RU2774555C1 - Rotor vortex dryer - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: drying and grinding organic and inorganic materials.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the technique of drying and grinding organic and inorganic materials and can be used in agriculture, food and chemical industries. Rotary vortex dryer contains nozzles for loading raw materials, unloading dry raw materials and supplying a gaseous medium, a working chamber, inside which a rotor is located, all three nozzles are located in a single unit located from the side of the upper part of the working chamber, the unit contains a housing and located in it with a gap hollow pipe, connected to the branch pipes for loading the feedstock and supplying the gaseous medium, protruding beyond the body through the holes made in its side walls, the body in the upper part is connected to the branch pipe for unloading dry raw materials, and the hollow pipe protrudes beyond the body in its lower part. In this case, the body is immersed in the working chamber to a depth of at least 1/3 of the height of the working chamber, the gap between the body and the pipe forms a channel for the selection of dry raw materials, and the rotor is located at the bottom of the working chamber and is rotatable in a horizontal plane parallel to the base of the working chamber, and in air was chosen as the gaseous medium.

EFFECT: increasing the efficiency of drying while providing the ability to simultaneously grind to a finely dispersed state and dehydrate organic and inorganic materials in one technological cycle without the use of external heat sources.

5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the technique of drying and grinding organic and inorganic materials and can be used in agriculture, food and chemical industries.

A vortex dryer is known (patent RU 2263262, IPC F26B17/10), containing a housing, a device for introducing a drying agent, made in the form of a volute, a central pipe having a conical nozzle, made in the form of a socket, with the possibility of axial movement. The body is made in the form of a hyperboloid of revolution, and the central pipe serves to unload the dried material and its movement in the axial direction provides a control device installed in the lower part of the body, and the socket is used as a diffuser.

A device for drying polydisperse materials is known (patent RU 2301386, IPC F26B17/10), containing a vortex chamber with an inlet for introducing gas suspensions, a removable cover, a central pipe, a baffle ring having an oval-shaped screen protrusion, made replaceable to control the holding capacity of the chamber. On the inner surface of the vortex chamber there are blades made in such a way that their concave surface is directed towards the movement of the gas suspension, as an inlet pipe, a device for obtaining a gas suspension is used, consisting of a feed hopper of the initial wet polydisperse material, a pipe for introducing a hot coolant and an accelerating section, except In addition, it is equipped with a settling cyclone, and the central pipe is equipped with a reflector and acts as an exhaust pipe for removing the spent coolant.

However, these devices are not capable of grinding organic and inorganic materials, and they also have high energy costs per unit of finished product. Moreover, the process of drying materials can be complicated by clumping of particles, sticking of particles of the processed material to the walls of the dryer.

An aerodynamic dryer of a combined type is known (patent RU 2577670, IPC F26B20/00), containing a conveyor for supplying raw materials to a modified material grinder, a heat generator - a source of hot air, a high-pressure fan-exhaust fan for supplying hot air, a main cylinder with an irregular cone, an aerodynamic dryer, including a set of pipelines, a drying cylinder with a nozzle, a braking system; as well as two outlet cyclones, aspiration pipes, two hammer crushers, a cyclone, scales, while the modified material grinder is made with knives installed in series, a reduced pressure tank is provided, as well as pneumatic supply of the crushed material to the mixer column, consisting of a cylinder that provides the function vortex formation according to the Rankine principle, while the exit from the cylinder has the shape of a cone to facilitate the withdrawal of the product into the braking system and the introduction of a fluidized bed into the system in a turbulent swirling flow, the exit from the cylinder of a modified material grinder, made in the form of a Laval nozzle for acceleration, then a divergence system is applied flow, smoothing and counter flow system, made with an angle of 120 degrees, the aspiration system is made using cyclones, as well as an additional crushing system, a high-pressure fan, which ensures the supply of coolant from the heat generator with the required amount, pressure, temperature.

The disadvantage of the prototype is high energy consumption per unit of finished product.

Closest to the claimed invention is a dryer for pasty materials on a polydisperse inert carrier (patent RU 2625629, IPC F26B17 / 10, F26B3 / 12), containing a biconical chamber associated with a cylindrical separation chamber, and a drum with tangential inlets of the coolant. In order to intensify the drying process inside the biconical chamber, along its axis, a hollow rotor is located, made of two parts, having a curvilinear generatrix of the side surface and conjugated through a running disk, the surface of the upper part of the rotor is perforated, the surface of the lower part is corrugated, and the used inert carrier consists of two parts, differing in size and density of the constituent particles.

However, drying requires an external heat source. During the drying process, the inert carrier will wear out and, although in small quantities, will certainly get into the finished product. Judging by the declared relative speed in the "inert carrier" system - the applied material is 8-10 m/s at a rotor speed of 500 rpm, the prototype has small dimensions and, as a result, low productivity. Also, the prototype works with paste, and this implies preliminary grinding.

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to create a device that reduces energy consumption per unit of production by combining drying and grinding of raw materials in one process.

The technical result consists in increasing the efficiency of drying while providing the ability to simultaneously grind to a finely dispersed state and dehydrate organic and inorganic materials in one technological cycle without the use of external heat sources.

This technical problem is solved by the fact that in a rotary vortex dryer, containing pipes for loading feedstock, unloading dry raw materials and supplying a gaseous medium, a working chamber inside which the rotor is located, according to the solution, all three pipes are located in a single unit located with side of the upper part of the working chamber, the unit contains a body and a hollow pipe located in it with a gap, connected to pipes for loading feedstock and supplying a gaseous medium, protruding beyond the body through holes made in its side walls, the body in the upper part is connected to the pipe for unloading dry raw materials, and the hollow pipe protrudes beyond the body in its lower part, while the body is immersed in the working chamber to a depth of at least 1/3 of the height of the working chamber, the gap between the body and the pipe forms a channel for the selection of dry raw materials, and the rotor is located at the bottom of the working chamber and is made with the possibility of rotation in a horizontal plane parallel to the base of the ra barrels of the chamber, and air was chosen as the gaseous medium.

The chamber is made cylindrical, and the ratio of the height of the working chamber to its diameter is 1.3:1.

The rotor is made with the possibility of rotation of 6000 rpm.

The rotor is made of steel grade 45 in the form of a six-pointed star with vertical plates on the blades, the thickness of the rotor and plates is at least 20 mm, the height of the plates is 40 mm.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig. 1 shows the claimed device, Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section of the proposed device, in Fig. 3 - shows the rotor (top view), in Fig. 4 - shows a diagram of a line for drying and grinding organic and inorganic materials.

Positions in the drawings indicate:

1. working chamber,

2. case,

3. pipe,

4. branch pipe for loading raw materials,

5. branch pipe for supplying a gaseous medium,

6. channel for the selection of dry raw materials,

7. branch pipe for unloading dry raw materials,

8. rotor,

9. electric motor,

10. receiving hopper,

11. conveyor,

12. rotary vortex dryer,

13. pipeline,

14. slide gate,

15. cyclone selection of raw materials,

16. sluice-shutter,

17. exhaust fan.

Rotary-vortex dryer (figure 1-2) consists of a closed cylindrical working chamber 1 and node for supplying raw materials, gaseous medium and removal of dry raw materials.

The inlet and outlet unit is located on the side of the upper part of the working chamber 1. It consists of a housing 2, in which a hollow pipe 3 is located, equipped in the upper part with branch pipes for loading feedstock 4 and supplying a gaseous medium 5, connected by a butt V-shaped connection. Between the pipe 3 and the body 2 there is a space 6, which forms a channel for the selection of dry raw materials.

Case 2 has a biconical shape. A nozzle for unloading dry raw materials 7 is attached to its upper part. The nozzles for loading raw materials 4 and supplying a gaseous medium 5 protrude beyond the body 2 through holes made in its side walls.

The hollow tube 3 extends beyond the body 2 in its lower part. The body 2 is immersed in the working chamber 1 to a depth of at least 1/3 of the height of the working chamber.

In the lower part of the working chamber 1 there is a rotor 8, made with the possibility of rotation in a horizontal plane parallel to the base of the working chamber 1. The axis of the rotor 8 goes out for fixing on the frame. The rotor 8 is driven by an electric motor 9, which is also fixed to the frame by a belt drive. Rotor rotation speed - 6000 rpm.

Rotor 8 is a six-pointed steel star (Fig. 3) at least 20 mm thick with vertical plates also 20 mm thick and 40 mm high. The material of execution is steel - 45. To increase wear resistance, it is possible to apply nitriding of the rotor surface. The ratio of the height of the working chamber to the diameter is 1.3:1. Air was chosen as the gaseous medium.

The line for drying and grinding organic and inorganic materials (Fig. 4) consists of interconnected receiving hopper 10, conveyor 11, rotary vortex dryer 12, pipeline 13, slide gate 14, raw material selection cyclone 15 with a sluice-gate 16 and exhaust fan 17.

The device works as follows.

The source material (native chicken manure, grape pulp or bentonite-kaolin mixture) is fed into the receiving hopper 10, from which the mixture is conveyed by the conveyor 11 to the rotary vortex dryer 12, directly to the center of the rotor 8 (Fig. 3). Due to centrifugal forces, the initial material (raw material) scatters to the walls of the working chamber 1 and, falling on the rotor blades 8, breaks into particles less than 150 microns, within 20 seconds 75% of the raw material mass is broken into particles less than 70 microns, which greatly increases the surface area evaporation. In this case, a vortex is formed from the crushed raw materials, the rotation speed of which at the walls of the working chamber ranges from 190 m/s to 250 m/s, depending on the size of the working chamber 1 and rotor 8.

At an idle start (without loading raw materials), due to air friction against the walls of the working chamber 1, the vortex is heated. In the zone of unloading the dry product, the temperature is 75-85°C. The temperature distribution in the vortex is linear, the higher above the rotor, the higher the temperature. When loading the feedstock, some short-term decrease in temperature is possible, but this is easily eliminated by selecting the amount of raw material loaded per unit time and the power of the aspiration flow and is controlled by a slide gate 14 or a frequency converter on the exhaust fan motor 17. In operating mode, the temperature of the vortex in the dry product discharge zone can reach 100-105°C. The distribution of the dried mass in the working chamber is also linear, the higher from the rotor, the drier and finer the particles.

The selection of finished raw materials takes place at a height of 3/4 of the working chamber. Through the pipeline 13, the product enters the cyclone for the selection of raw materials 15 and the sluice gate 16, where the separation of raw materials and air saturated with water vapor occurs. Raw materials are sent for further processing (packaging, pelletizing, etc.). Air is released into the atmosphere. When drying some products, it may be necessary to install an additional dust collector cyclone.

The line for drying and grinding organic and inorganic materials has a continuous operation and can work 24 hours a day.

It should be noted that during the drying process, the effect of pasteurization of the initial material occurs, since it is in the heating zone for a very short time. This is enough to kill pathogenic flora and fauna and at the same time preserve all vitamins and amino acids.

The degree of drying and grinding can be easily adjusted by the power of the aspiration flow.

The Applicant carried out tests on the drying of native bird droppings, grape pulp and bentonite-kaolin mixture. The following results were achieved (Table 1):

Table 1.

Name of feedstock (product) Initial humidity, % Humidity at the outlet
% Output particle size The amount of electricity consumed, kW*h/kg Native chicken manure 65 6-8 75% less than 70 µm 0.4 grape pulp 65 6-8 90% less than 50 µm 0.4 Bentonite-kaolin mix thirty 3 100% less than 30 µm 0.25

The results obtained allow us to say that the proposed device effectively dries and grinds both organic and inorganic materials in one technological cycle at low energy costs compared to other devices.

This is achieved through:

- absence of external heat sources;

- combining into a single unit of pipes for loading feedstock, unloading dry raw materials and supplying a gaseous medium and its location from the side of the upper part of the working chamber;

- supply of feedstock to the rotary vortex dryer directly to the center of the rotor rotating at a speed of 6000 rpm.

Claims (5)

1. Rotary-vortex dryer containing nozzles for loading feedstock, unloading dry raw materials and supplying a gaseous medium, a working chamber inside which the rotor is located, characterized in that all three nozzles are located in a single unit located from the side of the upper part of the working chamber, the unit contains a housing and a hollow pipe located in it with a gap connected to pipes for loading feedstock and supplying a gaseous medium protruding beyond the housing through holes made in its side walls, the housing in the upper part is connected to a branch pipe for unloading dry raw materials, and the hollow pipe protrudes beyond the body in its lower part, while the body is immersed in the working chamber to a depth of at least 1/3 of the height of the working chamber, the gap between the body and the pipe forms a channel for the selection of dry raw materials, and the rotor is located at the bottom of the working chamber and is made with the possibility of rotation in a horizontal plane parallel to the base of the working chamber, and as a gaseous medium air is selected. 2. The dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that the chamber is made cylindrical, and the ratio of the height of the working chamber to its diameter is 1.3:1. 3. Dryer according to claim. 1, characterized in that the rotor is made with the possibility of rotation of 6000 rpm. 4. Dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor is made in the form of a six-pointed star with vertical plates on the blades, the thickness of the rotor and plates is at least 20 mm, the height of the plates is 40 mm. 5. Dryer according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor is made of steel grade 45.

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