RU2774744C1 - Multilayer heat-insulating textile material for an inserted warming stocking for winter footwear - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: textiles.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the textile industry, namely, to production of multilayer heat-insulating materials used in the production of winter footwear as an inserted warming stocking for winter footwear, for example, high boots. The multilayer heat-insulating textile material is made flexible and includes a front layer in the form of a polymer metallised film, a second layer in the form of a non-woven fabric made of chemical fibres, a third layer in the form of a polymer metallised film, a fourth layer in the form of a non-woven camel wool fabric; the fifth layer is the foot-facing inner layer in the form of artificial fur made of camel wool, wherein the first four layers are fastened by the needle-punch method, and the fifth layer is attached to the first four layers by an adhesive method.

EFFECT: material exhibits high operating characteristics, primarily heat-protective properties, due to the increase in the heat resistance thereof and the increase in the comfort thereof on the foot of the wearer.

2 cl, 3 dwg, 5 tbl, 2 ex

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to the textile industry, namely, to the production of multilayer heat-insulating materials used in the manufacture of winter shoes for special purposes, used in extreme conditions to protect the feet at temperatures up to minus 60°C, mainly as work shoes and shoes used for hunting, fishing and other types of active winter recreation and can be used to make insulated winter boots. In particular, the invention can be used as an insulating stocking for winter footwear, such as boots.

State of the art

Due to the different climatic conditions of our country and the increase in the contingent of people working outdoors in northern conditions, in order to protect a person from the effects of low temperatures, special shoes should be made that would ensure the creation of comfortable conditions during the period of wear, which is due to the mode of being in these conditions. conditions.

Insulated footwear must have a certain set of protective properties that would ensure the safety of the worker in specific "special" conditions.

In addition, it is necessary to remember about the comfort of shoes, and this is the ability of shoes to maintain a microclimate that is most favorable for the foot (temperature, humidity, biological factors).

The air temperature inside the shoe is of great importance for the physiological functions of a person, his well-being and performance.

Footwear designed taking into account climatic features will expand the comfort zone, increase working capacity, and in some cases protect against certain diseases.

It is known that hypothermia of the legs leads to massive colds, and if we take extreme cases of human cooling - frostbite, then in seven cases out of every ten the lower limbs suffer. The well-being of a person and the productivity of workers of various professions depend on the conditions in which people's feet are located.

However, even if the human body is not exposed to cold to such an extent that frostbite occurs, then very often the cooling of the body, including the limbs, causes painful phenomena, various colds.

It should be noted the huge role of the foot, which is a large "reservoir of heat" and is involved in the body's heat exchange.

A change in the temperature of the extremities plays the role of a buffer for the body as a whole and ensures the constancy of the temperature of the visceral organs and their normal operation.

The best textile heat-insulating materials are those fibrous-porous materials that contain in their structure a large number of closed pores filled with air.

Tables 1 and 2 below show the thermal characteristics of some materials used in the manufacture of footwear, as well as water and air [see. "Features of human protection from exposure to low temperatures: monograph", under the general editorship of prof. V.T. Prokhorova, Mines: publishing house of GOU VPO "YURGUES", 2008. - 316; Filippov A.D., Shustov Yu.S. "Research of the thermal properties of insulating materials for shoes", Collection of scientific papers dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the Department of Materials Science and Commodity Expertise. Moscow: RGU im. A.N. Kosygina, 2019. - S. 54-61; Belousov V.P. "Method and example of thermal calculation of winter shoes", Leather and footwear industry. - 1989. - No. 2. - S. 70-73].

Needle-punched non-woven materials, natural, synthetic and artificial furs contain predominantly open pores in their structure, therefore, the objective of this invention was to create a heat-shielding material for shoes with predominantly closed pores, but maintaining its vapor permeability, breathability, hygienic and deformation-strength properties.

As a result of the use of polymeric metallized films that reflect the heat generated by the human foot, the total thermal resistance increases due to the “thermos” effect, and the perforation of the films with needles when connecting the layers allows you to maintain the necessary permeability of the material and ensure comfortable moisture exchange in the undershoe space [see Fig. patent RU 2692274 C1, published 06/24/2019].

At the moment, there are many developments aimed at creating various products for warming shoes, in particular, warming socks or stockings.

From the utility model patent RU 24075 U1, published on 07/27/2002, winter removable insoles for shoes made of porous material are known, while the insoles are made in two layers, and between the layers there is a flexible film or foil with a reflection coefficient of at least 0, which reflects thermal radiation on both sides, 8, wherein the insoles are made in the form of interchangeable socks.

From the utility model patent RU 58307 U1, published on November 27, 2006, which can be taken as a prototype, combined boots for hunters and fishermen are known, containing a rubber overshoe with a corrugated bottom. The top of the boot is made of rubber-textile material attached to the rubber galosh, rubber ribbons glued and stitched on the connecting seams enhance the effect of waterproof boots. From above, the bootleg ends with an attached cuff and is pulled together with a cord; The stocking in the boot is made of felt, for the manufacture of which, as is well known, sheep's wool has long been used (see Kirsanova R.M., “Costume in Russian artistic culture of the 18th - first half of the 20th century”, Great Russian Encyclopedia, 1995, p. 295, Col. 1).

The disadvantage of the known stockings is unsatisfactory heat-shielding and other properties and comfort for the consumer, as a result of which it is difficult and inefficient to use such products at temperatures up to minus 60°C.

Thus, the objective of this invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and to create an insulating material for winter boots that can effectively protect feet from frostbite at temperatures down to minus 60°C.

List of drawings

In FIG. 1-3 are tables with images of comparative samples of the claimed material and known.

Disclosure of invention

The technical objective of this invention is to create a warming material for winter boots with improved performance, primarily the heat-shielding properties of a multilayer textile material by increasing its thermal resistance and increasing comfort for the user's foot. The material effectively protects feet from frostbite at temperatures down to minus 60°C. Also, this invention allows you to expand the range of products for this purpose.

To achieve the specified technical result and solve the set technical problem, a multilayer textile heat-insulating material is proposed, which is made flexible and includes (consists of at least five layers) the front layer in the form of a polymeric metallized film, the second layer in the form of a non-woven fabric made of chemical fibers , the third layer in the form of a polymeric metallized film, the fourth layer in the form of a non-woven fabric made of camel hair, the fifth layer (the inner layer facing the foot) in the form of artificial camel hair fur, the first four layers being needle-punched, and the fifth layer attached to the first four layers of glue.

More specifically, a textile multilayer heat-insulating material is proposed for an insulating stocking in winter shoes, in particular, boots, consisting of five layers:

- the first (front, facing the underside of the shoe) layer of a polymeric metallized film with a thickness of 25-120 microns;

- the second layer of non-woven material made of polyester fibers with a surface density of 200-350 g/m ² ;

- the third layer of a polymeric metallized film with a thickness of 25-120 microns;

- a fourth layer of non-woven fabric made of wool, preferably camel, with a surface density of 250-600 g/m ² with the possible addition of up to 20% polyester fibers;

- the fifth (inner, facing the human foot) layer - artificial fur made of wool, preferably camel, with a surface density of 400-680 g / m ² and a pile height of 12-25 mm with the possible addition of up to 20% polyester fibers,

wherein the first four layers are fastened by a needle-punched method, and the fifth layer is attached to the first four by an adhesive method.

The claimed technical result is achieved due to the structure and composition of the multilayer material.

The first layer (outer), which is a metallized film, serves as a barrier on the way of cold air from the undershoe space to the foot and at the same time beats heat back towards the foot. In addition, it does not interfere with the removal of condensate due to perforation.

The second layer, which is a needle-punched non-woven material made of polyester fibers, in addition to the heat-insulating function, provides the necessary ventilation and removal of condensate from the foot.

The third layer, which is a metallized film, performs functions similar to the first layer.

The first and third layers reduce the process of return of condensed moisture to the foot, cutting it off and not preventing the removal of steam to the outer layers, exclude the dissipation of accumulated heat due to radiant reflection in the inner volume of the shoe, which increases the temperature of the layer in contact with the foot. In addition, these layers increase the total thermal resistance.

The fourth layer, which is a needle-punched non-woven material made of camel hair, tow or down, performs a heat-insulating function.

The fifth layer (inner), which is an artificial fur on a knitted basis, made of camel wool, tow or down, performs a heat-insulating function.

The fourth and fifth layers ensure the transfer of moisture from the foot to the overlying layer, retain heat even when wet, absorb moisture well, remaining dry to the touch, providing dry warmth.

When these functional layers are combined, a multilayer system is formed, which provides the foot with comfortable conditions at any temperature.

In this case, the first four layers are fastened by a needle-punched method. The bonding process is carried out on needle-punched machines. The process of needling the canvas is based on the use of the pressure of the notches (notches) of the needles, which, passing through the canvas, stretch (entangle) the fibers in the transverse direction. Thus, punching needles are the working body of a needle-punching machine. The quality and type of products produced largely depends on the quality of the needles used. The design and dimensions of the needles determine the parameters of the technological process: the depth of piercing, the density of piercing, etc. A specialist in this field will easily select the necessary modes of a needle-punching machine to create a product with the necessary parameters.

The fifth layer of material is glued to the first four. In this case, any non-toxic adhesive used in the shoe industry can be used.

Any wool of animal origin can in principle be used as natural materials in the stocking according to the invention, in view of the fact that any wool of animal origin has heat-insulating and heat-retaining properties, however, camel hair is predominantly used.

If we compare the structure of sheep and camel wool, then the first one has a high density, is covered with small scales and is highly crimped. As for the second (camel), it is incredibly light due to the hollow structure of the hair.

This structure of wool provides the lowest thermal conductivity and allows wool to retain heat without letting it out, but at the same time not interfere with the natural circulation of air. Camel hair gives dry warmth, eliminating excess moisture, instantly absorbing it. The outer surface of the camel wool fibers is resistant to moisture penetration, and the inner surface has absorbent properties up to 30% of its own weight (recommended for people with excessive sweating, with a weakened immune system, the elderly, as a prevention of colds).

Camels tolerate temperature fluctuations of up to 50 degrees, but their skin has a constant temperature all the time. Thanks to their wool, camels cope well with temperature fluctuations. Due to the high hygroscopicity, camel hair provides the body with dry heat - it is this that protects the animal in natural conditions from overheating and hypothermia. Therefore, in products made from it, a person never sweats.

The dry heat generated by the product is suitable for wearing by people with excessive sweating.

Camel hair and down are valued not only for their unique technical characteristics (strength, thermal insulation, hygroscopicity), but also for their healing properties. This material is used to treat many diseases - arthritis, rheumatism, sciatica. It is believed that it can relieve inflammation, has an analgesic effect. It is an environmentally friendly hypoallergenic product, so when it comes into contact with the skin, irritation and redness do not appear even after prolonged wear.

Camel hair and down are not electrified and are better than others in removing static stress, have the ability to repel dust.

Residual lanolin contained in wool has a beneficial effect on the circulatory system, improves skin condition, strengthens muscles and joints, and removes toxins from the body. Lanolin improves the general condition, relieves some inflammation, periodic muscle pain. Camel hair is a natural antiseptic.

The imperceptible effect of camel hair on the skin is micromassage. Small villi provide a delicate skin massage, which stimulates blood circulation, eliminates inflammation on the skin, swelling.

Unlike similar materials, the coat of this animal is easy to care for, it does not roll down even after prolonged use.

At low temperatures, moisture evaporating from the surface of the foot condenses and is absorbed by the inner surfaces of the liner (layers 4 and 5) up to 33% of its own weight, remaining dry to the touch, while the air in the hollow fibers of camel hair is a natural thermal insulation between the foot and the outer layers liner.

Hygroscopicity, that is, the ability to absorb moisture (sweat), is a very important property of wool. According to this indicator, wool surpasses all natural, artificial and synthetic fibers.

At the same time, the complex design of the claimed stocking, even when its elements are made of sheep's wool, also surpasses in its characteristics the closest analogue, in which the stocking is made of single-layer felt, i. from sheep's wool.

The use of layers with a certain layer thickness, surface density and pile height is due to the creation of a stocking of a certain comfortable thickness, which does not lose its thermal properties, is comfortable for the user in terms of sensations. The use of less than stated, the thickness of the layers does not give the desired effect on thermal protection. Such material is too thin to provide protection in severe frosts (up to minus 60°C).

Below are examples that confirm the claimed technical result.

Implementation of the invention

The possibility of carrying out the invention was confirmed by tests.

Example 1

A heat-insulating material was made in accordance with the claims. The layout of the layers of the specified material is shown below.

1 layer: polymeric metallized film 40 microns thick;

2nd layer: felt with a needle-punched surface density of 200 g/m ² from 100% polyester fiber 7De*64mm;

3 layer: polymeric metallized film 40 microns thick;

4th layer: needle-punched felt with a surface density of 550 g/m ² made of 80% camel wool and 20% PE fiber;

5th layer: artificial fur on a knitted basis with a surface density of 520 g / m ² from 80% camel wool and 20% PE fibers with a pile height of 14 mm.

Example 2

The material is similar in structure to the material from Example 1. The difference is the replacement of camel wool with merino sheep wool in the same percentage.

The appearance of the samples is presented in table 3 in Fig. one.

Tables 4 and 5 show the results of comparative tests of the produced materials. In FIG. 2 and 3 are tables of comparative tests of the appearance of products. In FIG. 2 shows the results of the abrasion test, and FIG. 3 pilling of samples.

The study of the effect of high-cycle compression was carried out on an Instron 4411 series test system using a special compression nozzle. After each compression cycle, the thickness of the samples without pressure was measured. The thickness after compression is shown in Table 5.

Sample 1 has the best resistance to abrasion. After 2000 cycles, the structure of the sample was not significantly disturbed, only the fur began to fluff up a little more.

The pilling ability of the samples was determined using a Weartester instrument (Hungarian-made, Metrimpeks).

Test conditions: sample diameter - 245 mm; load on the sample - 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 kg, the speed of movement of the lower table with fixed samples - 30 rpm, the movement of the sample is non-orientable. Abrasive - sandpaper or gray overcoat cloth with a diameter of 50 mm.

When determining the pilling ability (Fig. 3), regardless of the moisture content of the sample, the structure was subjected to changes. The structure of sample 2 underwent the most noticeable changes.

An analysis of the experimental data results shows the following:

- the total thermal resistance of Sample 1 (both dry and wet) is 50% higher than that of Sample 2;

- Sample 1 in its thermal characteristics surpasses even expensive natural furs;

- indicators of hygroscopicity, air permeability and vapor permeability of Sample 1 are better than those of Sample 2;

- the resistance to repeated compression of Sample 1 is significantly higher than that of Sample 2 both in dry and wet conditions;

- abrasion resistance of Sample 1 is 32.6% higher than that of Sample 2;

- the peel strength of Sample 1 is 14.2 - 18.2% higher than that of Sample 2;

- all other studied indicators are within acceptable limits for this type of product.

The tests carried out show the possibility of achieving the claimed technical result and the possibility of realizing the purpose.

Claims (8)

1. Textile multilayer heat-insulating material for an insulating stocking in winter shoes, consisting of the following five layers: - the first front, facing the wrong side of the shoe, a layer of polymeric metallized film with a thickness of 25-120 microns; - the second layer of non-woven material made of polyester fibers with a surface density of 200-350 g/m ² ; - the third layer of a polymeric metallized film with a thickness of 25-120 microns; - the fourth layer of non-woven fabric made of wool with a surface density of 250-600 g/m ² with or without the addition of up to 20 wt.% polyester fibers; - the fifth inner, facing the human foot, layer of artificial fur made of wool with a surface density of 400-680 g/m ² and a pile height of 12-25 mm with or without the addition of up to 20 wt. % polyester fibers; moreover, the first four layers are fastened with a needle-punched method, and the fifth layer is attached to the first four with an adhesive method. 2. Textile multilayer heat-insulating material according to claim 1, characterized in that camel hair is used in the fourth and fifth layers of the material.

Images