RU2774504C1 - Method for manufacturing decorative elements based on mammoth ivory - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: surface treatment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of surface treatment of spherical products and can be used in the jewelry industry and in the production of haberdashery products when processing decorative elements from mammoth ivory. The method includes prefabrication of cube-shaped workpieces, which are placed in a chamber and processed by grinding with the chamber cover closed at a grinding disk rotation frequency of 1200-1400 rpm for 60-80 minutes. For grinding, a device is used containing a rotating horizontal disk 1 mounted on a shaft 2 inside a cylindrical chamber 3. A removable abrasive material 4 with a grain size of 20-40 microns is installed on the surface of the disk. A gap is formed between the edge of the disk 1 and the inner surface of the side of the chamber 3, which ensures the passage of dust. At the bottom of the chamber 3 there is a branch pipe 5 for waste removal. The cover 6 of the chamber 3 on the inside contains a removable abrasive material 7 with a grain size of 20-40 microns and at least three through ventilation holes 8.

EFFECT: invention provides high quality surface treatment and a small spread in the shape and size of the obtained spherical elements.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of surface treatment of spherical products and can be used in the jewelry industry and the production of haberdashery products when processing decorative elements from mammoth ivory.

From the prior art, a method for manufacturing spherical beads is known (see RU No. 2031788, class B28D 1/30, publ. 03/27/1995), according to which a blank of ornamental stone is strung on a rigid axis of rotation for making a spherical bead so that its outer surface comes into contact with the conveyor belt, which is carried out using consoles that have the ability to change the distance to the conveyor belt. When the conveyor is turned on, a piece of ornamental stone strung on the axis of rotation begins to rotate. The cutting head in the form of a spherically concave cavity made of artificial diamond, fixed in the chuck of the drilling machine, when the machine is turned on, starts to rotate and is brought to the workpiece with the help of the retractable panel of the machine. When bringing the rotating cutting head to the axis of rotation of the workpiece, a spherical bead of natural stone is obtained.

In addition, a method is known for manufacturing spheres from ferrite single crystals (see SU No. 627984, class B28D 5/00, publ. 10/15/1978), including cutting single crystals into workpieces and their subsequent processing by running the cut workpieces on an abrasive tool. In this case, the workpiece is cut in the form of parallelepipeds with an aspect ratio of (1.8-2.0):1:1. The cutting of crystals is carried out on the machine with a diamond disc. The workpieces are run-in as follows: they are roughed, after roughing, the workpieces are ground under the action of an air jet or machining using a cup wheel, then the workpieces are polished by machining on a cup grinding wheel.

Known technical solutions are inefficient and not suitable for processing fragile mammoth ivory, do not contribute to the production of decorative products with the required quality surface. In addition, the influence of strong impacts and cutting heads does not exclude the appearance of roughness, irregularities, cracks and burrs on the surface of the bone material.

The task to be solved by the claimed solution is to create a method for manufacturing decorative elements from mammoth ivory and composite materials based on mammoth ivory.

The technical effect obtained by solving the problem is expressed in obtaining spherical elements for decorative products, characterized by high quality surface treatment and a small spread in shape and size.

To solve this problem, a method for manufacturing decorative elements based on mammoth ivory by grinding using a device containing a freely rotating horizontal disk mounted on a shaft inside a cylindrical chamber, on the surface of which a removable abrasive material with a grain size of 20-40 microns is installed, moreover, between the edge of the grinding disk and the inner surface of the side of the chamber, a gap is formed for the passage of dust, and a branch pipe for removing waste is built at the bottom of the chamber, while the chamber cover on the inside contains a removable abrasive material with a grain size of 20-40 microns; at least three through ventilation holes, for which, cubic-shaped workpieces are pre-made, which are placed in the grinding chamber and processed with the lid closed at a grinding disk speed of 1200-1400 rpm for 60-80 minutes. In addition, the processing of blanks in the chamber is carried out in the presence of talc powder placed in the chamber before processing in an amount of not more than 1/4 of the volume of processed blanks.

A comparative analysis of the features of the claimed solution with the known features of analogues indicates that the claimed solution meets the criterion of "novelty".

The set of features of the invention provides a solution to the claimed technical problem, namely, the creation of a method for cost-effective production of decorative elements, mainly beads, from mammoth bone and composite materials based on mammoth bone with the required quality of surface treatment.

Bone, as the most stable of organic compounds, has long found enormous practical applications, both for making household items and for decoration.

It is known that mammoth tusk is the only highly valuable bone material allowed for extraction and use. The physical qualities of mammoth tusks are unique, and modern technologies cannot artificially fully recreate the properties of natural mammoth bone. Meanwhile, mammoth ivory is limited in volume, from year to year it is mined in more difficult conditions, which leads to an increase in the cost of production of decorative items using bone material.

For the manufacture of products from mammoth tusk, first of all, bones of a homogeneous structure are used, which have a uniform color of the array, with no cracks or other defects. At the same time, the production is accompanied by the release of a significant amount of bone waste, the volume of which, according to some estimates, can reach up to 60-80%, depending on the initial quality of the bone raw material.

In this regard, in the manufacture of decorative products from mammoth ivory, they strive to minimize production waste and maximize the possible useful yield from natural raw materials.

It is known that mammoth tusk is conditionally divided into five types of varieties (see http://koptelovy.ru/mammoths/klassifikaciya-bivnya-mamonta): collection, first, second, third and fourth varieties. If among them tusks from the first to the third grade are mainly suitable for bone carving, then chips are usually referred to the fourth grade, i.e. a tusk containing many cracks, suitable for the manufacture of small products. Of these, the largest amount of waste is obtained in the form of pieces, bark of various sizes.

At the same time, a method is known for producing a decorative composite material obtained by cold pressing (see RU No. 2738690, class B44C 5/00, publ. 12/15/2020), where crushed pieces of tusk are used as a filler, and the matrix is a synthetic binder (epoxy resin ). The material is characterized by unique decorative properties, strong enough, durable, not affected by UV rays and is convenient for further processing and manufacturing of products.

It is known that grinding and polishing are the most common stone processing (cutting) operations. Stones can be processed in various ways. The most common is the polishing or working of stones on a rapidly rotating working element, or faceplate. For example, there is a device for processing calibrated balls according to patent RU No. 176560 (class B24V 11/08, published on January 23, 2018), which allows you to get calibrated balls from precious, semi-precious stones and mammoth tusk, for which it has a profile disk on the shaft with a recess for calibrating workpieces, installed between two limiting clamps.

The claimed technical solution is illustrated in the drawing, where figure 1 shows the general scheme of the tumbling device, figure 2 shows blanks for grinding and a finished decorative element of a spherical shape.

The invention involves the use of a tumbling device (see Fig. 1), containing a freely rotating horizontal disk 1 mounted on a shaft 2 inside a cylindrical grinding chamber 3, on the surface of which a removable element 4 made of abrasive material is placed. The diameter of the grinding disc 1 is maximally matched to the inner diameter of the chamber 3 so that the gap between the inner surface of the side of the chamber 3 and the edge of the disc 1 is no more than 2 mm, through which the dust formed during the grinding process freely passes. To remove dust at the bottom of the chamber, a branch pipe 5 is built, connected with a waste disposal device. The chamber 3 is closed with a lid 6, in the inner surface of which a removable element 7 of the abrasive material is also installed. At the same time, through holes 8 are additionally selected on the cover 6 for ventilation of the chamber 3 and effective removal of waste from grinding. The diameter of the holes 8 is not more than the dimensions of the workpieces (not more than 2 mm). Ventilation of chamber 3 also helps to eliminate thermal damage to parts during intensive grinding.

The chamber volume of a prototype device with a disk diameter of 36 cm, a side height of 10 cm is about 100 cm ³ , while the speed of rotation of the grinding disk is in the range of 1200-1400 rpm.

By means of the claimed tumbling device, spherical elements from mammoth ivory or a composite material based on mammoth ivory with a diameter of 3 to 35 mm can be made (see Fig. 2). For what, first, blanks are cut out in the form of cubes (a), moreover, the length of the sides of the cube as a whole is equal to the diameter of the resulting spherical product (b). Further, the finished workpieces are placed in the grinding chamber, where abrasive materials are previously installed on the disc and inside the cover on detachable fasteners. After that, the drive of the device is turned on with the lid closed and the workpieces are processed. As a result of impact from a rotating abrasive disk, the corners of the mammoth ivory cube are polished, and the workpiece gradually takes on a spherical shape. More efficient processing also contributes to the internal abrasive surface of the cover. The grinding dust generated during processing passes through the gap between the edge of the disk and the wall of the bead and enters the bottom of the chamber, from where it is sucked off by the device for removing dust-like waste through the bottom hole. At the end of the grinding process, spherical parts with a smooth and even surface are obtained.

In some cases, if it is necessary to process, for example, bones of the highest grade, it is possible to add talc powder during processing in an amount based on no more than a quarter of the volume of one workpiece. The presence of talc during the grinding process eliminates the adherence of contaminated grinding dust to the workpieces being processed, which contains, among other things, the remains of hard resin or abrasive material cloth. The result is decorative elements with a clean and even surface.

Example. Details of beads are made in the form of mammoth ivory beads with an average diameter of 5 mm. A tumbling device is used with a grinding disk diameter of 36 cm, a chamber side height of 10 cm. For this, cubes with sides of 5 mm are cut out. Based on the desired purity of processing and the use of mammoth ivory, an abrasive material with grain sizes in the range of 28-40 microns (grade P400) is installed in the device. Up to 150 pieces can be loaded into this machine at the same time. blanks of a given size. Further, the drive of the device is turned on with the lid closed and the workpieces are processed in the following modes: the rotational speed of the disk is 1300 rpm, the processing time is 60 minutes. The received parts are inspected, sorted and sent to the next production process.

In addition, it is recommended to use fine-grained abrasive materials, for example, grade P600 (particle size 20-28 microns), for processing top-grade bones.

Thus, the use of the present invention makes it possible to create cost-effective production of decorative elements of a spherical shape from mammoth ivory and composite materials based on mammoth ivory with the required quality of surface treatment.

Claims (2)

1. A method for manufacturing decorative elements based on mammoth ivory by grinding, which consists in using a device containing a horizontal grinding disk mounted for rotation on a shaft inside a cylindrical chamber and containing a removable abrasive material with a grain size of 20-40 microns, which is installed on its surface, and between the edge of the horizontal disk and the inner surface of the side of the chamber there is a gap for the passage of dust, a branch pipe for removing waste is installed at the bottom of the chamber, and the chamber cover on the inside contains a removable abrasive material with a grain size of 20-40 microns and at least three through ventilation holes, while pre-made cube-shaped blanks are placed in a cylindrical chamber and processed with a closed lid at a grinding disk rotation frequency of 1200-1400 rpm for 60-80 minutes. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the processing of blanks in the chamber is carried out with talc powder, which is fed into the chamber before processing in an amount of not more than 1/4 of the volume of processed blanks.

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