RU2776943C1 - Optoelectronic device for detecting and determining coordinates of objects emitting in ultraviolet range of spectrum - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to medicine, namely to emergency and emergency medicine, and can be used when it is necessary to maintain physiological parameters and accelerate recovery processes in conditions accompanied by various types of hypoxia. For this purpose, a breathing gas mixture is proposed, including krypton, argon, oxygen and nitrogen at the following component ratios, vol. %: krypton 1-79, argon 1-79, oxygen 19-24, nitrogen – the rest. The method is also proposed for maintaining physiological parameters and accelerating recovery processes in conditions accompanied by various types of hypoxia, during which the patient is transferred to the breathing mode with the specified gas mixture.

EFFECT: inventions provide a reduction in the risk of side effects while ensuring the possibility of effective maintenance of physiological parameters and acceleration of recovery processes in the development of conditions accompanied by various types of hypoxia.

8 cl, 2 tbl, 4 ex

Description

The invention relates to medicine, in particular to emergency and emergency medicine, namely to a respiratory gas mixture, and can be used to save life and accelerate subsequent recovery in case of large blood loss of moderate and severe degree, including in the field, as well as in other conditions associated with the development of hypoxia of various etiologies (respiratory, circulatory, hemic tissue), such as a new coronavirus infection, multiple organ failure, heart attack, stroke, carbon monoxide poisoning and methemoglobin formers, etc.

To date, the problem of developing technologies that provide the possibility of prolonging human viability in case of injuries and injuries is quite relevant (Ivanov A.O. et al. Experimental study of the protective activity of an artificial gas mixture with a high content of inert gases in a model of lethal blood loss in rabbits. EMERGENCY MEDICAL CARE – 2021). Possible mechanisms of exposure to mixtures based on inert gases are associated with a hypometabolic effect, accompanied by a slowdown in metabolic processes and a decrease in oxygen consumption in tissues, as well as maintaining oxygen saturation in the blood.

Closest to the claimed invention is a respiratory gas mixture (Method for long-term maintenance of human viability in the field in case of injuries with large blood loss and a device for its implementation: patent RU2684748, Russian Federation, application RU2017108880, application 16.03.2017, publ. 12.04.2019) , including up to 1-35 vol. % xenon, 30-35 vol. % - argon, not less than 21 vol. % oxygen and nitrogen - the rest. This respiratory gas mixture is intended for use as part of a method that includes stopping bleeding by applying bandages and tourniquets, introducing hemostatic, narcotic drugs, blood substitutes, characterized in that the wounded person is transferred to the mode of breathing with the above-described artificial gas mixture for up to 6 hours or more. This technical solution is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the relatively high risk of side effects due to the presence in the mixture of xenon, which has a narcotic effect. This can lead to a decrease in the level of consciousness of the victim up to its complete loss as a result of switching to the mode of breathing with a gas mixture.

The technical problem lies in the need to develop a respiratory gas mixture to maintain physiological parameters and accelerate recovery processes during the development of conditions accompanied by various types of hypoxia, devoid of the above disadvantages.

The technical result consists in reducing the risk of side effects while providing the possibility of effectively maintaining physiological parameters and accelerating recovery processes during the development of conditions accompanied by various types of hypoxia.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the respiratory gas mixture for maintaining physiological parameters and accelerating recovery processes during the development of conditions accompanied by various types of hypoxia, including argon, oxygen and nitrogen, according to the invention contains krypton in the following ratios of components, vol. %:

krypton 1-79 argon 1-79 oxygen 19-24 nitrogen rest

The technical result is also achieved by the fact that in the method of maintaining physiological parameters and accelerating recovery processes under conditions accompanied by various types of hypoxia, during which the patient is transferred to the breathing mode with a gas mixture including argon, oxygen and nitrogen, characterized in that the gas mixture is also used including krypton in the following ratios of components, vol. %:

krypton 1-79 argon 1-79 oxygen 19-24 nitrogen rest

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a gas mixture containing 5-30 vol. % krypton. In the most preferred embodiment of the invention, a respiratory mixture containing 20-30 vol. % krypton. Also in the most preferred embodiment, the implementation of the respiratory mixture containing 5-30 vol. % argon.

The inventive method is carried out as follows.

The gas mixture is prepared in a closed volume of a special chamber by passing each of the components through the rotameter and based on the ratio of the chamber volume and the required content of each of the gases in it. The chamber has an overpressure relief valve. The mixture of gases occurs when the fan in the chamber is turned on, after which the mixture is pumped into the cylinder.

Next, the patient is given certain preparatory measures, after which the patient is transferred to the mode of breathing with the claimed mixture. To do this, he is put on a mask associated with a cylinder containing the inventive respiratory gas mixture (krypton 1-79 vol.%, argon 1-79 vol.%, oxygen 19-24 vol.%, nitrogen - the rest) and this mixture is supplied. It is also possible to place the patient in a sealed chamber or box, into which an appropriate gas mixture is supplied.

Preparatory measures depend on the situation in which the mixture is used. For example, in the case of a wound with a large blood loss, the wounded person is first of all stopped bleeding, for which a bandage or tourniquet is applied to stop the bleeding, or local hemostatic agents are used. If the wounded has asphyxia, it is eliminated. Next, the wounded person is compensated for the loss of blood by infusion of a blood substitute and transferred to the mode of breathing of the inventive mixture in the manner described above. After that, the wounded person may be given narcotic analgesics and antibiotics.

It should be noted that the proposed method can be used not only for assistance after injuries and injuries, but also for rehabilitation after massive surgical interventions, with multiple organ failure and other conditions.

The claimed invention is illustrated by examples.

Example 1. Selection of optimal parameters for the composition of the respiratory gas mixture.

According to the results of preliminary studies, it was decided not to use xenon in the claimed mixture and to include krypton in the composition. Also, based on the results of preliminary studies, approximate concentrations of substances were determined. To select the optimal parameters of the qualitative and quantitative composition, several groups of laboratory animals (rabbits) were taken, and several variants of respiratory gas mixtures were prepared, including several variants of mixtures according to the prototype. Zoletil was used as an anesthetic for animals. In the course of the experiment, the animals were simulated an injury with a large blood loss, the bleeding was stopped, and they were placed for four hours in a chamber into which an appropriate gas mixture was supplied. After the experiment, the animals were euthanized. More detailed data about the experiment are given in Table 1.

Table 1 - data on groups of animals and gas mixtures used in the experiment

group number Number of animals The composition of the gas mixture krypton argon oxygen nitrogen about. % about. % about. % about. % control 5 - - - - one 5 twenty 5 17 2 5 thirty ten eighteen 3 5 twenty 5 19 four 5 25 5 twenty 5 5 thirty 5 22 6 5 twenty twenty 22 38 7 5 5 thirty 22 eight 5 5 thirty 24 9 5 twenty thirty 25 ten 5 thirty twenty 26 eleven 5 0.5 thirty 19 50.5 12 5 thirty 0.5 19 50.5 13 5 thirty one 24 45 fourteen 5 one thirty 24 45 fifteen 5 one 79 19 one 16 5 79 one 19 one 17 5 one one 24 74

As a result of the studies in the control group, 60% of the animals died within 1.5 hours of being in the chamber, and before the end of the experiment, all animals of the control group died. In groups 1-2 and 9-12 about 40% of the animals died. The best results (100% survival) were achieved in groups 3-8 and 13-17.

Along with the registration of the death of animals, the experimental groups were compared in terms of the recovery of ocular (corneal) reflexes:

- groups 5 and 6 - the time until the appearance of eye reflexes was about 30 minutes;

- groups 3-4 and 7-8 - the time until the appearance of eye reflexes was about 1 hour;

- groups 13-17 - the time until the appearance of eye reflexes was 1.5-2 hours.

Thus, in groups 5 and 6, a faster recovery of eye reflexes was noted, which, when extrapolated to a person, may indicate a faster recovery of impaired consciousness and characterize the severity of CNS dysfunction [Kostyuchenko A.L. Life-threatening conditions in the practice of a first contact doctor: a Handbook / A. L. Kostyuchenko. - St. Petersburg. : Spec. lit., 1999. - 247 p.].

Thus, the composition of the effective respiratory gas mixture was determined: krypton 1-79 vol.%, argon 1-79 vol.%, oxygen 19-24 vol.%, nitrogen - the rest. In addition, according to these results, the best composition of the effective respiratory gas mixture: krypton 5-30 vol.%, argon 5-30 vol.%, oxygen 19-24 vol.%, nitrogen - the rest. The best results are achieved when the mixture contains 20-30 vol. % argon.

Example 2. Approbation on volunteers.

The study involved 20 male subjects aged 20-40 years who had no medical contraindications and signed an informed consent to participate in the testing as volunteers. In approbation, 3 variants of the gas mixture with the following compositions were used:

Option 1: krypton 1 vol.%, argon 79 vol.%, oxygen 19 vol.%, nitrogen - the rest.

Option 2: krypton 20 vol.%, argon 20 vol.%, oxygen 29 vol.%, nitrogen - the rest.

Option 3: krypton 30 vol.%, argon 30 vol.%, oxygen 24 vol.%, nitrogen - the rest.

Volunteers were put on breath with the indicated mixtures for 1.5 hours:

- for breathing with a mixture according to option 1 - 7 people;

- for breathing with a mixture according to option 2 - 6 people;

- for breathing with a mixture according to option 3 - 7 people.

Before, during and after testing, the physiological parameters of volunteers were observed, which remained normal throughout the experiment. In particular, a pulse oximeter was used to measure physiological parameters, and the oxygen concentration in the blood was used as a criterion. For the entire observation period (1.5 hours), there was no decrease in the concentration of oxygen in the blood of the volunteers. After the end of testing, volunteers showed a slight decrease in activity. The narcotic effect of the gas mixture was not observed.

Example 3

To test the effectiveness of the claimed invention, modeling of multiple organ failure in rats was carried out. Modeling was carried out according to the method according to patent RU2453002 (Method for modeling multiple organ pathology in rats: patent RU2453002, Russian Federation, application RU2011100502, filed on January 11, 2011, published on June 10, 2012). 10 laboratory rats weighing 200±10 g for 180 days were given 33 g of powdered milk, 42.5 g of lard and 4.3 g of pure powdered cholesterol per 1000 g of animal weight for 180 days. After 180 days, the weight of each animal was 400±10 g. After appropriate analyzes, each animal was found to have obesity, hyperglycemia, and fibrosis of the tissues of the kidneys, liver, and heart. According to the results of biochemical analysis of blood in all animals, a violation of protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism was found.

Then all animals received food without any additives for 30 days, while 5 out of 10 rats were placed every day for 1 hour in a chamber into which the inventive respiratory mixture was supplied, including 20% krypton, 30% argon, 19% oxygen and 31% nitrogen. After 30 days, the weight of the rats, which were periodically transferred to the mode of breathing with a gas mixture, was 330 ± 10 g, and the weight of the remaining rats was 380 ± 10 g. Moreover, the rats, which were periodically transferred to the mode of breathing with a gas mixture, showed greater physical activity compared to the rest of the rats. The results of a biochemical analysis of the blood of rats, which were periodically transferred to the mode of breathing with a gas mixture, corresponded to the norm, and the remaining rats showed signs of a violation of protein, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism.

The experiment confirmed the beneficial effect of the proposed mixture on the acceleration of recovery processes in multiple organ failure.

Example 4

To test the effectiveness of the claimed invention, additional experimental studies were carried out under hypoxic conditions. To do this, 20 white outbred male rats weighing 200±10 g were divided into two experimental groups of 10 animals. Each rat was placed in a separate vacuum desiccator with a usable volume of 4 L, which was then sealed. Each desiccator was provided with an inflow and outflow of air (due to a system of valves and hoses attached to them).

In the first group (control group), during the first 10 minutes, the inflow and outflow of atmospheric air was maintained, after which the valves were closed and life expectancy was recorded. In the second group (experimental group), during the first 10 minutes, instead of air, the inventive gas mixture was supplied through the valves (hoses), including 20% krypton, 30% argon, 19% oxygen and 31% nitrogen, after which the hoses were blocked and the duration was recorded. life. The results obtained are presented in table 2.

Table 2 - comparison of the time of death of animals in a sealed volume, in a normal atmosphere in the atmosphere of the inventive gas mixture

Control group (group 1) Experimental group (Group 2) No. p / p Time of death, min No. p / p Mine death time one 19 eleven 32 2 31 12 45 3 thirty 13 38 four 26 fourteen 37 5 24 fifteen 40 6 28 16 34 7 29 17 41 eight 26 eighteen 32 9 thirty 19 thirty ten 25 twenty 39 Median 27.0 Median 37.5 Q1 25.0 Q1 32.0 Q3 30.0 Q3 40.0

In the first group, the survival time was 27.0 minutes (25.0; 30.0), in the second group - 37.5 minutes (32.0; 40.0). Comparison of the data obtained using the Wilcoxon test showed that the differences between the two groups are statistically significant (p=0.008).

The experiment showed that the claimed respiratory gas mixture contributes to better survival in hypoxic conditions.

Thus, the claimed invention provides a reduction in the risk of side effects while providing the possibility of effectively maintaining physiological parameters and accelerating recovery processes during the development of conditions accompanied by various types of hypoxia.

Claims (10)

1. Respiratory gas mixture to maintain physiological parameters and accelerate recovery processes during the development of conditions accompanied by various types of hypoxia, including argon, oxygen and nitrogen, characterized in that it contains krypton in the following ratios of components, vol. %: krypton 1-79 argon 1-79 oxygen 19-24 nitrogen rest 2. Breathing mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains 5-30 vol. % krypton. 3. Breathing mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains 20-30 vol. % krypton. 4. Breathing mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains 5-30 vol. % argon. 5. A method for maintaining physiological parameters and accelerating recovery processes under conditions accompanied by various types of hypoxia, during which the patient is transferred to a breathing mode with a gas mixture including argon, oxygen and nitrogen, characterized in that a gas mixture is used that also includes krypton in the following ratios components, about. %: Krypton 1-79 Argon 1-79 Oxygen 19-24 Nitrogen rest 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that using a respiratory mixture containing 5-30 vol. % krypton. 7. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that using a respiratory mixture containing 20-30 vol. % krypton. 8. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that using a respiratory mixture containing 5-30 vol. % argon.