquid.

The system for automated movement of the fastener of the mobile test complex is shown in figure 6, consisting of 1 - electric motor; 2 - hinged support; 3 - bearing beam; 4 - supports; 5 - rail; 6 - hinge; 7 - fastener; 8 - gear rack; 9 - gear; 10 - couplings.

This device is designed to move the fastener 7, with the tested working body installed on it, in the vertical direction (figure 7).

The device works as follows. The electric motor 1 through the clutch 10 and the gear wheel 9 transmits torque to the rack 8, which is mounted on the fastener 7. Hinges 6 mounted on the hinge support 2, designed to stop the fastener and prevent tilting when moving when applying pressure to the electric motors. The hinged support is mounted on the carrier beam 3, which is rigidly fixed on the mobile test complex, moving directly along the rails 5 installed on the supports 4.

To transmit the torque from the electric motor to the fastening element, a rack and pinion transmission was chosen, which is characterized by a simple design, due to which it is reliable in operation.

The proposed multifunctional soil channel will make it possible to conduct research on small-sized working bodies in the agricultural sector. Installed on a mobile cart, the working body of loosening the soil of the channel, the system for automated movement of the fastener and the system of controlled irrigation will increase the productivity and measurement accuracy of the tests and create the necessary physical and mechanical properties of the soil for an accurate and systematic study of the working bodies in the channel.

Claims (4)

1. A multifunctional soil channel, consisting of a brick rectangular structure filled with soil, on the rails of which a mobile combined trolley is placed, its movement is carried out by a winch and a flexible cable, characterized in that a working body for loosening the soil in the channel is installed on the trolley frame, consisting of four lancet paws, a system for controlled watering of the soil in a channel, which is moistened under liquid pressure through six nozzles, a system for automated movement of the fastener, by means of which the studied working body moves in the vertical direction, changing the amount of penetration into the soil, and the systems and the working body are independent of each other friend and can work both separately and together. 2. Multifunctional soil channel according to claim 1, characterized in that the lancet paws are independent of each other, which makes it possible to loosen or level the soil in the channel in the required area. 3. Multifunctional soil channel according to claim 1, characterized in that the uniform distribution of liquid in the controlled irrigation system is carried out by hydrostatic pressure created by the rotation of the spring. 4. Multifunctional soil channel according to claim 1, characterized in that the drive device of the automated system for moving the fastener of the trolley is made in the form of a rack and pinion.

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