RU2774452C1 - Method for reclamation of non-working sides of quarries - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining, in particular to open pit mining and restoration of areas disturbed by open mining, and can be used in the extraction of minerals and the reclamation of non-working sides of a quarry. Method includes terracing of sides with formation of inter-shoulder areas with a reverse slope towards the side of a quarry and application of a technogenic mixture and Quaternary deposits on them. When forming a reclamation layer on the inter-shoulder area, a technogenic mixture is laid down. The top layer is Quaternary deposits. At the same time, reclamation work is carried out in the following sequence: Quaternary rocks of the first ledge are fed by a bulldozer to its slope in the direction of the mined-out area of ​​the quarry, then the excavator is installed on the formed heap of the reclamation layer and the pile is moved to the next inter-shoulder platform from the surface while simultaneously forming the reclamation layer on this inter-shoulder area. With excessive volumes of the technogenic mixture, it is also re-excavated to the next inter-shoulder platform, mixing with Quaternary deposits, alternating with unloaded excavator buckets.

EFFECT: simplification of reclamation work due to the exclusion of volumes for slope flattening and reduction of earthworks for the application of Quaternary deposits of the upper ledge to inter-ledge areas.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

Technical field

The proposed method relates to mining, in particular to open pit mining and restoration of areas disturbed by open mining, and can be used in the extraction of minerals and the reclamation of non-working sides of a quarry.

State of the art

A known method of reclamation of the sides of open pits (Technology of reclamation and arrangement of disturbed lands in Western and Eastern Siberia / I.V. Zenkov et al. - Krasnoyarsk: SFU, 2015, p. with a reverse slope of 9-11º 4-5 m wide, and slopes of ledges with a slope angle of 18-20º, of a technogenic mixture using loose overburden rocks, by terracing the sides with the design of inter-ledge sites with a reverse slope towards the rock mass and applying technogenic mixtures.

The disadvantage of this method is the complexity of reclamation work to flatten the slopes and reduce the volume of earthworks for applying Quaternary deposits on intershoulder areas.

The closest solution is known for the method of reclamation of non-working sides of quarries (patent RU 2754753 C1, 07.09.2021, Bull. No. 25, IPC E21C 41/32), including terracing of the sides with the design of inter-shoulder areas with a reverse slope towards the side of the quarry and applying technogenic mixture, and the technogenic mixture is formed from the scree formed at the foot of the slopes of the ledges, and it is laid on the outer side of the inter-ledge areas, and a trench is created along the inner side of the site to collect rocks crumbling from the slope, the width of the technogenic mixture embankment is set as a quotient of dividing the cross-sectional area of the scree on the inter-shoulder platform to a rational thickness of the embankment of 0.35-0.5 m, the formation of embankments from the technogenic mixture on the inter-shoulder platforms begins from the upper ledge of the non-working wall and ends with the bottom of the quarry, the insufficient amount of the technogenic mixture on the lower ledges is compensated by transshipment of loose deposits from the upper ledge.

The disadvantage of the closest solution is the complexity of reclamation work to flatten the slopes and reduce the volume of earthworks to apply Quaternary deposits to intershoulder areas.

Disclosure of invention

The technical result is the simplification of reclamation work by eliminating the amount of slope flattening and reducing earthworks for applying Quaternary deposits of the upper ledge to inter-ledge areas.

The present technical result is achieved in a method for reclamation of non-working sides of a quarry, including terracing of the sides with the design of inter-shoulder areas with a reverse slope towards the side of the quarry and the application of a technogenic mixture and Quaternary deposits on them, moreover, when a reclamation layer is formed on the inter-shoulder platform, an technogenic mixture is laid at the bottom, and Quaternary deposits are the upper layer, while reclamation work is performed in the sequence: a bulldozer feeds the Quaternary rocks of the first ledge to its slope in the direction of the mined-out space of the quarry, then the excavator is installed on the formed heap of the reclamation layer, and the heap is moved to the next inter-shoulder platform from the surface while simultaneously the formation of a reclamation layer on this inter-shoulder area, with excessive volumes of the technogenic mixture, it is also re-excavated to the next inter-shoulder area, mixing with Quaternary deposits in succession I unloaded excavator buckets.

The distinguishing features are:

when forming a reclamation layer on an inter-shoulder platform, a technogenic mixture is laid at the bottom, and Quaternary deposits are laid on the top layer, this makes reclamation work easier by reducing earthworks for applying Quaternary deposits of the upper ledge to the inter-shoulder areas, with a sufficiently high quality of the reclamation layer including elements of the fertile layer soils (PSP) and potentially fertile rocks (PPP);

reclamation works are carried out in the following sequence: the Quaternary rocks of the first ledge are fed by a bulldozer to its slope in the direction of the mined-out space of the quarry, then the excavator is installed on the formed pile of the reclamation layer, and the pile is moved to the next inter-shoulder platform from the surface, while the reclamation layer is formed on this inter-shoulder area, which simplifies reclamation work by eliminating the volume of slope flattening for the formation of a reclamation layer;

with excessive volumes of the technogenic mixture, it is also re-excavated to the next inter-shoulder area, mixing with Quaternary deposits alternating with unloaded excavator buckets, this averages the constituent elements of the reclamation layer with high-quality elements of the fertile soil layer, including chernozem with a thickness of up to 0.7 m and a humus content of up to 10% and PPP, which includes clays, sands, sandy loams, loams, etc. with a humus content in the range of 1.2-2.5%; Vegetation grows well on the average base of the reclamation layer.

Comparison of the proposed solution with analogue and prototype did not reveal in them the features that distinguish the proposed solution, this allows us to conclude that the criterion of "novelty" is met.

Brief description of the drawing

The drawing shows a fragment of terracing during the reclamation of a non-working side of a quarry, including: 1 - an inter-shoulder platform with a reclamation layer being formed; 2 - inter-shoulder area of a ledge with Quaternary deposits; 3 - inter-shoulder platform with mixed reclamation material; 4 - slope towards the side of the quarry of the inter-shoulder platform; 5 - ledge slope; 6 - stable slope angle of the ledge; 7 – ledge height; 8 - embankment of technogenic mixture in the form of scree from the slope of the ledge; 9 – embankment of Quaternary deposits; 10 - backhoe model excavator; 11- trench for collecting crumbling rocks from the slope of the ledge; 12 - the lower part of the reclamation layer from the technogenic mixture; 13 - upper part of the reclamation layer from Quaternary deposits; 14 - embankment with mixed reclamation material.

Implementation of the invention

The structure of the complex mechanization of the experimental site provides for the use of one bulldozer T-170 and one hydraulic excavator of the "backhoe" model with a bucket with a capacity of 1.5-2.0 m ³ as the main excavation mechanism. The height of the ledge 7 of the non-working side of the quarry of the experimental area was 4 m, which corresponds to the digging depth of the most commonly used model of a hydraulic excavator in mining in crushed stone quarries. The preparation of the reclamation layer for its application begins with the fact that the bulldozer begins to feed the Quaternary rocks of the first ledge to its slope 5 with an angle of 6, in the direction of the mined-out space of the quarry, forming an embankment of Quaternary deposits 9. - 8m. will be equal to the sum of all volumes applied to each underlying inter-shoulder platform of the non-working side, minus the embankment from the technogenic mixture 8 of all ledges subject to reclamation. The thickness of the applied productive reclamation layer is assumed to be 0.5 m [1]. The width of the inter-shoulder platform 1 was taken equal to 6 m, which is provided for by the design parameters of the excavator, the main technological equipment. Next, the excavator 10 is installed on the bulk of the reclamation layer formed by the bulldozer in the form of an embankment of Quaternary deposits 9, after which the bulk is moved to the next from the surface inter-shoulder platform 3. When forming the reclamation layer on the inter-shoulder platform 1, the technogenic mixture 12 is laid at the bottom, and the Quaternary deposits 13, creating a reclamation layer with a high-quality humus composition in the upper part. With excessive volumes of technogenic mixture 8, it is also re-excavated to the next inter-shoulder area 3, mixing with Quaternary deposits 9, alternating with unloaded buckets of the excavator and forming an embankment with mixed reclamation material 14. The operation of the excavator 10 on the next inter-shoulder area 3 is repeated similarly to the given inter-shoulder area 1. Technological capabilities excavator 10 make it possible to abandon the bulldozer for leveling the surface on the intermediate platform 1.

Thus, the proposed technology simplifies reclamation work by eliminating the amount of slope flattening and reducing earthworks for applying Quaternary deposits of the upper ledge to inter-shoulder areas by forming a reclamation layer of two layers: an technogenic mixture and Quaternary deposits, including PSP with chernozem and PPP with clays , sands, sandy loams, loams, which are the basis for abundant vegetation.

Claims (1)

A method for reclamation of non-working sides of a quarry, including terracing the sides with the design of inter-shoulder areas with a reverse slope towards the side of the quarry and applying a technogenic mixture and Quaternary deposits on them, characterized in that when forming a reclamation layer on the inter-shoulder area, the technogenic mixture is laid down, and the top layer is Quaternary deposits, while reclamation work is carried out in the sequence: a bulldozer feeds Quaternary deposits of the first ledge to its slope in the direction of the mined-out space of the quarry, then the excavator is installed on the formed pile of the reclamation layer and the pile is moved to the next inter-shoulder platform from the surface while simultaneously forming the reclamation layer on this inter-shoulder area, with excessive volumes of the technogenic mixture, it is also re-excavated to the next inter-shoulder area, mixing with Quaternary deposits, alternating with unloaded excavator buckets ator.

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