RU2772729C1 - Poultry manure dehydrator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, namely to devices for dehydration of poultry manure and other similar suspensions. Device for dehydration of poultry manure contains a frame with two filter conveyors rigidly fixed in it with a filter mesh and with sharp ribs fixed to it perpendicularly, with a perforated support plate, two manure bins with a dispenser, two bins for coarse plastic material with a dispenser, two devices for removal of solid fraction residues, two baths for liquid fraction and control panel. The filter conveyors are located at an acute angle to each other and symmetrically, at an angle of 70…80° to the horizon, each, while the space between the perforated plates of the filter conveyors is hermetically sealed by side plates.

EFFECT: increasing the efficiency of the process of separating poultry manure into solid and liquid fractions, as well as reducing the specific energy consumption for dehydration of poultry manure by 30…50%.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, namely to devices for dehydration of poultry manure and other similar suspensions.

Poultry droppings may contain pathogens of infectious and parasitic diseases, weed seeds and have an unpleasant odor. Litter-free poultry manure has a moisture content of 66-74%, a viscous consistency, consisting of fine particles with a size of 0.01-0.5 mm. Drying is the best way to process raw manure to turn it into a crumbly substance, disinfected from pathogenic microflora, with weed seeds deprived of germination and neutralization of an unpleasant odor. However, to carry out the drying process - reducing the moisture content of the litter from 66 ... 74 to 12 ... 22%, a large amount of thermal energy is required, which significantly depends on the initial humidity. For example, the cost of liquid fuel for thermal drying of 1 ton of manure with 73% moisture content is 160 kg, and for drying manure with an initial moisture content of 50% - 53 kg, i.e. 3 times less. To reduce the cost of drying, preliminary mechanical dehydration is performed by pressing or centrifugation.

Therefore, the main operation for processing poultry manure for its cost-effective use is mechanical dehydration to 45 ... 50% moisture.

There is a known method for dehydrating bird droppings (author's certificate No. 1260364, publ. 09.30.1986, bull. No. 36), according to which raw manure is diluted from 80% to 94% moisture in a container equipped with a mechanical stirrer. It continuously receives chicken manure with a moisture content of 80% in the amount of 6-8 t/h, simultaneously with the manure, sulfate bischofite brine is fed into the container in the amount of 3000 l/h with a density of 1.24 t/m ³ . Chicken manure is mixed with bischofite brine for 3-6 minutes until homogenized. A screw conveyor with a capacity of 10 t/h is installed at the bottom of the tank. The resulting pulp is fed to a continuously operating industrial drum vacuum filter (for example, brand BSHOU - 40-3.4), which is equipped with a filter with a convergent canvas with a working surface of 40 m filtration. The output of dehydrated manure is 6.2 t/h with humidity 60-63%.

The disadvantages of this method include:

- high specific costs of sulfate bischofite brine per 1 ton of initial manure (375…500 l/t) to increase humidity from 80 to 94% and high energy costs for the subsequent removal of moisture from the mixture of manure with sulfate bischofite from 94% to 60% moisture.

A device is known - "Belt filter press for manure dehydration" (Author's certificate No. 683776, published 05.09.79, bull. No. 33). Belt filter press for manure dewatering, containing two endless pressure and perforated filter belts located one above the other at an acute angle, envelopes for drive and tension drums, a loading device and a sediment remover

The disadvantages of this device are the low efficiency of the separation process and unsatisfactory performance. These disadvantages are due to the “breakthrough” of a large part of the solid sediment through the filter surface up to 20% or its clogging with small hole sizes, significant additional time spent on cleaning the filter belt, squeezing out manure through the open sides between the pressure and filter belts.

The closest in technical essence and the positive effect achieved and adopted by the authors as a prototype is the "Conveyor press for dehydration of poultry manure" (patent RU 2728467), which contains a filter conveyor and located above it, at an acute angle, a clamping conveyor, a loading device and a device for solid fraction removal, drive and tension drums, control panel. The press is equipped with an additional bin for coarse plastic material with a particle size of 3…10 mm with a dispenser located in front of the poultry manure bin with a dispenser, side plates made of a material with a low friction coefficient, within 0.02…0.05, in a pair with bird droppings hermetically closing the sides between the pressure and filter conveyors, a perforated support plate for the working branch of the filter conveyor, made of a material with a low coefficient of friction, within 0.02 ... 0.05, paired with a perforated filter belt of this conveyor, supporting solid plate for the working branch of the pressure conveyor, made of a material with a low coefficient of friction, within 0.02 ... 0.05, paired with a continuous belt of this conveyor, a unit for cleaning the perforated filter belt of the filter conveyor in the form of a chamber with a roller that provides bending tape, and with the supply of pulses of compressed air into the chamber, moreover, on the outer surfaces of the filter and pressure conveyor belts, sharp ribs are fixed perpendicular to them.

Disadvantages of this device:

- during the operation of the device, a significant release of liquid was noticed through the minimum holes in the supporting surface of the pressure conveyor. The cross-sectional area through which the liquid fraction is discharged under pressure is approximately 50% of the theoretically possible. Therefore, it is possible to significantly reduce the specific energy consumption for the process.

The purpose of the present invention is to increase the efficiency of the process of separating poultry manure into solid and liquid fractions, i.e. reduction of specific energy consumption for the dehydration of bedless manure.

To achieve this goal, the device for dehydration of poultry manure contains: a frame with two filter conveyors rigidly fixed in it, located at an acute angle to each other and symmetrically, at an angle of 70 ... 80 ° to the horizon, each; hopper with a litter dispenser; two bunkers with dispensers for coarse material; two devices for removal of residual solids; two baths for collecting the liquid fraction and a control panel. The space between the supporting perforated plates of the filter conveyors is hermetically sealed by the side plates. In accordance with the prototype, on the outer surfaces of the filter belts, perpendicular to them, sharp ribs are fixed.

In the proposed device, the area of the filtering surface is doubled, since both filter conveyors are installed at an angle of 70 ... 80 ° to the horizon. By increasing the area of the filtering surface, the resistance to the exit of the liquid fraction from the manure at the same pressure during pressing is reduced. The inclination of both filter conveyors to the horizon of 70…80° ensures free flow of the liquid fraction into two baths under the action of gravitational forces. The device includes the installation of a second additional hopper with a dispenser for introducing coarse plastic material with a particle size of 3 ... 10 mm and a second unit for removing solid fraction residues.

The presence of side plates, hermetically closing the side spaces between the supporting perforated plates of the filter conveyors, exclude extrusion of bird droppings through the sides.

Thus, the use of the proposed device ensures the achievement of the set goal - reducing the specific energy consumption for the mechanical dehydration process of bedless poultry manure.

In FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a device for dehydrating poultry manure, and FIG. 2 - its longitudinal section A-A.

The proposed device for dehydration of poultry manure (Fig. 1, 2) contains: a frame 1 with two filter conveyors 2 rigidly fixed in it, located at an acute angle M to each other and symmetrically, at an angle B (70 ... 80 °) to the horizon, with a perforated filter mesh 3 and with sharp ribs 4 fixed perpendicular to it, the space between the supporting perforated plates 5 of the filter conveyors 2 is hermetically closed by side plates 10, two bins for coarse plastic material 6 with dispensers 7, a bin for manure 8 with a dispenser 9, two baths for the liquid fraction 11, connected by a pipeline to the tank for the liquid fraction 12, two devices for removing the remaining solid fraction 13, a belt conveyor 14 that moves the solid fraction leaving the filter conveyors 2 to the tank for the solid fraction 15.

The drawings do not conditionally show the control panel of the device, the compressor for supplying pulses of compressed air to two devices for removing residues of the solid fraction 13, the pipeline connecting the baths 11 with the tank for the liquid fraction 12 is not marked separately.

The letter "p" indicates the interval of location of sharp edges 4 on perforated tapes 3.

Device for dehydration of poultry manure works as follows.

Before starting work, for example, crushed straw with a particle size of 3 ... 10 mm and with a moisture content of 20 ... birds or with the cage keeping of adult birds, then, in accordance with the program for dehydration of poultry manure, the drives of the filter conveyors 2, dispensers 7 and 9, devices for removing solid fraction residues 13 and belt conveyor 14 for loading the solid fraction into container 15 are switched on from the control panel.

The mode of operation of dispensers 7 of coarse plastic material is determined experimentally to ensure the height of the layer of chopped straw (in a loose state), basically equal to the height of sharp ribs - 20 ... 30 mm. The performance of the poultry manure dispenser 9 is also determined experimentally, on average it is 7-10 times greater than the performance of the dispensers of coarse plastic material 7. From the control panel, the compressor drive is periodically turned on, connected to the cleaning units 13 from the remnants of the solid fraction of the perforated filter belts 3 of filter conveyors 2. When the device drives are turned on, first, a layer of coarse plastic material (chopped straw), 20 ... 300 mm. Since the filter conveyors 2 are located at an acute angle to each other and symmetrically, at an angle of 70 ... 80 ° to the horizon, and the hermetically closed side openings between the perforated plates 5 and the plates 10 exclude the extrusion of layers of bird droppings and coarse plastic material outward, there is a gradual compression. The liquid fraction is squeezed out of the bird droppings, penetrates through the pores of the coarse plastic material onto the perforated filter belts 3, the supporting perforated plates 5 with the size of the holes with a diameter of 1 ... and a container 12 for the liquid fraction connected to it by a pipeline.

Simultaneously with the liquid fraction, the smallest particles of bird droppings penetrate into the pores of the coarse plastic material and gradually clog them, since with gradual compression of the coarse material layer, the pore sizes in it become smaller than the size of the smallest particles of bird droppings. Under the experimentally determined optimal mode of operation, the phase of blockage of the pores of the coarse plastic material occurs in front of the unloading and cleaning units from the remnants of the solid fraction of the perforated filter belts 3 of the filter conveyors. Installed on perforated filter belts 3 filter conveyors 2 sharp ribs 4 contribute to the advancement of layers of coarse plastic material and bird droppings, without slipping, and in addition, they cut the compressed layer of the mixture with an interval "p", approximately equal to 80 ... 120 mm, while providing easier detachment of the pressed materials from the perforated belts 3 when they are bent on the drive drums of the filter conveyors 2. The plates of the compressed mixture of coarse material and poultry manure are loaded by the belt conveyor 14 into the container 15, from which they are moved by known means, for example, a screw conveyor, to subsequent processing. The particles of coarse plastic material with the smallest particles of litter remaining on the perforated filter belts 3 are removed from them in the cleaning units 13.

As a result, we get a solid fraction - a mixture of poultry manure with chopped straw with a moisture content of 35 ... 45% and a liquid fraction with a moisture content of 95 ... 98%, which are sent for subsequent processing by modern known progressive methods. For example, the subsequent removal of moisture from a mixture of poultry manure with chopped straw to a moisture content of 12 ... 23% is more economical to perform by thermal evaporation, and fodder protein is isolated from the liquid fraction of poultry manure by coagulation.

The proposed device is recommended for use in the processing of litterless poultry manure obtained from poultry cages.

Thus, the use of the proposed device ensures the achievement of the set goal - increasing the efficiency of the process of separating poultry manure into solid and liquid fractions, i.e. reduction of unit costs for the process. The proposed device for dehydration of poultry manure compared with the prototype, significantly, by 30...50%, reduces the specific energy consumption for dehydration of poultry manure.

Claims (1)

A device for dehydrating poultry manure, comprising a frame with a filter conveyor rigidly fixed in it with a filter mesh and sharp ribs fixed to it perpendicularly, with a perforated support plate, a manure hopper with a dispenser, a hopper for coarse plastic material with a dispenser, a device for removing residues solid fraction, a bath for the liquid fraction and a control panel, characterized in that it contains two filter conveyors located at an acute angle to each other and symmetrically, at an angle of 70 ... 80 ° to the horizon, each, two hoppers for coarse plastic material with dispensers , two solids skimmers and two liquid fraction baths, the space between the perforated plates of the filter conveyors being hermetically sealed by the side plates.

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