RU2774704C1 - Installation for complex phytoremediation and vermifiltration of wastewater and bottom sediments - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wastewater biological treatment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices for the biological treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater and bottom sediments. Installation for complex phytoremediation and vermifiltration of wastewater and bottom sediments contains an aquarium with a lid and transverse corners, while the lower and upper transverse corners contain holes for stationary fixing of aquarium equipment; at the same time, the aquarium is equipped with: a supply electric pump with an outlet pipe carrying a valve, while the specified outlet pipe is soldered into the hole of the lower transverse corner, the specified supply electric pump is equipped with an electrohomogenizer equipped with an inlet pipe with a strainer; the aquarium is also equipped with a transfer pump with an inlet pipe equipped with a valve and soldered into the hole of the lower transverse corner, the specified transfer pump is also equipped with an electrohomogenizer and a hose; on the upper transverse corner there is a container for supplying fertilizers and suspensions of microorganisms with a lid and a tube with a valve soldered into the hole in the indicated upper transverse corner; on the opposite upper transverse corner, an aerator is fixed with a tube, which is soldered into the hole of this upper transverse corner, and with a sprayer, while the aquarium with equipment is permanently fixed on the support platform; The plant also includes a vermiculture tank which is equipped with: top lid with a hinged loop and handle, bottom lid with a hinged hinge and latch, also the vermiculture tank is equipped with a tube for supplying bottom sediments from the transfer electric pump, which is connected to the transfer electric pump hose, the vermiculture tank is also equipped with a liquid drain pipe with a liquid drain hose, an electric heater equipped with a cord with a plug, also the container for vermiculture contains a lamellar filter having an upper and lower fastening; The vermiculture container is permanently bolted to the support platform.

EFFECT: expansion of the arsenal of technical means intended for the complex biological treatment of wastewater and bottom sediments.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for the biological treatment of domestic and industrial wastewater and bottom sediments. The unit is designed for complex purification of natural and artificial reservoirs (ponds, settling tanks, reservoirs), including purification of both the water column and bottom sediments and sediments from pollutants. The installation can be used in small forms of management in agriculture, in various industries. In addition, the unit can be used in the treatment of domestic wastewater from separately located facilities and individual residential buildings. Also, the installation can be widely used in research activities in the field of ecology, namely, it can be used to select the optimal biocenosis for the complex biological treatment of water bodies and the coastline of water bodies from specific types of pollutants. The invention relates to constructive solutions for biological treatment plants.

Biological wastewater treatment involves the neutralization of pollution due to natural processes occurring in ecosystems. Thus, algae and higher aquatic plants are actively used for wastewater treatment, since both of them are able to effectively remove biogenic elements (nitrogen, phosphorus compounds) and heavy metals from water [Denisov A.A., Zhuikov V.Yu. Wastewater treatment in open reservoirs from organic and mineral contaminants using algae. Journal "Achievements of science and technology of the agro-industrial complex", No. 12, 2007. pp. 54-56, URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/ochistka-stochnyh-vod-v-otkrytyh-vodoemah-ot-organicheskih-i-mineralnyh-zagryazneniy-s-pomoschyu-vodorosley/viewer; C.A. Markov. Algae: hydrogen, biodiesel, carbon dioxide and water treatment. International Scientific Journal "Alternative Energy and Ecology", No. 4 (72), 2009. P. 10-11. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sergei-Markov/publication/281750849_ALGAE_HYDROGEN_BIODIESEL_CARBON_DIOXIDE_AND_WATER_CLEANUP/links/55f76b2608aeba1d9ef91954/ALGAE-HYDROGEN-BIODIESEL-CARBON-DIOXIDE-AND-WATER-CLEANUP.pdf; Direnko A.A., Kotsar E.M. The use of higher aquatic plants in the practice of wastewater and surface runoff treatment. URL: https://prof-vodochistka.ru/info/ispolzovanie-vysshikh-vodnykh-v-praktike-ochistki-stochnykh-vod-i-poverkhnostnogo-stoka]. Particularly effective is complex biological treatment, which involves the processing of polluted effluents in several stages, using various species and communities of living organisms, which makes it possible to increase the efficiency of pollutant disposal, provide the most complete treatment of discharges, while maintaining an environmentally friendly environment. It is important to pay attention not only to the treatment of liquid effluents and discharges, but also to the processing of settled suspensions and sediments that pollute the bottom of reservoirs. Here, a promising solution is the use of vermiculture (populations of worms), which allows not only to fully clean and process thickened sewage sludge (for example, lignin sludge), but also to obtain an economically valuable product - vermicompost.

There are a number of technical solutions related to the integrated treatment of industrial and domestic wastewater and sewage sludge. Thus, a plant for the processing and use of liquid waste of animal origin, including methanization, cultivation of microscopic algae and macrophytes and vermicultivation is known (RF patent for invention No. 2684594, IPC C02F 3/32 (2006.01), C02F 3/28 (2006.01), C02F 11 /04 (2006.01), C05F 17/00 (2006.01), C12M 1/107 (2006.01)). The plant contains a block for methanization of liquid waste, a cogeneration block, a separation system, a block for hydroponic cultivation of microscopic algae, a block for cultivating macrophytes and a block for vermicultivation.

According to a method for treating wastewater from livestock complexes, farms and poultry farms using an adapted complex of microalgae, higher aquatic vegetation, zooplankton and fish (patent No. wastewater treatment systems in fish-biological ponds, which provide for the passage of waste fluid through algal ponds, into which an adapted algological complex of diatom green and protococcal algae is introduced in contact mode, then the liquid is purified in crustacean ponds, which are inoculated with Daphnia magna culture; after 30-40 days of biological treatment, wastewater is used to grow fish stock, for which the ponds are simultaneously stocked with fish, and the wastewater also passes through a botanical site with higher aquatic vegetation located between crustaceans and fish ponds.

A device for the treatment of domestic wastewater is known (RF patent for the invention No. 2327648, IPC C02F 3/32 (2006.01), C02F 11/04 (2006.01)) consisting of a heated room and placed in it an equalizing filter, anaerobic biofilter, internal soil and plant a filter, an intermediate tank, pipelines for supplying water to soil and vegetable filters, as well as an external soil and vegetable filter and a reservoir with plantings of aquatic plants, connected by a drainage channel with an anaerobic biofilter, characterized in that the heated room is thermally insulated, it also contains a composter, a black runoff liquid fraction receiver and communicating tanks for aquaculture, one of which connects the anaerobic biofilter to an average filter connected through an intermediate tank to an inclined external soil-vegetable filter divided into sectors. The outdoor soil-vegetable filter contains a load prepared from soil with improved agrotechnical and microbiological characteristics, on which specially selected plants are grown that utilize water and impurities. Processing takes place in the root zone, within which a biological eco-community is formed, including plant roots and soil microorganisms that actively interact with impurities. Plants in the reservoir and water storage are also a powerful additional factor that processes impurities from wastewater. The composter can have different designs. In particular, it can be equipped with additional turning trays for intermediate composting cycles, for example, in the presence of the California red worm.

A complex for the processing of animal and organic waste is known (RF patent for utility model No. 125992, IPC C02F 1/00 (2006.01)), including a site for obtaining composts, a vermicultivation site with a technological installation for obtaining vermicompost from compost by means of earthworms and a site for obtaining protein product from worms, and the complex additionally contains a site for biological wastewater treatment, the output of which is connected to the input of the composting site, a shop for thermal disposal of slaughterhouse waste, the output of which is connected to the input of the composting site, a biogas processing site equipped with an afterburner of off-gases with an economizer, the output of which connected to the inlet of the biological wastewater treatment site, a turbo-expander, the outlet of which is connected to the dry ice production unit and a scrubber, the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the system of weathering and dispersion of purified gases. The site for biological wastewater treatment includes a system for collecting and treating stormwater, a biological pond, a receiver tank and a flotation tank connected in series, a metatank, an aerotank and a bio-greenhouse with water hyacinth eichornia. The shores of the biological pond, divided into sections, are planted with cattail and reeds, water hyacinth eichhornia - Eichomia crassipes is planted in the pond, Salix alba willows are planted along the perimeter of the biopond, a floating aerator is installed in the first section of the biopond.

Thus, a number of constructive technical solutions are known from the prior art for the integrated biological treatment of effluents and discharges from industrial and agricultural enterprises, as well as domestic effluents from residential buildings using communities of various organisms. As can be noted, well-known technical solutions usually include separate blocks (tanks, ponds) intended for the cultivation of algae or higher aquatic plants, as well as separate blocks (technological sections, tanks, composters) for other communities of living organisms (for example, populations worms). The common disadvantages of the identified technical solutions, similar to the proposed invention for its intended purpose (complex biological treatment of wastewater and waste), are bulkiness, design complexity, complexity and laboriousness in operation and maintenance.

The objective of the invention is to develop a device designed for complex biological treatment of wastewater and bottom sediments.

The technical result is the expansion of the arsenal of technical means intended for the complex biological treatment of wastewater and bottom sediments.

From the prior art, no design solutions have been identified that contain a set of essential features of the invention.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing (Fig. 1), where:

1 - aquarium,

2 - aquarium cover,

3, 4 - lower transverse corners,

5, 6 - upper transverse corners,

7 - supply electric pump,

8 - outlet pipe of the supply electric pump,

9 - outlet pipe valve of the supply electric pump,

10 - electric homogenizer of the supply electric pump,

11 - inlet pipe of the electric homogenizer of the supply electric pump,

12 - mesh filter of the inlet pipe of the electrohomogenizer,

13 - transmission electric pump,

14 - inlet pipe of the transmitting electric pump,

15 - inlet pipe valve of the transferring electric pump,

16 - electric homogenizer of the transfer electric pump,

17 - hose of the transferring electric pump,

18 - container for supplying fertilizers and suspensions of microorganisms,

19 - cover of the container for supplying fertilizers and suspensions of microorganisms,

20 - tube of the container for supplying fertilizers and suspensions of microorganisms,

21 - valve of the tank tube for supplying fertilizers and suspensions of microorganisms,

22 - aquarium aerator,

23 - aquarium aerator tube,

24 - aquarium aerator sprayer,

25 - bottom sewage sludge in the aquarium,

26 - algae planted in an aquarium,

27 - aquarium support platform,

28 - container for vermiculture,

29 - top cover of the container for vermiculture,

30 - hinged loop of the vermiculture tank cover,

31 - vermiculture container lid handle,

32 - bottom cover of the container for vermiculture for dumping vermicompost after treatment with vermiculture,

33 - hinged loop of the bottom cover of the container for vermiculture,

34 - latch of the bottom cover of the container for vermiculture,

35 - tube for supplying bottom sediments from the transferring electric pump to the vermiculture tank,

36 - tube for draining liquid from a container for vermiculture,

37 - hose for draining liquid from a container for vermiculture,

38 - electric heater tank for vermiculture,

39 - cord of the electric heater of the container for vermiculture,

40 - plug of the cord of the electric heater of the container for vermiculture,

41 - lamellar filter container for vermiculture,

42 - upper mounting of the lamellar filter,

43 - bottom mounting plate filter,

44 - support platform for vermiculture tank,

45, 45.1 - bolts of the support platform of the vermiculture tank.

Installation for complex phytoremediation and vermifiltration of wastewater and bottom sediments contains an aquarium (1) with a lid (2) and transverse corners, while the lower (3, 4) and upper transverse corners (5, 6) contain holes for stationary fixing of aquarium equipment; while the aquarium (1) is equipped with: a supply electric pump (7) with an outlet pipe (8) carrying a valve (9), while the specified outlet pipe (8) is soldered into the hole of the lower transverse corner (3), the specified supply electric pump (7) equipped with an electrohomogenizer (10) equipped with an inlet pipe (11) with a strainer (12); the aquarium (1) is also equipped with a transfer electric pump (13) with an inlet pipe (14) equipped with a valve (15) and soldered into the hole of the lower transverse angle (4), the specified transfer electric pump (13) is also equipped with an electric homogenizer (16) and a hose (17 ); on the upper transverse corner (5) there is a container (18) for supplying fertilizers and suspensions of microorganisms with a lid (19) and a tube (20) with a valve (21) soldered into the hole in the indicated upper transverse corner (5); on the opposite upper transverse corner (6), an aerator (22) is fixed with a tube (23), which is soldered into the hole of this upper transverse corner (6), and with a sprayer (24), while the aquarium (1) with the equipment is permanently fixed on the support platform (27); the plant also includes a container (28) for vermiculture, which is equipped with: a top cover (29) with a hinged loop (30) and a handle (31), a bottom cover (32) with a hinged hinge (33) and a latch (34), also a container for vermiculture is equipped with a tube (35) for supplying bottom sediments from the transfer electric pump (13), which is connected to the hose (17) of the transfer electric pump (13), the vermiculture tank is also equipped with a tube (36) for draining the liquid with a hose (37) for draining the liquid, an electric heater (38) equipped with a cord (39) with a plug (40), also the container for vermiculture contains a lamellar filter (41) having an upper (42) and a lower fastening (43); the container for vermiculture is permanently fixed on the support platform (44) with bolts (45, 45.1).

The installation for complex phytoremediation and vermifiltration of wastewater and bottom sediments operates as follows: open the lid (19) of the container (18) for supplying fertilizers and suspensions of microorganisms and add the necessary suspensions of microorganisms and fertilizers for their development into it, then the inlet pipe (11) with a mesh filter (12) is lowered into a reservoir (pond, sump, sludge accumulator, etc.), then the valve (9) of the outlet pipe (8) of the supply electric pump (7) is opened, then the electric homogenizer (10) of the supply electric pump and the supply electric pump ( 7); after filling the aquarium (1) with a substrate (sewage, sludge lignin with oversludge water, etc.) to a certain level, the supply electric pump (7) is turned off, and the valve (9) of the outlet pipe (8) is closed; further, after sedimentation of suspensions in the aquarium, the necessary algae and / or higher aquatic plants, including breeding ones, are placed, after which the aerator (22) is turned on, then the valve (21) of the tube (20) of the container (18) for supplying fertilizers and suspensions of microorganisms is opened, and the aquarium (1) receives the contents of this container; there is a mixing of wastewater and a suspension of microorganisms and fertilizers due to the operation of the aerator (22); after the estimated period of wastewater treatment with selective higher aquatic plants, algae and microorganisms, the lid (2) of the aquarium is opened and aquatic vegetation is removed from it, then the valve (15) of the inlet pipe (14) of the transfer electric pump (13) is opened, then the electric homogenizer (16) is turned on transferring electric pump and transferring electric pump (13), after which sewage and bottom sediments (25) are fed through the hose (17) of the transferring electric pump and tube (35) for supplying bottom sediments to the container (28) for vermiculture; after filtering through a plate filter (41), the liquid is discharged from the container (28) for vermiculture through a tube (36) draining the liquid into the hose (37) draining the liquid, then the necessary population of worms and necessary for the development of worms are introduced into the container (28) for vermiculture Ingredients; when the humidity of the substrate in the container for vermiculture is reduced, the top cover (29) of the container for vermiculture is opened and the substrate is moistened with water, after which the cover (29) is closed; after the estimated period of processing and purification by vermiculture of the bottom sewage sediments introduced into the tank (28) for vermiculture, the latch (34) of the bottom cover (32) of the tank (28) for vermiculture is opened and the biohumus obtained as a result of cleaning is removed from the tank (28) for vermiculture.

Claims (1)

Installation for complex phytoremediation and vermifiltration of wastewater and bottom sediments, containing a container for cultivating algae and higher aquatic plants and a container for vermiculture, characterized in that the container for cultivating algae and higher aquatic plants is made in the form of an aquarium with a lid and transverse corners, while lower and upper transverse corners contain holes for permanent fixing of aquarium equipment; while the aquarium is equipped with: a supply electric pump with an outlet pipe carrying a valve, while the specified outlet pipe is soldered into the hole of the lower transverse corner, the specified supply electric pump is equipped with an electric homogenizer equipped with an inlet pipe with a strainer; the aquarium is also equipped with a transfer pump with an inlet pipe equipped with a valve and soldered into the hole of the lower transverse corner, the specified transfer pump is also equipped with an electrohomogenizer and a hose; on the upper transverse corner there is a container for supplying fertilizers and suspensions of microorganisms with a lid and a tube with a valve soldered into the hole in the indicated upper transverse corner; on the opposite upper transverse corner, an aerator is fixed with a tube, which is soldered into the hole of this upper transverse corner, and with a sprayer, while the aquarium with equipment is permanently fixed on the support platform; and the container for vermiculture is equipped with: a top cover with a hinged loop and a handle, a bottom cover with a hinged hinge and a latch, a tube for supplying bottom sediments from the transferring electric pump, which is connected to the hose of the transferring electric pump, and the tank for vermiculture is also equipped with a liquid drain pipe with a liquid drain hose , an electric heater equipped with a cord with a plug, also the container for vermiculture contains a lamellar filter having an upper and lower fastening; The vermiculture container is permanently bolted to the support platform.

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