RU2778796C1 - Seasonal film greenhouse for small businesses - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used for growing vegetables in the spring-autumn period in greenhouses. The greenhouse contains an arched frame with sections and a roofing film placed on it, a door at the end and a device for ventilation. Also, the greenhouse additionally contains movable film inserts connecting the sections, while the arches of the frame are made of a steel bent profile of a trough-shaped section to accommodate wind ropes pressing the roofing film. Movable film inserts are made of a film sleeve with rope cables located inside along the longitudinal sides of the sleeve and fastened to it. At the same time, the ventilation device consists of rope cables, as well as guide tubes and winding drums located on steel slats, connected to rope cables and located on opposite sides of the movable film insert. The guide elements repeat the outlines of the frame arches to which they are attached, and are made of a bent steel rectangular section with a slot on one side for moving the movable film insert.

EFFECT: invention increases the reliability of film roof fastening, makes it possible to prevent overheating of the internal air, is characterized by low labor intensity of film coating dismantling for the winter period, and allows the film to be repeatedly used as a building envelope.

1 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of agriculture and can be used for growing vegetables in the spring-autumn period in greenhouses.

A film greenhouse with flat slopes is known, containing a frame made of pipes, to which a film is attached with clamps, for stabilization of which from wind influences, rows of wire stretched from above the film are provided (patent RU 2015656) [1]. The disadvantages of the greenhouse design include: flat slopes (not an arched form of the coating), which increase the wind load (suction) on the film roof; the need to use many elements for fastening the film to the frame of the greenhouse: point clamps, tension wires, wire tension clamps; point fastening of the film fence to the frame of the greenhouse, which contributes to the destruction of the film near the clamps under dynamic wind influences; the provided ventilation through the transoms at the ends of the structure will not ensure the reduction of overheating of internal air, which reduces the yield of products, in the warm season in greenhouses of a large area, since according to the design standards for cultivation facilities (SP 107. 13330. 2012 Greenhouses and hotbeds. Updated edition of SNiP 2.10. 04-85, p. 7.18) [2] the area of ventilation openings should be determined by calculation and be at least 20% of the roof area.

Film greenhouses with a mechanized ventilation system through ridge or side transoms with a total opening area of up to 40% of the roof area are also known (industrial film greenhouses: [website] - URL: https//smgrt.ru) [3]. The equipment used in ventilation systems (cardan shafts, gear reducers, geared motors, film rolls, etc.) is complex and requires significant costs.

The closest to the invention in technical essence is a greenhouse (patent RU 2092025) [4], containing a frame with a translucent coating placed on it, supports and a ventilation device made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder having a piston with a rod and a hydraulic cylinder filled with a working medium, made of a pipe plugged at one end, while the frame of the greenhouse is made in the form of arched trusses placed in supports, the arcs of which are made sectional with the same radii of curvature, connected to each other by upper, side and lower longitudinal elements, and the arcs are made of corners facing outwards with a gutter, and in the latter are placed wind cords.

The main disadvantages of the above greenhouse include the following:

- spatial immutability of the frame is not ensured, since there are no connections;

- the greenhouse contains about 60 elements, which determines the complexity of its manufacture and assembly;

- the proposed fixing of the film coating by means of wind cords pulled in the gutters of the trusses is unreliable and will be destroyed by a strong wind due to the following. The film covering is assembled from separate panels overlapping each other in the gutters, in the place of overlap of which wind cords are pulled along the gutters to secure them. In case of strong wind, a wind suction will appear in the upper part of the roof of the structure, which will tend to bulge the film fence upwards (for example, the tear load in the middle lane can reach 50 kgf/m ² ). A tensile force will arise in the wind rope, which, in accordance with Hooke's law, will increase the length of the rope and weaken the pressure of the film panels, which will lead to the destruction of the roof;

- the intended ventilation of the greenhouse through the doors at the ends of the structure will not ensure a decrease in the internal temperature in summer, which can exceed 45°C, due to the small area of the doors in relation to the area of the building envelope.

The objective of the invention is to create a technical solution for the greenhouse, ensuring the efficiency of its operation.

The technical result of the invention is the development of the design of the film greenhouse, which provides an increase in the reliability of fastening the film roof and the prevention of overheating of the internal air.

The set task and the specified technical result are achieved due to the fact that a seasonal film greenhouse for small forms of management, containing an arched frame with sections and a roofing film placed on it, doors at the end and a device for ventilation, according to the invention, additionally contains movable film inserts connecting the sections, at the same time, the frame arches are made of a steel bent profile of a trough-shaped section to accommodate wind ropes pressing the roofing film, and the movable film inserts are made of a film sleeve with rope cables located inside along the longitudinal sides of the sleeve and fastened to it, while the ventilation device consists of rope cables , as well as located on steel slats of the guide tube and winding drums connected to rope cables and located on opposite sides of the movable film insert, and the guide elements repeat the outlines of the arches of the frame, to which it is attached ny, and are made of a steel bent profile of rectangular section with a slot on one side for moving the movable film insert.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by drawings. In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the greenhouse; in fig. 2 is a side view of the greenhouse showing the greenhouse sections and the (movable) film inserts connecting them; in fig. 3 - steel arched frame of the greenhouse section; in fig. 4 is a cross section of a (movable) film insert between greenhouse sections; in fig. 5 - plan of the roofing sheet for the extreme and middle sections of the greenhouse; in fig. 6 - end part of the extreme sections of the greenhouse with swing gates; figure 7 is an example of a section plan of the greenhouse with a digital sequence of fixing the film coating with wind ropes; in fig. 8 - location in the belt of the arch of the wind rope after its tension; in fig. 9 - greenhouse roof plan; figure 10 is a diagram of a device for ventilation.

The greenhouse may consist of two or more sections connected by film inserts 2 (Fig. 1, 2), which can be manually wound on winding drums 9 made of pipes for ventilation of the greenhouse in the warm season. Swing doors 5 are provided at the ends of the greenhouse, consisting of two wooden planks 13 with a roofing film 1 attached to each plank.

The length of the greenhouse section is taken from the condition of its ventilation with open ends of the section approximately equal to two spans of the greenhouse. The frame of each section of the greenhouse is steel, consisting of arches 6 with tightening 11, ties 7 and girders 8 (Fig. 3). The connections of the frame elements are welded. Corners and pipes can be used for connections and runs. The belts of the arches are provided with a trough-shaped section for placing wind ropes 3 pressing the roofing film 1 against the frame (Fig. 8). As wind ropes, for example, steel cables in a plastic sheath can be used. For fastening the stretched wind ropes in the foundation concrete columns 16, metal anchors 4 (pieces of reinforcement) are embedded.

Roofing film 1 of each section of the greenhouse consists of film sheets welded along the longitudinal sides (Fig. 5). The length of the roofing sheet for the extreme sections of the greenhouse must exceed the length of the roofing sheet for the middle sections by the height of the greenhouse for the installation of swing gates 5 at the ends of the structure.

The film insert 2 consists of a film sleeve of a standard width of 1.5 m, along the longitudinal sides of which rope cables 12 are located (Fig. 4), pointwise fastened with a firmware to the film sleeve. The length of the film sleeve is equal to the length of the arch belt 6, the diameter of the rope cables 12 must exceed the width of the slot in the guide element 10 made of a bent profile (rectangular section), spot-welded along the contour of the arch belt 6. The film insert 2 is placed in the guide elements 10. For smooth movement of the film inserts 2, rope cables 12 go around the pipe 14, welded to steel strips 15, and are fixed on winding drums 9 located on opposite sides of the film insert 2.

The winding drum 9 is a piece of pipe with welded ends and a handle, mounted on steel strips 15 welded to the embedded parts in the foundation concrete columns 16.

The installation of the greenhouse begins with the installation of steel arches 6 of the frame on the foundation concrete columns 16. The spatial invariability of the frame of each section is ensured by installing ties 7 in the middle part of the frame and girders 8.

For the roofing of the greenhouse section, the film sleeves are cut lengthwise, then the longitudinal sides of the single-layer film are welded (Fig. 5). The width of the welded panels should be approximately 1 m greater than the length of the arc of the greenhouse cover, since the film roof is sprinkled with earth along the longitudinal sides of the greenhouse section (Fig. 6). The length of the roofing sheet of the middle sections of the greenhouse is determined taking into account the winding of the film (3-4 turns) on the wind ropes of the extreme arches of the section (Fig. 4). The length of the roofing sheet of the extreme sections is provided equal to the sum of the length of the section and its height at the end of the greenhouse for the subsequent installation of swing gates 5 at the ends of the greenhouse (Fig. 1, 6).

The prepared film coating is laid on the arches 6 of the greenhouse section and fixed by means of tensioned wind ropes 3 on metal anchors 4 embedded in the foundation concrete columns 16 (Fig. 9, 10), first on the extreme arches of the section, then in the middle of the section and then on the rest arches. An example of the sequence of fixing the film coating with wind ropes on the arches of the section is shown by numbers in Fig. 7.

The film coating on the arches at the film inserts 2 should be wrapped 3-4 times around the wind ropes 3 to prevent the film from slipping out from under the rope under wind load (Fig. 4). As a result of the tension of the film coating with wind ropes, it will be in a tense wind-resistant state. When the film tension is weakened, it can be eliminated by increasing the tension of the wind ropes 3.

The film coating on the ends of the extreme sections of the greenhouse is attached to wooden planks 13, freely rotating on one axis and moving apart (like a compass) if necessary to create a passage or ventilation opening.

The film insert 2 is a standard film sleeve 1.5 m wide, in which rope ropes 12 are placed along the longitudinal sides, pointwise fastened to the film sleeve, the diameter of which exceeds the width of the slot in the guide element 10 (Fig. 4). The guide element 10 is made of a bent rectangular profile with a slot (on one side) for moving the film insert and is spot-welded to the arch belt 6 along its entire length. To open and close the opening between the sections of the greenhouse (movable) film insert 2 moves along the guide elements 10 by winding rope ropes 12 on the winding drum 9, mounted on steel strips 15 and consisting of a piece of pipe with a handle. Before winding on the winding drum 9, the rope ropes 12 and the film insert 2 go around the guide tube 14 welded to the steel strips 15 (Fig. 10).

The technical solution of the claimed greenhouse increases the reliability of fastening the film roof, provides the ability to prevent overheating of the internal air, is characterized by low labor intensity of dismantling the film coating for the winter period and allows the film to be repeatedly used as a building envelope.

Claims (1)

Seasonal film greenhouse for small farms, containing an arched frame with sections and a roofing film placed on it, doors at the end and a device for ventilation, characterized in that it additionally contains movable film inserts connecting the sections, while the arches of the frame are made of bent steel profile trough-shaped section to accommodate wind ropes pressing the roofing film, and movable film inserts are made of a film sleeve, with rope cables located inside along the longitudinal sides of the sleeve and fastened to it, while the ventilation device consists of rope cables and located on steel strips of the guide pipe and winding drums, which are connected to rope cables and located on opposite sides of the movable film insert, the guiding elements of which repeat the outlines of the frame arches to which they are attached, and the guiding elements are made of a bent steel profile straight with a slot on one side for moving the movable film insert.

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