RU2778206C1 - Geodetic sign, the method for its restoration and the device for the implementation of this method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: topography.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of topography and can be used in the development of geodetic networks, for example, in order to register displacements of points on the Earth’s surface and during cadastral work. In the manufacture of a geodesic sign rod, structural transverse incisions are made on it, by one of which, under mechanical influences, the upper part of the rod with the geodesic mark breaks off, and the position of the part of the rod buried in the ground does not change. When restoring a geodesic sign, the preserved part of the rod is cleaned of dirt and an adapter equipped with a geodesic mark is placed on it. After reaching contact between the mounting plane of the incision made on the rod and the mounting plane of the adapter, the latter is fixed on the rod of the geodetic sign mechanically or by welding. By calculation, the location of the geodetic mark of the restored sign is determined in the coordinate system of the geodetic network before damage to this sign, which makes it possible to restore the geodetic network without replacing the geodetic sign. With repeated geodetic surveys, it becomes possible to obtain data on the displacement of the geodetic sign under the influence of geodynamic processes.

EFFECT: ensuring the possibility of using restored geodetic signs without replacing them with new ones.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of topography and can be used in the development of geodetic networks, in order to register displacements of points on the earth's surface and during construction and cadastral work.

In these areas of technology, geodetic signs are used - devices or structures that indicate the positions of geodetic points on the ground [GOST 22268-76].

Such devices include the centers and reference points of the points of the geodetic and leveling networks [Rules for fixing the centers of the points of the satellite geodetic network. M.: TsNIIGAiK, 2001]. The safety of coordinates at such points with geodetic centers (type 3) is achieved by the fact that, in addition to the geodetic mark on the upper concrete pylon, they have a second mark on the pylon located below it [Rules for laying centers and benchmarks at points of the geodetic and leveling networks. M.: Kartgeotsentr - Geodezizdat, 1993].

For economic reasons, it is unprofitable to have such a geodetic center in the area of geodynamic studies or at each construction site, although it is necessary to monitor soil settlement near industrial and civil high-rise buildings. It is for these reasons that simpler designs of geodetic signs are used, which are used both in mine surveying, construction and land surveying.

Such structures include inventions known from their descriptions [RU 2000541 C1 09/07/1993, RU 2080557 C1 05/27/1997, RU 2092793 10.10.1997, RU 2180430 C1 10.03.2002, RU 2206066 C1 06/10/2003, RU 2206740 C2 20.06. 2003, RU 2256152 C2 01/27/2001, RU 2256153 C2 03/10/2005, RU 2262664 C1 10.10.2005, RU 2282145 C2 08/20/2006, RU 2302614 C2 10.07.2007, RU 2359230 C1 24.01.2008, RU 2402748 C2 27.10.2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 2010 , RU 2456545 C1 07/24/2012; RU 2569076 C2 11/20/2015;

Only on the territory of Russia there are several hundreds of thousands of soil geodesic signs [RU 2232375 C1 10.07.2004].

The problem of saving the coordinates of terrain points, fixed by geodetic signs, in case of their damage or loss, is solved by placing additional control and auxiliary benchmarks [RU 2206740 20.02.2003].

Such duplication of geodetic signs allows you to restore the coordinates of terrain points with errors not exceeding 1 mm [RU 2180430 C1 10.03.2002]. Together, this leads to a multiple increase in the cost of topographic and geodetic arrangement of the area, since it is required not only to bind an additional sign to the area, but also to include it in the adjustment of the geodetic network.

Almost all of these devices have similar designs, as well as a ground reference marker, which contains a metal rod vertically mounted in a ground hole, to the upper end of which a mark is rigidly attached, and an underground anchor to the lower end [RU 2269094 27.01.2006 and RU 2284473 C2 27.09 .2006].

Rods of geodetic signs (SGZ) are made of angles or pipes, solid or hollow, with or without anti-corrosion coating, buried in the ground and even surrounded by additional concrete shells.

However, all these improvements do not guarantee the safety of the upper part of the SGZ, which can be damaged both by agricultural machinery - tractors plowing the land, and construction equipment - bulldozers profiling the terrain, or vandals swinging the upper part of the SGZ until it bends. or break.

When a geodetic sign is lost or damaged, its coordinate marks are lost, which does not allow tracking geodynamic processes in the area of the lost sign or using it when re-surveying land. In this regard, it is advisable to take measures in advance to preserve at least the distal nodes of the geodetic sign.

The aim of the invention is to restore the coordinates of the damaged geodetic sign.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that in the manufacture of the rod of a geodesic sign, constructive transverse cuts are made on it, having landing planes. Under mechanical influences on the geodesic sign, the upper part of the rod with the geodesic mark breaks off in the area of the notch, and the position of the part of the rod buried in the ground does not change, which makes it possible to restore the geodesic sign even if the upper part of the rod is lost using the proposed device with an adapter equipped with a geodesic mark.

The adapter itself has a cavity, in which the inlet cross section corresponds to the outer cross section of the SGZ. Further, the cavity has a smaller section with a landing plane with a certified removal from the geodetic mark of the adapter.

The well-known certified removal of the geodetic mark from the constructive notch makes it possible to restore the height coordinate of the geodetic mark and take into account its change in the presence of geodynamic processes.

To do this, when restoring a geodetic mark with a damaged mark, the upper part of the SGZ is freed from objects that prevent access to both the landing plane of the structural notch and the remaining upper part of the geodetic mark. An adapter is attached to this part, equipped with a geodesic mark and having a cavity corresponding to the external dimensions of the rod. By moving the adapter in height relative to the upper part of the SGZ, contact is made between the plane of the constructive notch of the rod and the landing plane of the adapter.

Since the adapter cavity has a proximal section smaller than the transverse dimensions of the rod, it is uniquely fixed in height. Next, the adapter is rigidly connected to the rod of the geodesic sign mechanically or by welding. At the final stage of the restoration of the geodetic mark, the known distance of the geodetic mark from the landing plane of the adapter and the plane of the notch on the SGZ from its distal node is summed up.

This allows you to find the actual position of the geodetic mark. The distance (removal) of the geodetic mark from the landing plane of the adapter can be determined by simple measurements, read from the stamp on its surface or from its passport.

The difference between the position of the adapter brand and the passport data of the SGZ allows you to enter a correction in the coordinates of the geodetic point. Rebinding a geodetic sign to a geodetic network makes it possible to determine its current location, for example, relative to the coordinates of the global navigation satellite system.

The technical result achieved is to continue using the restored geodesic signs without replacing them with new ones. This allows you to restore the integrity of geodetic networks and makes it possible to take into account the movements of the earth's crust during repeated geodetic determinations.

The figure (Fig. 1) shows a version of the geodetic sign, the figure (Fig. 2) shows a device for its restoration, and the figure (Fig. 3) shows the geodetic sign after its restoration.

The figure (Fig. 1) shows the well 1, which is placed SGZ, with a pipe 2, equipped with a node 3 with a geodetic mark 4. In addition, the pipe 2 has an anchor 5 included in the distal node 6 of the geodetic mark.

Well 1, after placing the SGZ in it, is filled with soil 7, which protects the distal part of the pipe with notches 8 from damage. Each of the notches has a landing plane 9 (Fig. 1).

Figure (Fig. 2) illustrates a variant of the design of the device for restoring a geodetic sign. It directly includes an adapter 10 with a geodetic mark 11. In the lower part of the adapter 10 there is a cavity 12, inside which a landing plane 13 is formed. This figure also shows a stamp 14 with data on the removal of the geodetic mark 11 from the landing plane 13.

The figure (Fig. 3) shows the restored geodetic mark, and the contact surface 15 of the landing plane 9 of the pipe 2 and the landing plane 13 of the adapter 10 is highlighted. characteristic point of the distal part of the tube 2.

The use of geodetic signs of this design involves fixing them on the ground of geodetic points of new geodetic networks and replacing the damaged geodetic signs lost by them.

To do this, a well 1 is prepared on the ground, in which a geodetic sign is placed with a pipe 2 equipped with a node 3 with a geodetic mark 4. Pipe 2 is set vertically so that the anchor of the distal node 6 of pipe 2 is below the freezing level of the soil filling the well 7. The upper part of the SGZ (Fig. 1) can protrude above the ground by decimeters, so it is subject to mechanical damage, and it is sometimes protected from damage by a layer of soil 7 [RU 2232375 C1 28.02. 2003, RU 2262664 C1 10/10/2005 and RU 2269094 C2 01/27/2006].

Under mechanical influences on the geodetic mark, the notches 8 on the pipe 2 prevent damage to its distal node 6 of the geodetic mark, since the pipe will simply break in the area of the notch, and will not bend below it.

This circumstance makes it possible to restore geodetic markers with the preserved distal node.

For this purpose, the safety of geodetic signs is preliminarily determined by direct examination of the area, for example, using metal detectors or photographs of the area using known methods [RU 2587522 C2 20.062016 and RU 2700739 C2 19.09.2019].

After identifying a specific geodetic sign with a damaged distal part, the preserved upper part of the SGZ is exposed. They clean it from soil, concrete, etc. The landing plane of the structural notch on the pipe should be especially carefully cleaned (Fig. 1).

An adapter 10 with a geodetic mark 11 is placed on the upper part of the pipe 2 (Fig. 2).

The inlet cross-section of the cavity 12 of the adapter 10 allows you to mix it down the pipe 2 (Fig. 1). Such movement will be stopped by the landing plane 13 located inside the cavity 12 (Fig. 2).

After reaching a tight contact of the landing plane 13 formed in the cavity 12 of the adapter 10 and the landing plane 9 of the notch 8 on the pipe 2, the adapter 10 is fixed on the pipe 2 (Fig. 3).

Fixing the adapter 10 relative to the pipe 2 can be performed not only by welding, but also mechanically.

In general, the position of the geodetic mark 11 of the adapter 10 will not correspond to the position of the geodetic mark 4 of the node 3 on the top of the pipe 2 before it is damaged (Fig. 1). Data on the distance of the non-preserved or displaced geodetic mark 4 from the characteristic point on the lower part of the pipe 2 or the distal node of the geodetic mark and data on the removal of the geodetic mark 11 relative to the landing plane 13 of the adapter 10 are known from the passport of the geodetic mark or brand 16 on its pipe 2 (rod ).

These data are sufficient to find the actual position of mark 11 relative to the distal node of pipe 2.

New observations of the reconstructed geodetic mark allow us to restore its position and even displacement relative to the geodetic plan base of its elevation, taking into account the real position of the new mark 11 relative to the distal node 3 of the pipe 2.

This is especially true in cases where the SGZ is not buried in the ground, which is often done at construction sites and when surveying cadastral plots, and the proximal SGZ node can be damaged or completely destroyed either by negligence or for any reason by individuals or legal entities. .

The use of restored geodetic markers allows you to save the data of previous geodetic surveys, while the complete replacement of damaged geodetic markers with new ones resets the data on ground movements performed before the damage to the geodetic marker.

Claims (3)

1. Geodetic sign, equipped with a rod buried in the ground with a distal node and a geodesic mark, characterized in that the rod of the geodetic sign has at least one structural transverse notch that forms a landing plane on the rod with certified distances to the geodetic mark and to the distal node of the geodetic mark rod . 2. A method for restoring a geodetic mark in which a geodetic mark has been lost on its rod, but a landing plane has been preserved, formed by a constructive transverse notch on the rod itself, with known distances from the landing plane to the lost geodetic mark and to the distal node of the geodetic mark rod, characterized in that that they clean the landing plane of the rod and some of its part adjacent to this plane, put an adapter on this part of the rod, equipped with a geodesic mark and an interface node with the intact part of the rod of the geodesic mark, until the contact of the landing planes of the rod and the adapter is reached, fix the adapter on the rod with a permanent connection geodetic mark, taking into account the known distance between the geodetic mark of the adapter and its landing plane, the distance between the geodetic mark and the distal node of the geodetic mark is calculated and certified. 3. A device for implementing a method for restoring a geodetic mark, in which a geodetic mark has been lost on its rod, but a landing plane has been preserved, formed by a constructive transverse notch on the rod itself, with known distances to the lost geodetic mark and to the distal node of the geodetic mark rod, characterized in that which contains an adapter that contains an interface node with an undamaged part of the geodetic sign rod, a geodetic mark and a landing plane on this node with a known distance from it to the geodetic mark.

Images