RU2728467C1 - Conveyor press for bird droppings dehydration - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the agriculture. Conveyor press for bird droppings dehydration comprises filtering conveyor and located above it, at acute angle, pressure transporter, loading device and device for removal of solid fraction, drive and tensioning drums, control panel. Equipped with additional hopper for coarse-grained plastic material with particle size of 3…10 mm with dispenser arranged in front of bird droppings bunker with dosing unit, side plates tightly closing sides between clamping and filtering conveyors, support perforated plate for working branch of filtering conveyor, support solid plate for working branch of pressure transporter. Side plates, support perforated plate and support solid plate are made of material with low friction coefficient, within 0.02…0.05. There is a unit for cleaning a perforated filter belt of a filtering conveyor in the form of a chamber with a roller, which provides bending of the tape, and with supply of pulses of compressed air into the chamber. Sharp ribs are fixed perpendicular to outer surfaces of filtering and pressure conveyor belts.

EFFECT: technical result is to reduce the amount of poultry manure solid fraction penetration into liquid, reducing 3–5 times the amount of auxiliary materials for performing a dehydration process, avoiding water consumption for regeneration of the filter tape and subsequent cleaning thereof, as well as separation of protein nitrogen from non-protein nitrogen compounds for more useful use.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to a device for dewatering poultry manure and other similar suspensions.

Poultry droppings have a moisture content of 66-74%, a viscous consistency, consisting of fine particles ranging in size from 0.01-0.5 mm.

Up to 50% of the biological value of feed remains in poultry droppings, especially a lot of valuable nitrogen. Nitrogen in poultry manure is divided mainly into protein and non-protein nitrogen. It is advisable to reuse compounds with protein nitrogen for feeding poultry and pigs, and nitrogenous compounds of non-protein nature for feeding ruminants or as fertilizers for plants. Non-protein nitrogen compounds, which make up 35-50% of the total nitrogen in poultry manure, are uric acid, which is poorly soluble in water and remains in the solid fraction when dehydrated.

Therefore, the main operation of processing poultry manure for its cost-effective use is its separation into solid and liquid fractions, that is, dehydration.

The known method of dehydration of poultry droppings (copyright certificate No. 1260364, publ. 09/30/1986, bul. No. 36), in accordance with which produce the dilution of raw droppings from 80% to 94% moisture in a container equipped with a mechanical stirrer. It continuously receives chicken manure with a moisture content of 80% in the amount of 6-8 t / h, simultaneously with the droppings, brine of bischofite sulfate in an amount of 3000 l / h with a density of 1.24 t / m ^{3 is} fed into the container. Chicken droppings are mixed with bischofite brine for 3-6 minutes until homogenization. A screw conveyor with a capacity of 10 t / h is installed in the lower part of the tank. The resulting slurry is fed to a continuously operating commercially available drum vacuum filter (for example, BSHOU brand - 40-3.4), which is equipped with a converging web filter with a filtration working surface of 40 m ² . The output of dewatered manure is 6.2 t / h with a moisture content of 60-63%.

The disadvantages of this method include:

- high specific costs of bischofite sulphate brine per 1 ton of initial manure (375 ... 500 l / t) to increase moisture content from 80 to 94% and high energy costs for subsequent moisture removal from a mixture of manure with sulphate bischofite from 94% to 60% moisture.

The closest in technical essence and the achieved positive effect and adopted by the authors as a prototype is a belt filter press for manure dewatering, containing two located one above the other, at an acute angle, endless pressing and perforated filter belts, enveloping drive and tension drums, a loading device and device for removing sediment (Inventor's certificate No. 683776, published 09/05/1979, bul. No. 33. Belt filter press for manure dehydration).

The disadvantages of this device are low efficiency of the separation process and unsatisfactory performance properties. These disadvantages are due to the "breakthrough" of a large part of the solid sediment through the filtering surface up to 20% or its clogging with small hole sizes, significant additional time spent on cleaning the filter belt, squeezing manure through the open sides between the pressure and filter belts.

Disclosure of invention

The purpose of the invention is to improve the efficiency of the process of separating poultry droppings into solid and liquid fractions, to ensure waste-free production of eggs and poultry meat.

To achieve this goal, a conveyor press for dewatering poultry manure, containing a filter conveyor and located above it, at an acute angle, a pressure conveyor, a loading device and a device for removing sediment, drive and tension drums, a control panel, it is equipped with an additional hopper for coarse plastic material with a particle size of 3 ... 10 mm and with a dispenser located in front of the bunker for poultry manure with a dispenser; side plates made of a material with a low coefficient of friction, in the range of 0.02 ... 0.05, paired with poultry droppings, hermetically closing the sides between the pressure and filter conveyors; a supporting perforated plate for the working branch of the filter conveyor, made of a material with a low coefficient of friction, in the range of 0.02 ... 0.05, paired with a perforated filter belt of this conveyor; a supporting solid plate for the working branch of the pressing conveyor, made of a material with a low coefficient of friction, in the range of 0.02 ... 0.05, paired with a continuous belt of this conveyor; a unit for cleaning the perforated filter belt of the filtering conveyor in the form of a chamber with a roller that provides bending of the belt and supplying compressed air pulses to the chamber; moreover, on the outer surfaces of the belts of the filtering and pressing conveyors, sharp edges are fixed perpendicular to them.

In the proposed device, the function of a pre-filter to reduce the moisture content of poultry droppings is performed by a constantly replaceable coarse plastic material with a particle size of 3 ... 10 mm, which is a useful ingredient in a mixture with the solid fraction of poultry droppings. Since the period of pressing poultry droppings is short - 2 ... 3 minutes, micro-holes (pores) in a coarsely dispersed plastic material (for example, in chopped straw) do not have time to clog up with particles of fine material - poultry droppings, and the liquid is passed through. In contrast to other methods, the need for the consumption of auxiliary material for dehydration of poultry droppings is 3 ... 7% instead of, for example, 25 ... 100% of phosphogypsum by weight of dry matter (in accordance with patent No. 1749216, publ. 23.07.1992, Bul. No. 27). The presence of side plates, hermetically closing the side spaces between the filtering and pressing conveyors, exclude the squeezing of poultry droppings through the sides. The use of material for the manufacture of support plates of conveyors and side plates with a low coefficient of friction, in the range of 0.02 ... 0.05, paired with conveyor belts and poultry droppings, reduces the effort to perform the operation. The presence of sharp ribs, fixed perpendicular to the conveyor belts, provides an incision in the compressed layer of a mixture of poultry manure with coarse plastic material and therefore contributes to its separation from the perforated belt of the filter conveyor, and the use of a cleaning unit in the form of a chamber with a roller performing bending of the belt and the formation of cylindrical holes in conical, and with the supply of compressed air impulses to the chamber provides high-quality cleaning of the perforated belt of the filter conveyor without the use of regeneration water for this purpose. Thus, in the proposed device, a coarse plastic material with a particle size of 3 ... 10 mm, constantly replaceable, absorbs small particles of the solid fraction of poultry droppings and provides a significant reduction in the amount of solid fraction of droppings in the liquid. In addition, the use of this device provides the possibility of subsequent extraction from the filtrate, using modern promising devices, concentrated feed protein and obtaining a pulp (a compressed mixture of a solid fraction of manure with chopped straw), which can be easily converted into a loosened mass, dried, by the method of moisture evaporation, with with minimal energy consumption up to 18 ... 22% moisture, granulate and use it as a feed additive for ruminants, fertilizer or fuel.

Thus, the use of the proposed device ensures the achievement of the set technical result - increasing the efficiency of the process of separating poultry droppings into solid and liquid fractions, ensuring waste-free production of eggs and poultry meat.

FIG. 1 shows a longitudinal section of a conveyor press for dewatering poultry manure, and FIG. 2 its cross-section AA.

The proposed conveyor press for dewatering poultry droppings (Figs. 1, 2) contains: a frame 1, placed on it a filtered conveyor 2 with a body 3, with a perforated filter belt 4, on which sharp edges 5 are rigidly fixed perpendicular to it and a supporting perforated plate 6 (made of a material with a low coefficient of friction, in the range of 0.02 ... 0.05, paired with a perforated tape 4); hopper 7 for coarse flexible material with a particle size of 3 ... 10 mm and with a dispenser 8, located in front of the hopper 9 for poultry droppings with a dispenser 10; pressure conveyor 11 with a continuous belt 12 and rigidly, perpendicular to it, fixed by sharp edges 13 and a support solid plate 14 (made of a material with a low friction coefficient in the range of 0.02 ... 0.05, paired with a solid belt 12, side plates 15, hermetically attached to the housings 3 and 16 (Fig. 2) of the filter 2 and pressure 11 conveyors, respectively (made of a material with a low friction coefficient in the range of 0.02 ... 0.05, paired with poultry droppings; container 17 for collecting compressed solid fraction of a mixture of poultry manure with coarse material; a unit for cleaning the perforated belt of the filter conveyor in the form of a chamber with a roller 18, which ensures the bending of the belt, and with the supply of compressed air impulses from the compressor 19, a bath 20 for collecting the liquid fraction of the suspension, located between the working and reverse branches of the filter conveyor belt and connected to the tank for short-term storage of the liquid fraction of the suspension 21, frontal I plate 20, hermetically connected to the side plates 15 and the bunker for poultry droppings 9.

The drawings do not conventionally show the device control panel.

Roman numerals "I" indicate the direction of loading coarse material, "II" - direction of loading poultry droppings, "III" - direction of unloading solid fraction of a mixture of poultry manure with coarse material, "IV" - direction of unloading liquid fraction of poultry manure. The letter "a" denotes the interval of the location of sharp edges 5 and 13 on tapes 4 and 12.

A conveyor press for dewatering poultry manure is operated as follows.

Before starting work, the hopper for coarse plastic material 7 is loaded, for example, chopped straw with a particle size of 3 ... 10 mm and a moisture content of 20 ... 50% (in Fig. 1 shown by arrow I), and into the bunker 9 - poultry droppings with a moisture content of 70 ... 80% from a poultry house with cage rearing of young poultry or with cage keeping of adult poultry (shown by arrow II), then, in accordance with the program for dehydration of poultry droppings from the control panel (not shown in Figs. 1 and 2), the drive of the filter conveyor 2 is switched on and dispenser drive 8. It should be noted that when using a rigid, non-plastic coarse material, a rupture of the perforated filter belt is possible when pressed on it. When using coarse material with a particle size of less than 3 mm, there is a high probability of clogging the holes of the perforated filter belt 4 with the size of the holes in it, for example, a mesh conveyor belt, 1 × 1 mm, or 2 × 2 mm, which are "by default" provided in it in the prototype. If the particle size of the coarse plastic material is more than 10 mm, its layering is possible on sharp edges fixed on the perforated filter belt 4, which will significantly complicate the incision of the sintered layers of the plastic coarse material and poultry droppings and the subsequent peeling of the plates of the compressed mixture from the perforated filter belt 4.

The mode of operation of the dispenser 8 of coarse plastic material is determined experimentally to ensure the height of the layer of crushed straw (in a loose state), basically equal to the height of sharp edges 5 - 20 ... 30 mm. After 0.5-1 minutes, the drive of the dispenser 10 for poultry droppings and the pressure conveyor 11 are turned on. The performance of the dispenser 10 for poultry droppings is determined experimentally, on average it is 7-10 times greater than the performance of the dispenser for coarse plastic material, therefore the volume of the channel between the two conveyors (filter 2 and pressure 11), two side plates 15 and front plate 22 quickly (in 1-2 minutes) is filled. From the control panel, the compressor drive 19 is switched on, connected to the unit for cleaning the perforated belt of the filter conveyor in the form of a chamber with a roller 18.

With the device drives turned on, first, a layer of coarse plastic material (chopped straw), 20 ... 30 mm high, is loaded and leveled onto the perforated filter belt 4, then poultry droppings with a layer height of 100 ... 150 mm are fed by the dispenser 10 of the bunker 9. Since the pressure conveyor 11 is located at an acute angle equal to 3 ... 70 ° ("by default" provided in the prototype) relative to the filter conveyor 2, and the hermetically sealed side openings between the bodies 3 and 16, the plates 15 exclude the extrusion of layers of poultry manure and coarse plastic material outward, their gradual compression occurs. The need to seal openings between housings 3 and 16 has caused the need to use materials of plates 15 with a low coefficient of friction, in the range of 0.02 ... 0.05, paired with poultry droppings, for example, Teflon (secoroplast) sheets, similarly, it is advisable to use materials for manufacturing a perforated filter belt 4, a support perforated plate 6 and a solid belt 12, a support solid plate 14 with a low friction coefficient, in the range of 0.02 ... 0.05, paired with each other, respectively. Similarly, the use of solid Teflon sheet, solid Teflon tape, Teflon mesh conveyor belt and Teflon sheet with holes drilled in it, for example, with a diameter of 1 ... 2. The use of materials for the manufacture of the listed parts with a friction coefficient of more than 0.05 paired with a similar material and with poultry droppings is not advisable, since it will cause the need for a significant increase in energy consumption for performing the process of dehydrating poultry droppings.

The liquid fraction is squeezed out of the poultry droppings, penetrates through the pores of the coarsely dispersed plastic material onto the perforated filter belt 4, the perforated support plate 6 with the size of holes 1 ... 2 mm in diameter, staggered ("by default" are provided in the prototype), flows into the bath 20 and a container connected to it for short-term storage of the liquid fraction of poultry manure 21 from which, by known means, for example, a pump, is transferred for further processing in the direction indicated by the arrow IV.

Simultaneously with the liquid fraction, the smallest particles of poultry droppings penetrate into the pores of the coarsely dispersed plastic material and gradually clog them, since with the gradual compression of the layer of coarse material, the pore sizes in it become smaller than the size of the smallest particles of poultry droppings. Under the experimentally determined optimal operating mode, the phase of clogging of the pores of the coarsely dispersed plastic material occurs before the unit for unloading and cleaning the perforated belt of the filter conveyor in the form of a chamber with a roller 18. Installed on the belts 4 and 12 of the filter 2 and pressure 11 conveyors, sharp edges 5 and 13 contribute to the advancement of the layers coarse plastic material and poultry droppings, without slipping, and in addition, they cut the compressed layer of the mixture with an interval "a", approximately equal to 80 ... 120 mm, while providing easier peeling of the compressed materials from the conveyor belts 4 and 12 when they bend drive drums of filtering 2 and pressure 11 conveyors. The plates of the compressed mixture of coarse material and poultry droppings fall into a container 17, from which, by known means, for example, a belt conveyor, are transferred for further processing in the direction indicated by arrow III. The particles of coarse plastic material remaining on the belt 4 are removed from it in the unit for cleaning the perforated belt of the filter conveyor in the form of a chamber with a roller 18. The roller provides local bending of the perforated belt 4 and a short-term transformation of rectangular holes in it into conical holes and therefore contributes to high-quality cleaning of the perforated filter belt 4 when supplying pulses of compressed air from the compressor 19 to the chamber. Manufacturing of a support perforated plate 6, a support solid plate 14, side plates 15 from a material with a low friction coefficient, in the range of 0.02 ... 0.05, paired with a perforated filter belt 4, with a continuous belt 12 and from poultry droppings significantly reduces the energy consumption for the suspension dehydration process. As a result, we get a solid fraction - a mixture of poultry droppings with chopped straw with a moisture content of 50 ... 55% and a liquid fraction with a moisture content of 95 ... 98%, which are sent for further processing by modern well-known progressive methods. For example, the subsequent removal of moisture from a mixture of poultry droppings with chopped straw is up to 12 ... 23% more economical to perform by thermal evaporation, and fodder protein is isolated from the liquid fraction of poultry dung by coagulation using acid or heating, filtering and drying.

The proposed device is recommended for use when processing poultry manure obtained from the cage keeping of poultry.

The proposed conveyor press for dewatering poultry manure in comparison with the prototype

- a significant reduction in the amount of penetration of the solid fraction of poultry manure into the liquid;

- the use of a 3 ... 5 times smaller amount of auxiliary materials for the process of dehydration of poultry droppings,

- exclusion of water consumption for regeneration of the filter belt and its subsequent cleaning,

- ensuring the possibility of separating protein nitrogen from nitrogenous compounds of non-protein nature for more beneficial use;

- simplification of the construction of the conveyor press.

Claims (1)

A conveyor press for dewatering poultry manure, containing a filter conveyor and located above it, at an acute angle, a pressure conveyor, a loading device and a device for removing a solid fraction, drive and tension drums, a control panel, characterized in that it is equipped with an additional hopper for coarse plastic material with a particle size of 3 ... 10 mm with a dispenser located in front of the hopper for poultry droppings with a dispenser, side plates made of material with a low friction coefficient, in the range of 0.02 ... 0.05, paired with poultry droppings, hermetically closing the side sides between the pressure and filter conveyors, a support perforated plate for the working branch of the filter conveyor, made of a material with a low friction coefficient, in the range of 0.02 ... 0.05, paired with a perforated filter belt of this conveyor, a support solid plate for the working branch of the pressure conveyor made of ma material with a low friction coefficient, in the range of 0.02 ... 0.05, paired with a continuous belt of this conveyor, a unit for cleaning the perforated filter belt of the filter conveyor in the form of a chamber with a roller that ensures the belt bend, and with the supply of compressed air pulses to the chamber, moreover, on the outer surfaces of the belts of the filtering and pressing conveyors, sharp edges are fixed perpendicular to them.

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