RU2692274C1 - Heat-insulating textile material with high reflecting capacity - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: satisfaction of vital human requirements.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to multilayer heat-insulating materials and can be used in production of indoor or outdoor clothes, including overalls for work in autumn-winter period in open air, workers of cold warehouses and shops, rescue equipment, clothes for motorcyclists and climbers. Besides, proposed invention can be used in production of shoes, sleeping bags, blankets and cape for prevention of overcooling, tents, tents for camping tents, tourist mats. Heat-insulating textile material consists of three layers serially connected and fixed with a needle-punched method. First layer is textile material with surface density of not less than 200 g/m, exposed to textile rupture on both sides, consisting of natural or synthetic fibers or mixtures thereof. Second layer is a polyethylene film with thickness of 40 mcm with one-sided or double-sided vacuum deposition of aluminum nanoparticles. Third layer is a mesh with surface density of 25 to 150 g/m, made by means of a knitted method of polyester threads with cell size from 1.0 to 4.0 mm.EFFECT: provision of air permeability and vapour permeability of material, and consequently, comfort of microclimate of item, provision of hygienic and ecological properties of item due to fastening of layers by needle-punching method, increased elasticity and resistance to multiple bending and stretching, in this connection invention can be used in production of clothes and shoes, low cost and labour input of obtaining material, high reflecting power of the material in the infrared region of the spectrum and providing a heat-shielding effect, owing to which heat released by the human body is screened and returned to a reliable space, increasing total heat resistance.4 cl, 9 dwg

Description

The invention relates to multilayer insulating materials and can be used in the production of indoor or outdoor clothing, including overalls for work in the autumn-winter period in the open air, workers in cold warehouses and workshops (vegetable stores, enterprises processing fish and meat products, industrial refrigerators, etc. p.), rescue clothing, clothing for motorcyclists and climbers. In addition, the claimed invention can be used in the manufacture of shoes (linings, pads and liners for shoes), sleeping bags, blankets and capes for the prevention of hypothermia, tents, bedding for tents, travel mats.

Thermophysical properties of textile materials are important in the design of clothing and footwear with desired heat-shielding properties and their operation in various climatic, industrial and living conditions.

Textile materials have a complex porous structure consisting of fibers and air-filled pores. The pores are located both between the fibers and inside them; their shapes and sizes are diverse: micro and macrocapillaries, through and closed. The transfer of heat in such materials with a non-uniform porous structure is due to the thermal conductivity of the fibers and air located in closed pores, convection through through pores, and heat radiation from the pore walls. Therefore, the coefficient of thermal conductivity of textile materials is conditional: it characterizes the ability of a material to transfer thermal energy not only due to thermal conductivity, but also by convection and heat radiation.

Considering that textile materials have high porosity, a relatively small contact area between individual fibers and differ little in thermal conductivity, their thermal conductivity is largely determined by the thermal conductivity of air in closed pores and convection through open pores. With an increase in the porosity of the structure to a certain limit, the thermal conductivity of textile materials decreases, since the thermal conductivity of air is lower than the thermal conductivity of the fibers. However, with further increase in porosity, when open through pores appear, the thermal conductivity of materials increases, as convection begins to play an important role.

The process of heat transfer is very complicated. There are three ways of heat transfer: thermal conductivity, convection and thermal radiation.

Thermal conductivity - the process of heat transfer in a solid, stationary liquid or gas between areas with different temperatures. The mechanism of heat conduction is associated with the thermal motion of microparticles (atoms, molecules) of the body and the energy interaction between them.

Convection is the process of transferring heat in a liquid or gas by moving their particles.

Heat radiation is the transfer of heat in the form of electromagnetic waves: the thermal energy radiated by the body into the surrounding space turns into radiant energy, and when the body absorbs the radiant energy it turns into thermal energy.

The rays of the infrared part of the spectrum a person feels directly by the skin - as warm.

The prior art heat-insulating textile material with high heat transfer (patent GB 2207884 A, IPC A41D 31/02, A47G 9/02, A61F 13/00, B32B 15/14, D06N 3/00, D06N 3/04, D06N 3 / 12, D06N 7/00, published 02/15/1989), intended for the manufacture of clothing, including clothing for cyclists, motorcyclists, climbers, skiers; swimwear and clothing for divers; rescue clothing; footwear; sleeping bags, tents; medical blankets and clothing. Known material consists of three layers bonded with glue. The first layer is a textile material made from non-woven fabric, consisting of a polypropylene flat tape with a fibrous composition containing approximately 30% nylon and 70% viscose. In the normal, uncompressed state, the material has a density of about 7.5 ounces per square yard. The second layer is a polyester mylar film having a thin aluminum coating applied on both sides. For the human eye, the reflective foil consists of a thin mirror film that reflects visible light, but the most important optical property of the foil is its reflectivity with respect to the infrared range of light. The third layer is a 23 μm thick polyethylene layer (in the second embodiment, see FIG. 3).

The disadvantage of the known invention is that the material does not provide breathability and vapor permeability, and therefore, the comfort of the microclimate of the product. In addition, adhesive bonding of layers of material does not provide hygienic and environmental properties of the product.

The prior art is a flexible multilayer insulating material (RF patent for the invention No. 2194915 C2, IPC F16L 59/08, F16L 59/02, published 12/20/2002), which provides reflection of infrared radiation. Layers are bonded with an adhesive. In particular, one of the embodiments of the known material is the following: the first layer is a woven layer (nylon, silk, tarpaulin, semi-tarpaulin, belting, parachute fabric, fiberglass, silica fabric, basalt fabric) or nonwoven material (glass, silica, basalt, felt material, glass wool and basalt wool, foamed polymers), the second layer is metallic, the third layer is, for example, a protective layer (option, illustrated in Fig. 2) or a reinforcing mesh (option in Fig. 7). The metal layer, in particular, can be made of aluminum in the form of a metal foil with a thickness of 0.3-100 microns. The third layer - protective - is made to protect the front surface of the metal, reinforcing - in order to impart additional strength properties to the material for bending, wear resistance, stretching. Known invention is used for the manufacture of barriers to the spread of fire, pipe insulation, flame retardant covers.

The disadvantage is that the material is not elastic and is not resistant to repeated bending and stretching due to its composition of a metal layer made of foil. As a consequence, the known invention cannot be used in the manufacture of clothes and shoes.

The prior art composite textile material with high protective and insulating characteristics (RF patent for useful model No. 177473 U1, IPC A41D 27/00, published 02.26.2018). The known material consists of interconnected inner (first layer) and outer (third layer) packages with heat insulating nonwoven materials, while between two packages there is a material (second layer) reflecting infrared radiation. The first layer may consist of fleece, spunbond (nonwoven fabric), padding polyester, holofiber, tinsuleyt, primaloft. The second layer may consist, in particular, of aluminum. The third layer may consist of spunbond, polyester (polyester, polyamide, polypropylene). Layers can be bonded with adhesive or thermal methods.

The disadvantages of the known invention are:

- bonding layers of material in an adhesive way does not provide hygienic and environmental properties,

- an intermediate layer made of aluminum does not provide the elasticity of the material, resistance to repeated bending and stretching.

The prior art known material with a coating that reflects infrared radiation (RF patent for the invention №2127194 C1, IPC B32 5/18, published 03.10.1999). The known material contains at least one metallized microporous membrane (second layer), duplicated with at least one more layer of textile material (first and / or third layers). Layers are bonded with glue or thermal fusion. In the second layer, the membrane (film) is made of microporous polytetrafluoroethylene foamed, and the metal can be aluminum. The thickness of the metal coating is 0.001-0.125 inches. Textile material in the first and / or third layer can be a silk, nylon, knitwear. Known material used for the manufacture of camouflage clothing.

The disadvantages of the known invention include the high cost and laboriousness of obtaining material by pressing, as well as the impossibility of shielding a person covered with such material in the near, middle and far regions of the spectrum, since the material does not provide a heat-shielding effect. In addition, the bonding of layers of material by the adhesive method does not provide hygienic and ecological properties, and the intermediate layer, made of aluminum, does not provide elasticity of the material, resistance to repeated bending and stretching.

The prior art multilayer insulating material (RF patent for the invention №2415622 C1, IPC A41D 31/02, published 04/10/2011), which can be used for special purpose clothing, mobile coatings - tents, awnings. The known heat insulating material consists of a first layer made of a textile material, a third layer in the form of structural elements of a textile material, and a second layer in the form of a metallized coating formed on the inner surface of said structural elements. In particular, aluminum can be used as a metallized coating. Layers can be bonded with a filler, glue, filament-glue or welded process. Known material is designed to provide the camouflaging effect of a biological object at night.

The disadvantages of the known invention include the high cost and laboriousness of obtaining the material, as well as the exclusion of air permeability and vapor permeability of the material due to the deposition of a thermoplastic polymer and a metallized coating on the base layer.

The prior art material is known, reflecting infrared radiation, consisting of three layers (RF patent for the invention №2403328, IPC D03D 11/00, published 10.11.2010). The first layer is a textile material consisting of water-repellent polyester. The surface density is about 160-265 g / m ² . The second layer is a metallized layer of titanium nitride deposited on the third layer at the atomic-molecular level in the amount of 1-2 g / m ² , up to 100 nm thick. The second layer provides thermal insulation, significantly weakens the heat transfer and contributes to the reflection of infrared radiation. The third layer is a microporous membrane layer of thermoplastic polyurethane resin with a pore size of 1.3-1.6⋅10 ^-6 m.

The disadvantages of the known invention is the elimination of air permeability and vapor permeability of the material due to the presence of a layer of thermoplastic polyurethane resin, a continuous metallized layer and water-repellent impregnation.

Heat-insulating material for the manufacture of thin and wind-proof clothing (patent CN 204335918 U, IPC A41D 31/02, A41D 1/00, published 05/20/2015) consisting of three layers is known from the state of the art: a layer (10) of a wind-proof waterproof film (microporous polytetrafluoroethylene film), knitted polyester fabric (20) and a layer (30) of aluminum in the form of a mesh, sprayed on a polyester knitted fabric. Polytetrafluoroethylene layer (10) contains micropores with a diameter of 0.1-0.5 μm.

The disadvantages of the known invention include the high cost of components and the complexity of obtaining material by the method of lamination.

The prior art insulation material (patent CN 103584388 A, IPC A41D 31/02, B32B 15/09, B32B 15/20, B32B 27/12, B32B 27/02, published 02/19/2014), consisting of three layers: aluminum foil with a thickness of 0.01 mm, a layer of polyester film (polyethylene terephthalate) and a layer of basic fabric (aramid fiber). The known invention relates to the field of protection against fire and high temperatures.

The disadvantages are the exclusion of air permeability and vapor permeability of the material due to the presence in the composition of solid layers of aluminum foil and polyester film.

The claimed invention is a heat-insulating textile material consisting of three layers with certain characteristics, held together by needle-punching method, made elastic, breathable, vapor-permeable, at the same time having a high heat-reflecting ability, that is, shielding the heat released by the human body and returning it to the underwear space.

The technical result of the claimed invention is:

- ensuring air permeability and vapor permeability of the material, and, consequently, the comfort of the microclimate of the product,

- ensuring hygienic and environmental properties of the product due to the bonding of layers of needle-punched method,

- increase elasticity and resistance to repeated bending and stretching, and therefore the invention can be used in the manufacture of clothing and footwear,

- reducing the cost and complexity of obtaining (manufacturing, development) of the material,

- increasing the reflectivity of the material in the infrared region of the spectrum and providing a heat-shielding effect, due to which the heat released by the human body is shielded and returns to the space under the veil,

- increase in total thermal resistance.

The essence of the claimed invention lies in the fact that the heat-insulating textile material with high reflectivity consists of three layers connected in series and fastened by needle-punching method: the first layer, which is a textile material with a surface density of at least 200 g / m ² , which has been nailed from both sides, consisting of natural fibers or their mixtures with synthetic fibers with the possible insertion of synthetic fibers in an amount up to 100%, the second layer, which is olietilenovuyu film of 40 microns thick with one or both sides by vacuum evaporation of aluminum nanoparticles and a third layer comprising a mesh having a basis weight of 25 to 150 g / m ² formed by the method of knitted polyester yarn with a mesh size of from 1.0 to 4, 0 mm. At the same time as a textile material for the first layer, you can use a fabric or knit fabric or nonwoven fabric.

The invention is illustrated by the following graphic materials.

FIG. 1 shows the design of the claimed thermal insulation textile material, where 1 is the first layer of material (insulation), 2 is the second layer of material (intermediate) with aluminum nanoparticles spraying, 3 is the third layer of material is a net of polyester filaments.

FIG. 2 shows the appearance of the first layer of material (insulation).

FIG. 3 shows the appearance of the second layer of material.

FIG. 4 shows the appearance of the material from the third layer.

FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of an instrument for determining heat-reflecting properties, where 4 is a source of thermal radiation, 5 is a temperature sensor on the outside of the sample, 6 is a temperature sensor on the inside of the sample.

FIG. 6 shows a table illustrating the results of comparative tests of the control and test specimens.

FIG. 7 shows a table illustrating the reflectivity of the test sample (composite material) depending on the exposure time and the heat flux temperature.

FIG. 8 shows a table illustrating the reflectivity of the control sample (tissue-insulation) depending on the exposure time and the temperature of the heat flux.

FIG. 9 shows a table illustrating the reflectivity of the control and test specimens depending on the heat flux temperature.

Thermal insulation textile material according to the invention consists of three layers connected in series: the first 1, the second 2 and the third 3 (Fig. 1).

The first layer 1 performs the function of heat insulation and is a textile material with a pile on both sides with a surface density of at least 200 g / m ² .

Napping from both sides of the material (from the face and inside) is used to give volume to increase the air gap and to improve the heat insulating properties.

As a textile material for the first layer 1, you can use a fabric or knit fabric or a nonwoven fabric. The first layer 1 consists of natural fibers or synthetic fibers or mixtures of natural and synthetic fibers with a possible investment of synthetic fibers in an amount up to 100%. The purpose of the first layer is to provide high thermal resistance and specific heat capacity of the material. The appearance of the first layer of material is shown in FIG. 2

The second layer 2 (see Fig. 1) is a polyethylene film with a thickness of 40 μm with one-sided or two-sided vacuum deposition of aluminum nanoparticles (metallized film). The purpose of the intermediate layer is to increase the reflectivity of the material in the infrared region of the spectrum. The reflection of the heat flux, provided by the second layer 2, in turn, provides an additional influx of heat to the human body, creating comfortable conditions at low temperatures. In addition, the second layer 2 is a good protection from the wind. The appearance of the second layer of material is shown in FIG. 3

The third layer 3 (see Fig. 1) is a mesh with a surface density of from 25 to 150 g / m ² , made by knitting from polyester yarns with a mesh size of 1.0 to 4.0 mm. The purpose of the third layer is to prevent the deposition of spraying from the film during mechanical effects, i.e. protection of the second layer 2 material. In addition, the third layer 3 gives the exterior of the composite heat insulating material a pleasant appearance, which is of course positive for the competitiveness of products made from these materials. The appearance of the material from the third layer is shown in FIG. four.

The second layer 2 is intermediate and is located between the first 1 and third 3 layers (Fig. 1).

The first 1, second 2 and third 3 layers are fastened in an igloprobivny way. The needle punching method of bonding material layers solves the problem of delaying the film (second layer 2) of vapor molecules and creating a “thermos” effect, since the needle holes are filled with fibers from the base of the composite material (first layer 1), which, preventing heat from escaping through the holes, the possibility of the removal of vapor molecules from the underwear space. This is confirmed by the results of comparative tests of heat insulating materials with metallized film (second layer 2) and without it.

For the manufacture of the proposed heat-insulating textile material with a high reflectivity, domestic raw materials can be used, and products made from it can be manufactured in domestic enterprises using existing equipment.

To determine the heat-reflecting properties, a specially designed device is used (Fig. 5), which allows measurements of the heat flux passing through the test material and the heat flux reflected from it. The device for determining the heat-reflecting properties contains a source of thermal radiation 4, a thermal sensor 5 on the outer side of the sample, a thermal sensor 6 on the inner side of the sample. The distance between the heat source 4 and the temperature sensor 5 on the outside of the sample is 5 cm.

The principle of operation of the device: a source of thermal radiation 4 generates heat flux, which is supplied to the outer side of the test sample. Measurements of the temperature of the heat flux are made by thermal sensors on the front 5 and on the wrong side of the 6 sides of the sample. The time of exposure to the heat flow and the temperature of the flow vary. Test results are automatically recorded on external media.

The following is an example embodiment of the invention.

Example 1

In the manufacture of the experimental sample, as the first layer, which is the main heat insulating layer, fabric with a surface density of 450 g / m ² with the following characteristics was used:

- base - textured polyester thread dyed in the mass of pneumo-attached TU 2272-004-75726789-2014 with a nominal linear density of 65 tex,

- weft - regenerated raw material yarn (loose fiber knitwear production of the following composition: wool - 23%, nitron - 58%, polyester - 19%) with a nominal linear density of 166 tex.

The first layer of material was tucked from two sides - from the face and inside out.

As a second layer of material for obtaining heat-reflecting properties, a polyethylene film PE-P-SP 40 × 1600 with a thickness of 40 μm was used, which was coated with aluminum nanoparticles under vacuum conditions. This film provides a reflection of up to 97% of the heat flux.

As the third layer used knitted mesh art. K95-160 weighing 120 g / m ² of polyester yarn. The third layer of material is attached to a two-layer fabric from the side of the metallized film (the second layer of material).

Binding of all three layers was carried out by the method of needling.

In the tables shown in FIG. 6-9, shows the results of comparative tests of materials. As a control sample, a heater was used (according to the characteristics corresponding to the first layer of material according to the claimed invention) - “sample 1”. As a test sample, the developed three-layer material according to the claimed invention was used with the characteristics of the layers indicated above in this example - “sample 2”.

To determine the heat-reflecting properties, the device shown in FIG. 5. The power of the source of thermal radiation received on the outside of the samples is 3 kW, the emitter temperature is 510 ° C, the area of the samples of materials is 0.045 m ² each. Temperature sensor 5 on the outside of the sample and temperature sensor 6 on the inside of the sample measured the temperature of the heat flow. The test results of the comparative tests of sample 1 and sample 2 are shown in FIG. 6

FIG. 7 shows the results illustrating the reflectivity of the composite material - sample 2 - depending on the exposure time and the heat flux temperature. FIG. 8 shows the results illustrating the reflectivity of the fabric (insulation) - sample 1 - depending on the exposure time and the temperature of the heat flux. FIG. 9 shows the results illustrating the reflectivity of samples 1 and 2 depending on the heat flux temperature.

The results of the tests are as follows:

- strength characteristics (breaking load and elongation at break) of the compared samples - control and test - are at the same level,

- vapor permeability of samples is almost at the same level: 7.0 mg / cm ² ⋅ h in the test sample against 8.6 mg / cm ² h in the control sample,

- material rigidity increases by 19.7% in length and by 30.7% in width, and breathability decreases by 27.9%, which is within acceptable limits,

- total heat resistance increases by 5.9%,

- the heat-reflecting ability of the control sample with a time of exposure to heat flow of 240 seconds almost decreases to zero, while the test sample is 47.9%,

- heat reflecting ability of the test sample compared with the control sample when the temperature of the heat flux at 34 ° C (from 55 ° C to 89 ° C) increases 5.3% to 38.9%.

Thus, the invention allows:

- to ensure the permeability and vapor permeability of the material, and, consequently, the comfort of the microclimate of the product,

- to ensure the hygienic and environmental properties of the product due to the bonding of layers of needles,

- to increase the elasticity and resistance to repeated bending and stretching, and therefore the invention can be used in the manufacture of clothing and footwear,

- reduce the cost and labor-intensive production (manufacture, development) of the material,

- to increase the reflectivity of the material in the infrared region of the spectrum and to provide a heat-shielding effect, due to which the heat released by the human body is shielded and returns to the space provided by

- to increase the total thermal resistance.

Claims (4)

1. Heat-insulating textile material with a high reflectivity, consisting of three layers, connected in series and fastened in a needle-punching manner, the first layer, which is a textile material with a density of not less than 200 g / m ² , composed of natural fibers or their mixtures with synthetic fibers with the possible insertion of synthetic fibers in an amount up to 100%, of the second layer, which is a polyethylene film with a thickness of 40 microns with one side him or double-sided vacuum deposition of aluminum nanoparticles, and the third layer, which is a mesh with a surface density of from 25 to 150 g / m ² , made in the knit method of polyester yarns with a mesh size of 1.0 to 4.0 mm. 2. The material under item 1, characterized in that as the textile material for the first layer using cloth. 3. The material under item 1, characterized in that as a textile material for the first layer using knitwear. 4. The material under item 1, characterized in that as a textile material for the first layer using a nonwoven fabric.

Images