RU2780117C1 - Air handling unit for ventilation of at least one room - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ventilation and air conditioning.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a ventilation and air conditioning unit. The invention can be used to create a climate in residential, administrative and public, as well as industrial premises, in which the existing regulatory framework allows the use of partial or complete air recirculation. The plant contains a recuperator; an external inlet pipe used to let in outside atmospheric air, which has passed through the heat exchanger, into the inner pipe of the pressure air duct and containing in its cavity a valve device and at least one filter; an internal branch pipe of the pressure air duct, which serves to let air into the room and contains at least one electric fan; an internal outlet of the exhaust duct, configured to eject air from the room and containing at least one electric fan and one filter; an external outlet pipe configured to release air from the room that has passed through the heat exchanger into the atmosphere and containing a valve device in its cavity; control controller that sets the operating mode of the installation. For centralized control and synchronization of the operation of valve devices, they are connected directly or through a gearbox to an actuator driven by a control controller. The pressure air duct contains at least one heating and at least one cooling device. An air parameters control unit is installed in the outer inlet pipe and the inner pipe of the exhaust air duct, which is connected to the control controller.

EFFECT: significant increase in the efficiency of ventilation of the room, the energy efficiency of the ventilation installation, the possibility of multi-stage filtration and purification of indoor air.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention can be used to create a climate in residential, administrative and public, as well as industrial premises, in which the existing regulatory framework allows the use of partial or complete air recirculation.

A ventilation and air conditioning system is known, including supply and exhaust ducts for supplying fresh air and exhaust air, a central station connected by means of these ducts to the service object and to the atmosphere, and containing at least one filter chamber located along the supply air. outdoor air, chambers for supply and exhaust fans, a heat exchange chamber with a plate recuperative heat exchanger, a means for supplying and transferring additional thermal or cooling energy to the supply air, sensors for controlling the temperature of the supply and exhaust air and shut-off and control means, and a control system made with the ability to control the direction of travel, flow rate and temperature of supply outdoor and exhaust air (patent RU No. 65620). The central station of said ventilation system additionally contains noise-absorbing chambers, collector chambers, one of which is equipped with an actuated multi-leaf air damper for controlling the exhaust air flow, as well as means for measuring the flow rate of the supply outside and exhaust air. The means for supplying and transferring additional heat or cooling energy to the fresh air is located in the heat exchange chamber and is made in the form of a multi-circuit heat exchanger, which includes a heat-transfer fluid circuit, a heat-carrier circuit with antifreeze, and a heat-carrier circuit with a refrigerant connected in series in terms of heat exchange. The disadvantages of this system include its large dimensions, weight, complexity and high cost, making it inapplicable to residential and commercial facilities with areas up to 500 square meters.

From patent RU No. 98544, a ventilation unit is known that contains a housing mounted on a support frame, and a fan with a drive motor, an air damper, an air filter are placed in the housing on the frame, while the housing is made in the form of a frame-panel structure made of a metal profile, to which walls made of heat and sound insulating material are fixed, characterized in that the walls are made of two-layer outer and inner panels filled with dissimilar materials, one of the panels is filled with sound insulating material, and the other with heat insulating material. In this installation, there is no device that provides heat exchange between the inlet and outlet air flows. This leads to increased energy consumption for heating and/or cooling the air entering the ventilated room. Prototype

Patent RU No. 2678811 describes a supply and exhaust unit for ventilation of at least one room, containing a chamber with a regenerative heat exchanger, an external inlet pipe made with the possibility of inlet of atmospheric outside air through the regenerative heat exchanger into the inner branch pipe of the pressure air duct and containing a valve device in its cavity , an inner branch pipe of the pressure air duct, made with the possibility of inlet of outside atmospheric air into at least one room and containing a valve device in its cavity, an internal branch pipe of the exhaust air duct, an external outlet pipe, at least one electric fan. In this air handling unit, the outer outlet pipe is connected to the inner pipe of the pressure air duct, the outer inlet pipe is connected to the inner pipe of the exhaust air duct, and the mentioned chamber with the regenerative heat exchanger forms an intermediate air duct that connects the inner pipe of the pressure air duct and the outer outlet pipe to the inner pipe of the exhaust air duct. air duct and external inlet. Additionally, the air handling unit contains at least one relay and/or a controller that ensures the operation of the unit in three phases: "Supply", "Release", "Recirculation". At the same time, the controller receives signals or commands from the time interval setter, as well as one or more pressure, temperature, humidity, pollution level and ambient air composition sensors that the specified installation can be equipped with.

The specified installation is the closest set of essential features to the claimed invention and is selected as a prototype. The disadvantages of the prototype include:

- The use of a unidirectional heat exchanger, which leads to increased energy consumption, low energy efficiency, the impossibility of working in one set mode for even a short time, the possible accumulation of condensate in the heat exchanger with a significant difference in the temperatures of the outdoor and indoor air.

- The impossibility, during the operation of the unit, of smooth automatic adjustment of the volumes of recirculation and air thrown into the ventilated room from the environment. The unit operates in one of three phases, either the supply phase, or the exhaust phase, or the recirculation phase. This leads to an increased emission of heated air from the ventilated room into the atmosphere and significantly reduces the overall thermal efficiency of the installation.

The current technical problem is the lack of efficiency and high energy consumption of existing room ventilation systems. The present invention is aimed at solving this problem, namely, at creating an air handling unit for ventilation of at least one room with increased efficiency and low energy consumption.

The technical result consists in a significant increase in the efficiency of ventilation of the room, the energy efficiency of the ventilation installation, the possibility of multi-stage filtration and purification of indoor air.

To achieve the claimed technical result, a supply and exhaust unit for ventilation and air conditioning in at least one room is proposed, containing:

- recuperator

- an external inlet pipe, which serves to let in outside atmospheric air, which has passed through the heat exchanger, into the inner pipe of the pressure air duct and contains a valve device and at least one filter in its cavity,

- an internal branch pipe of the pressurized air duct, which serves to let air into the room and contains at least one electric fan,

- an internal outlet of the exhaust duct, made with the possibility of ejection of air from the room and containing at least one electric fan and one filter,

- an external outlet pipe, made with the possibility of ejection into the atmosphere of air from the room that has passed the heat exchanger into the atmosphere and containing a valve device in its cavity,

- control controller that sets the mode of operation of the installation.

As a heat exchanger in the proposed air handling unit, it is proposed to use counterflow plate, or rotary, or membrane, or enthalpy. Additionally, between the pressure air duct and the exhaust air duct, it is proposed to install an air duct of the recirculation system, containing a valve device in its cavity. Iris or diaphragm valves are used as valve devices in the proposed air handling unit. For centralized control and synchronization of the operation of valve devices, they are connected directly or through a gearbox to the actuator for adjusting the valve devices, which is driven by the control controller. As a drive for adjusting valve devices, for example, a belt or gear drive can be used. The pressure air duct contains at least one heating and at least one cooling device for heating or cooling the passing air flow, respectively. At least one heating and at least one cooling device are connected in series and controlled automatically by the control controller. An air parameters control unit is installed in the outer inlet pipe and the inner pipe of the exhaust air duct, which is connected to the control controller. The air parameters control unit contains an air temperature sensor. In addition to the air temperature sensor, the air control unit can contain any combination of sensors for air humidity, carbon dioxide, pm2.5 particles and volatile organic compounds. The control controller sets the operating modes of all electrical elements of the installation, including all valve devices, which are controlled synchronously. The valve arrangements of the external inlet and outlet pipes are in the same phase, while the valve arrangement of the recirculation air duct is in antiphase with respect to the valve devices of the external inlet and outlet pipes. The degree of opening/closing of the valve device of the external inlet pipe and the valve device of the external outlet pipe depends on the readings of the temperature and air humidity sensors and is determined by the set air parameters in the ventilated room.

In FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an air handling unit for ventilation and air conditioning in accordance with the present invention. The numbers indicate:

1 - recuperator

2 - external inlet pipe

3 - external outlet

4 - air parameters control unit

5 - valve device of the external outlet pipe

6 - valve device of the external inlet pipe

7 - valve device of the air duct of the recirculation system

8 - air duct of the recirculation system

9 - heating device

10 - electric fan of the internal branch pipe of the exhaust duct

11 - electric fan of the internal branch pipe of the pressure air duct

12 - internal branch pipe of the pressure air duct

13 - internal branch pipe of the exhaust duct

14 - filter of the external inlet pipe

15 - filter of the inner pipe of the exhaust duct

16 - cooling device

17 - control controller

18 - actuator for adjusting valve devices

Polluted air, with the help of an electric fan 10 of the inner pipe of the exhaust duct, is drawn from the serviced premises into the inner pipe of the exhaust duct 13, passes through the filtration system, which consists of at least one filter 15 of the inner pipe of the exhaust duct. Further, the filtered air, depending on the operating mode of the installation, enters either the heat exchanger 1, or completely or partially into the air duct 8 of the recirculation system. The air that enters the heat exchanger 1 heats it to transfer thermal energy to the air flow entering the unit from the external environment. As a heat exchanger 1, a counterflow plate, rotary, membrane, enthalpy or other type of heat exchanger is used. After the transfer of heat energy to the heat exchanger, the air is released into the external environment through the external outlet pipe 3, while passing through the valve device 5 of the external outlet pipe. The air passing through the air duct 8 of the recirculation system and the valve device 7 of the air duct of the recirculation system enters the internal branch pipe of the pressure air duct and passes through the heating device 9 and the cooling device 16. An electric, water, glycol or other heater can be used as a heating device. Further, the air is supplied to the ventilated room with the help of an electric fan 11 of the inner pipe of the pressure duct. In the installation, inside the closed ring, two balanced electric fans 10 and 11 are used, which allow, depending on the settings of the installation and the required air balance in the rooms, to make the installation either fully balanced, i.e. set them to the same speed for productivity, for consumption, or make the installation unbalanced depending on the calculations of specific rooms.

During the operation of the unit, simultaneously with the release of air into the external environment, fresh air is taken in from the external environment. The admixture air enters the inlet of the external inlet pipe 2, passes through the valve device 6 of the external inlet pipe and is fed to the filter 14 of the external inlet pipe to purify the admixture air and remove dust and other impurities from it. Next, the mixing air enters the heat exchanger 1, where it is heated. The heated mixed air enters the inner pipe 12 of the pressure duct, where it mixes with the air flow from the duct 8 of the recirculation system and is supplied to the ventilated room, as described above.

A distinctive feature of the proposed installation is its balance in the process. The valve arrangements 5, 6 and 7, respectively, of the external outlet, the external inlet and the recirculation duct are controlled synchronously. The valve devices 5 and 6, respectively, of the external outlet, the external inlet are in the same phase, in the same position. The valve device 7 of the air duct of the recirculation system is in antiphase. When the valve devices 5 and 6, respectively, of the external outlet and the external inlet are fully open, the valve device 7 of the recirculation air duct is fully closed. And vice versa. When the valve devices 5 and 6, respectively, of the external outlet and the external inlet are fully closed, the valve device 7 of the recirculation air duct is fully open. For synchronous adjustment, the valve arrangements 5, 6 and 7, respectively, of the external outlet pipe, the external inlet pipe and the air duct of the recirculation system are interconnected. The connection of valve devices can be implemented in any way, using a mechanical transmission, belt, gear, etc. As one of the possible options in the present description, the connection of the valve devices is given using the drive for adjusting the valve devices 18. The installation allows you to dose the percentage of air supplied to the installation with an accuracy of 1% by turning the interconnected valve devices. At the same time, there is only one electric drive in the installation, which rotates all valve devices, thereby dosing the required amount of air per mixture. Control of the adjustment drive of the valve devices 18 is performed using the control controller 17, which receives data from the air parameters control units 4 located in the outer inlet pipe and the inner pipe of the exhaust duct. Based on the data obtained during the operation of the installation, the control controller 17, using the drive for adjusting the valve devices 18, regulates the degree of opening / closing of the valve devices 5, 6 and 7, respectively, of the external outlet pipe, the external inlet pipe and the air duct of the recirculation system.

Coarse filters G3, G4, fine filters F5, F7, as well as hepa filters H10, H12 of any configuration can be used as filters 14 and 15 of the external inlet pipe and the inner pipe of the exhaust air duct.

Valves of any design can be used as valve devices 5, 6 and 7. At the same time, the greatest efficiency of the installation is achieved when using iris or diaphragm valves, because. such valves have a linear characteristic of the dependence of air flow on the degree of opening. Adjustment of the iris valve through the drive for adjusting the valve devices 18 in the model under consideration allows very accurately, with an accuracy of 1%, to organize the admixture of fresh air in accordance with the regulatory requirements in the regulatory documentation for the ventilated room in which the claimed unit is installed.

The use of a supply and exhaust unit for ventilation and air conditioning in the room, implemented in accordance with the claimed invention, allows you to comply with all regulatory documents for air exchange, both for the room and for people. Greater air exchange is organized through the use of an air duct of the recirculation system. Using the control controller 1, the unit automatically or manually allows mixing from 0 to 100% of air along the recirculation circuit, thereby allowing you to create the necessary environment in the ventilated room. This achieves a very high thermal efficiency, because. a minimum of heated air from the room is emitted into the atmosphere. Most of the unit's operating time is recirculation with exhaust air purification from dust, dirt and microorganisms, pollen.

An additional distinctive feature of the unit is the ability to recover not only heat, but also cold, i.e. at a time when the outdoor air temperature exceeds, and also significantly exceeds the air temperature in the premises, the heat exchanger 1 allows you to mix air into the room, which will be cooled from the ejected air, thereby the installation allows you to reduce the amount of unwanted heat inflows into the room and reduce the amount of electricity consumed by room air conditioning.

Also, the use of air recirculation in the room makes the operation of centralized air conditioning (with a single evaporator on the supply air duct) technically highly efficient. Thus, the claimed installation technically implements the fundamental principle of operation of air conditioning, in which the recirculated air is cooled, becoming colder with each cycle. This ensures a smooth decrease in the air in the room up to the required value without the cost of excess electrical energy and minimal removal of condensate.

Similarly, the claimed installation allows you to effectively set the necessary parameters of humidity in the room. Due to the recirculation of part of the air, the necessary moisture returns to the room, and is not thrown out into the street, does not enter the heat exchanger, which, if using, for example, a plate heat exchanger, could cause it to freeze in winter.

The technical result consists in a significant increase in the efficiency of ventilation of the room, the highest energy efficiency of the ventilation unit, the possibility of multi-stage filtration and purification of indoor air.

Thus, in the process of operation of the proposed supply and exhaust unit for ventilation of premises, the air parameters control unit continuously monitors the parameters of the air flow entering the unit both from the external environment and from the ventilated room. The control controller, based on the parameters of the air flow, performs centralized control of all valve devices in real time, dosing with great accuracy the percentage of air supplied to the recirculation circuit and admixture air coming from the external environment, as well as cooling and heating devices. The use of the unit allows you to significantly increase the efficiency of ventilation and reduce energy costs to maintain the required temperature in a ventilated room.

Claims (17)

1. Air handling unit for ventilation of at least one room, including: - recuperator, - an external inlet pipe, which serves to let in outside atmospheric air, which has passed through the heat exchanger, into the inner pipe of the pressure air duct and contains a valve device and at least one filter in its cavity, - an internal branch pipe of the pressurized air duct, which serves to let air into the room and contains at least one electric fan, - an internal outlet of the exhaust duct, made with the possibility of ejection of air from the room and containing at least one electric fan and one filter, - an external outlet pipe, made with the possibility of ejection into the atmosphere of air from the room that has passed the heat exchanger into the atmosphere and containing a valve device in its cavity, - control controller that sets the operating mode of the installation, characterized in that - as a heat exchanger, a counterflow plate, or rotary, or membrane, or enthalpy heat exchanger is used, - between the pressure air duct and the exhaust air duct, an air duct of the recirculation system is installed, containing a valve device in its cavity, - use as all valve devices iris diaphragm air valves connected directly or through a gearbox to the actuator for adjusting the valve devices, driven by the control controller, - the pressure air duct contains at least one heating and one cooling device, - an air parameters control unit is installed in the external inlet pipe and the inner pipe of the exhaust air duct, which is connected to the control controller and contains an air temperature sensor, - moreover, the control controller sets the operating modes of all electrical elements of the installation, including all valve devices that are controlled synchronously, the valve devices of the external inlet and outlet pipes are in the same phase, while the valve device of the air duct of the recirculation system is in antiphase, while their degree opening / closing depends on the readings of the air parameters control unit and is determined by the set air parameters in the ventilated room. 2. The air handling unit for ventilation of at least one room according to claim 1, characterized in that the air parameters control unit additionally contains any combination of sensors for air humidity, carbon dioxide, pm2.5 particles and volatile organic compounds. 3. Air handling unit for ventilation of at least one room according to claim 1, characterized in that an electric, water or glycol heater is used as a heating device. 4. A supply and exhaust unit for ventilation of at least one room according to claim 1, characterized in that a belt or gear drive is used as a drive for adjusting valve devices.

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