RU2262664C1 - Ground reference land-mark - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: geodesy.

SUBSTANCE: land-mark can be used for creating points of reference land network which has to be geodetic network of special purpose and which is necessary for coordinate provision of state land inventory, land monitoring, organization of the use of land and other procedures for inspecting available land of Russia. Ground reference land-mark has hollow metal rod mounted into hole of ground. Top end of rod is provided with mark having recognition marks, lower end is provided with underground retentive anchor. As a mark the top end of metal rod is used and as anchor the lower end of metal rod is used. Top and lower ends of hollow metal rod are cut vertically along diameter for depth of 0,5-2,0 of diameter to segments which segments are bent at vertical plane for required angle at proper direction. They serve as mark of reference ground network at top end; the lower end has to be underground anchor of reference ground network.

EFFECT: simplified design; simplified manufacturing technique.

8 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of creating points of a reference boundary network (OMS) on the earth’s surface, which is a special-purpose geodetic network necessary for the coordinate support of the land cadastre, land monitoring, land management and other state land fund management operations.

The MLA item consists of a center — a reference boundary mark (OMZ), an external mark, and external design.

OMZ are divided into soil, wall, special. The most massive are the OMZ soil, which are annually installed in Russia by hundreds of thousands.

Manufacturing and installation technologies in the soil should guarantee the resistance of OMZ to mechanical and chemical influences of the soil and external forces (for example, accidental collision of vehicles, deliberate destruction from hooligan motives, etc.).

There are known OMZ soil containing a metal pipe (metal rod) vertically mounted in a cylindrical soil hole with a concrete filling of the internal cavity, a brand rigidly attached to the upper end of the metal pipe, an underground anchor rigidly attached to the lower end of the metal pipe and placed in a concrete (dense) mass (ESDZem. 02-06-005-02. The main provisions of the reference boundary network. The rules for laying the centers of benchmarks at points of the geodetic and leveling networks. The Federal Service of Geodesy and Car Tographies of Russia, 1993).

The disadvantages of the known soil OMZ are their complex construction, laborious manufacturing and installation technology, the relatively high cost of the materials used, which ultimately leads to increased costs and time for land surveying. So, for example, in the well-known soil OMZ, the underground anchor consists of two metal rods mounted perpendicular to each other in holes specially made for this purpose at the lower end of the metal pipe and poured into the concrete along the outer contour, and the inner cavity of the metal pipe is filled with concrete.

Known soil OMZ containing a metal rod mounted in a soil hole, the upper end of which is equipped with a mark with identification marks, and the lower end is an underground holding anchor, in which the underground anchor is made of wedge-shaped metal plates with a thickness of at least 1 mm and a height of not more than the diameter of the metal rod, the base of which is rigidly attached to the lower end of the metal rod, and the top is oriented toward the mark and bent from the metal rod at an angle of not more than 45 °, not more than its radius is a metal rod.

The disadvantages of the well-known ground OMZ are its complexity in manufacturing and installation, the relatively high cost of time and money for manufacturing, installation, operation (separate manufacture of brand and anchor parts, their special fastening to the OMZ rod by electric welding, etc.).

The purpose of the proposed soil OMZ is to eliminate the above disadvantages, that is, simplifying the design of OMZ, facilitating the technology of its manufacture and installation, the use of cheap and affordable materials, which ultimately reduces the cost and time for manufacturing and fixing OMZ in the soil, as well as hardening OMZ .

The goal is achieved by the fact that in the proposed soil OMZ, the upper end of the metal rod is used as a mark, for which it is bent in a vertical plane at an angle of (45-90) °, and OMZ identification marks (for example, its number) are applied on its outer surface , and as the anchor used the lower end of the metal rod, for which it is bent in a vertical plane at an angle (45-135) °.

The set of essential features of the proposed soil OMZ exhibits new properties, namely, that the simplified design facilitates the manufacturing and installation technology of OMZ. and also allows the use of cheaper and affordable materials, which reduces the time and money spent on land surveying, and improves the strength of OMZ retention in the soil.

Thus, the set of essential features of the proposed soil OMZ meets the criterion of "significant differences" and "novelty."

The scheme of the proposed soil OMZ shown in figure 1 and figure 2.

The proposed soil OMZ contains the main part that is common with the prototype, a metal rod vertically mounted in the soil hole, which can be made in the form of a metal rod, a metal corner, or a metal pipe.

Figure 1 shows a variant of soil OMZ, the metal rod 1 of which is made of a metal rod, a pipe of small diameter (for example, up to 30 mm), a corner.

The upper end 2 of the rod 1 at a length L ₁ = (0.5-2.0) d _{1 is} bent in a vertical plane to either side by an angle α ₁ = (45-90) ° and plays the role of the OMZ brand, to which by known methods ( for example, by a notch) OMZ identification marks are applied (for example, its number). The upper end 2 can be flattened for ease of marking.

The lower end 3 of the rod 1 at a length of L ₂ = (1.0-3.0) d _{1 is} bent in a vertical plane to either side by an angle β = (45-135) ° and acts as an underground OMZ anchor (prevents unauthorized removal of OMZ from soil).

Figure 2 shows a variant of soil OMZ, the metal rod of which is made of a metal pipe 4 of a relatively large diameter (for example, 40 mm or more). The upper end 5 of the pipe 4 at a length of L ₃ = (0.5-2.0) d _{2 is} cut in a vertical plane into segments 7, which are bent into the pipe 4 at an angle α ₂ = (45-90) ° and play the role of the OMZ brand on which OMZ identification marks (for example, its number) are applied by known methods (for example, by a notch). It is not practical to bend segments 7 of the upper end 5 to a larger angle α, since it will be inconvenient to apply and check the OMZ marking. The upper end 5 of the pipe 4, it is advisable to cut vertically in diameter at least four segments 7, because otherwise it will be difficult to bend and there will be a large radius of their bend. Pipe cutting can be done in various ways, for example, mechanical devices, gas welding. Bent segments 7 for ease of labeling can be flattened.

As an OMZ brand, only one or two diametrically opposite (of the four segments obtained by a vertical section of the upper end of the pipe 4) segments 7 can be used. Segments 7 that are not used as a brand may or may not be bent at all, or even bend them in the opposite direction (outside the pipe 4). Figure 2 bent pairwise to each other all four diametrically opposite segments 7.

If necessary, a specially made brand can be attached to the bent upper end of the OMZ metal rod if necessary (for example, by electric welding). It should be noted that the cast iron grade, which although it is less susceptible to corrosion and which is sometimes indicated in the documentation by customers, requires special manufacturing (special casting), special fastening to OMZ (special welding with special electrodes), is expensive and inconvenient to operate (brittle cast iron does not hold well welding and easily pricks with mechanical shocks and temperature extremes, it is impossible to put OMZ identification marks on it with a shock notch). For these reasons, OMZ cast-iron tags are not widely used and conventional soft iron tags are used. For this purpose, the bent upper end of the OMZ metal rod is ideally suited, which is made of ordinary mild and inexpensive steel, and on which it is easy to put (for example, knock out a chisel) identification marks.

The lower end 6 of the pipe 4 at a length of L ₄ = (0.5-2.0) d _{2 is also} cut in the vertical plane into four segments 8, which are bent outwardly of the pipe 4 by an angle β ₂ = (45-135) ° and play the role underground anchor OMZ.

In addition to bending the lower end 3 of the metal bar 1 (Fig. 1), and also in addition to bending the segments 8 of the metal pipe 4 (Fig. 2), rigid metal rods can be perpendicularly attached to the end of the lower end of the metal rod OMZ (for example, by electric welding) or plates whose length is equal to (1.0-3.0) of the diameter of the rod (they are not shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 so as not to obscure the circuit). These rods or plates increase the rigidity of the bent lower ends of the OMZ (underground anchor) in the case of the use of a rod of small diameter, weak angle, thin-walled pipe of small diameter, etc.

The length of these welded rods or plates, the length of the bent parts of the lower and upper ends of the metal rod OMZ are selected in each case based on the diameter of the metal rod, the strength of the soil into which the OMZ is mounted, etc.

The proposed soil OMZ is made and installed in the ground on the ground as follows.

OMZ is made in a stationary workshop according to the circuit shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2. According to current methods, they choose a place for installing soil OMZ. According to the available documentation, other known methods and devices (for example, a metal detector) determine the presence or absence of soil, within a radius of at least two meters from the installation site of OMZ, electrical cables and water pipes. When they are detected at the inspected place, another, free from them place for installing OMZ is selected next to them.

Soil within a radius of at least two meters from the installation site of OMZ is checked for the presence (absence) of metal objects in it (for example, with a metal detector). All metal objects found in the soil layer at a depth of at least 300 mm are removed and removed so that they do not interfere with the detection of soil OMZ by a metal detector during subsequent verification work.

In the selected place in the ground, a vertical hole is made of the required diameter D and the required depth N (for example, with a drill) and the manufactured OMZ is installed in it. To reduce the contact of the inner surface of the pipe 4 with the atmosphere and water and to increase the strength of the OMZ, the internal cavity of the pipe 4 will be filled (before installing the OMZ in the soil hole) with compacted soil.

After installing OMZ, the soil hole is filled with rammed soil and the coordinates of OMZ in the local system are determined. To do this, first determine the satellite coordinates by known methods (for example, in the national system WGS-84) of the installed OMZ and at least four old OMZ located nearby, which already have coordinates in the local system. Using the existing double coordinates of the old OMZ, the coefficients of the translation of their coordinates from the national system WGS-84 to the local coordinate system are calculated by interpolation.

After the installation and coordination of OMZ, its upper end, which plays the role of the brand (the bent part 2 of the upper end in Fig. 1 and the bent segments 7 of the upper end 5 in Fig. 2), is protected from corrosion (from direct contact with water and the atmosphere) by water-repellent grease, such as solid oil, and / or sealed with a sealing film, such as adhesive tape. After that, the upper end of the OMZ is covered (if it is necessary to hide the OMZ) with a layer of soil, which is poured and rammed over the OMZ in the form of a cone. A cone from the ground not only hides OMZ from unwanted “dismantlers” (children, thieves, etc.), but also facilitates its search during subsequent inspection work, prevents vehicles from hitting it (vehicles are forced to go around an obstacle, that is, a cone from the ground) .

After performing these operations, the turning points of the boundaries of the surveyed land plots are fixed on the ground with additional boundary signs (if required), their flat rectangular coordinates are determined relative to the already existing OMZ in the local coordinate system, and a map is prepared of the boundaries of the surveyed land plots in the required coordinate system.

The manufacture and installation of the proposed OMZ were tested during land surveying in the Penza region. Testing confirmed the great savings in time and money when using the proposed OMZ in comparison with the use of known OMZ and the sufficient strength of its retention in the ground. The made special arrivals of vehicles on the upper end of the proposed OMZ covered by a cone of soil showed its good preservation from damage. Attempts to remove from the soil hole of the proposed OMZ showed sufficient strength of its retention (without the use of special mechanical means, removal is impossible).

The application of the proposed OMZ accelerates land surveying, simplifies subsequent monitoring of the earth's surface, topographic and other works, improves their quality, reduces the cost of time and money for their implementation.

Claims (8)

1. Soil reference boundary mark (OMZ), containing a hollow metal rod vertically mounted in a ground hole with bent upper and lower ends, a stamp with an OMZ identification mark, an underground OMZ anchor, characterized in that the upper end of the hollow rod is cut vertically into length not less than the size of the mark, the cut part is bent at an angle of 45-90 °, the OMZ identification mark is marked on it and it performs the function of the OMZ mark, and the lower end is cut vertically to a length of at least the diameter of the hollow wall rusting into several parts, the cut parts are bent to the outer side from the axis of the hollow rod at an angle of 45-90 ° and perform the function of the underground holding arm OMZ. 2. Soil OMZ according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper end of the hollow metal rod, for example, pipe, is vertically cut into several parts, the number of which is equal to the number of digits of the OMZ identification mark, while all parts are bent at an angle of 45-90 ° and jointly perform the function of the OMZ brand, for which purpose one digit of the OMZ identification mark is applied on the upper plane of each bent part. 3. Soil OMZ according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the lower end of a hollow metal rod, for example a pipe, is cut vertically and bent to the outside from the axis of the rod at a length of not more than the diameter of the soil hole. 4. Soil OMZ according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower end of the hollow metal rod, for example, pipe, is cut vertically and bent twice at an angle of 45-90 °, and the second time at a length of not less than the diameter of the rod. 5. Soil OMZ according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow metal rod in it is made up of two angles of the same size and different in length, or channels, connected by ribs, for example, by means of electric welding, with the upper and lower ends of a longer A corner or channel is bent towards the axis of the hollow rod, fastened, for example, by electric welding, to the ends of a shorter corner or channel, and, respectively, perform the functions of a mark with the OMZ identification mark and the OMZ underground holding anchor. 6. Soil OZM according to claim 5, characterized in that in it the lower ends of the hollow composite metal rod are made equal in length, are bent to the outside at an angle of 45-90 ° diametrically in opposite directions and perform the function of a double underground OMZ anchor. 7. Soil OMZ according to claim 1, characterized in that the numbers of the OMZ identification mark on the upper bent end of the hollow metal rod are welded by electric welding. 8. Soil OMZ according to claim 1, characterized in that the numbers of the OMZ identification mark on the upper bent end of the hollow metal rod are made of iron wire and are attached to the upper part of the bent end by electric welding.

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