RU2770007C1 - Method for castration of male dogs - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary surgery.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to veterinary surgery. The surgical field is prepared, the testes are pushed into the inguinal region with simultaneous retraction of the scrotum bottom in the opposite direction, a circular incision is made in the middle of the scrotum neck with dissection of the skin, musculo-elastic membrane and fascia of the scrotum and their displacement to the lower part of the testes without dissection of the common vaginal membrane. A suture ligature is applied to the spermatic cords, the testicles are removed by crossing the spermatic cords, the edges of the surgical wound are sutured with a continuous intradermal suture using monofilament or pseudo-monofilament synthetic absorbable sutures. The suture is applied with one long thread with fixation of the fixing knot under the skin in the anterior corner of the wound, then with alternate injections and punctures of the needle from the side of the wound channel perpendicular to the edges of the skin wound to a depth of 3-5 mm with a distance of 4-5 mm captured in each stitch of the suture parallel to the edges of the wound in the thickness of the skin and the muscular-elastic membrane, followed by a surgical knot, which is immersed under the skin by puncturing the needle from the inside to the outside, stepping back 5 mm from the posterior edge of the sutured wound towards the perineum.

EFFECT: frequency of postoperative complications decreases.

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Description

The invention relates to veterinary surgery and can be used in the work of veterinary clinics in the castration of large males or animals with injuries and neoplasms in the scrotum, intravaginal hernia, dropsy of the common vaginal membrane.

Castration of males is carried out for therapeutic purposes in case of neoplasms, deep traumatic injuries, as well as in order to improve the exploitation of sled dogs and change the behavioral qualities of the animal.

Castration of large males (especially adult and old animals) in the classical way (when the testicles are removed through two incisions made parallel to the suture of the scrotum, without subsequent suturing of post-castration wounds (Operative surgery with topographic anatomy / edited by E.I. Veremey, B.S. Semenova - St. Petersburg: KVADRO LLC, COSTA Publishing and Printing Company LLC, 2012. - 560 p.) without amputation of the scrotum leads to postoperative complications, including severe lymphostasis and inflammatory edema of the scrotum, followed by cellular infiltration of paravulnar tissues, which further leads to gaping and contamination, and in some cases, to infection of post-castration wounds.Delay in the reparative regeneration of such wounds is also caused by their constant licking by castrated animals. the area has a scrotal cavity after the removal of the testicles, the more long the processes of formation formation and maturation of granulation tissue that fills the wound defect.

Known analogues of the cable castration method proposed by the authors are:

Castration of old rams (the method of M.A. Khanin) (Magda I.I. Operative surgery with the basics of topographic anatomy of domestic animals / I.I. Magda, B.Z. Itkin, I.I. Voronin. - Ed. 3rd , corrected and added - M .: Kolos, 1979. - 360 s)

Castration of old rams and goats with amputation of the scrotum (Operative surgery with topographic anatomy / Edited by E.I. Veremey, B.S. Semenov. - St. Petersburg: KVADRO LLC, KOSTA Publishing and Printing Company LLC, 2012. - 560 p.

A known method of castration of small domestic animals (Patent RU 2130299, 20.05.1999). The disadvantage of this method is that it is ineffective for males due to differences in their anatomical structure.

The problem solved by the present invention is to develop a method that reduces the incidence of postoperative complications.

To solve the problem, the authors propose a bloody closed method of castration of male dogs with amputation of the scrotum, followed by suturing the surgical wound with intradermal sutures. This method of castration can be used in old large males, with injuries and neoplasms of the scrotum, which allows performing reconstructive operations and preventing septic complications.

Technically, the problem is solved by the fact that in the method of castration of males with amputation of the scrotum, characterized by the preparation of the surgical field, pushing the testes into the inguinal region while pulling the bottom of the scrotum in the opposite direction, making a circular incision in the middle of the neck of the scrotum with dissection of the skin, musculo-elastic membrane and fascia of the scrotum and shifting them to the lower part of the testicles, without dissection of the common vaginal membrane, applying a suture ligature to the spermatic cords, removing the testes by crossing the spermatic cords, suturing the edges of the surgical wound with a continuous intradermal suture using monofilament or pseudo-monofilament synthetic absorbable sutures, allowing you to tightly combine the edges wounds after tightening the thread and excluding the procedure for removing sutures, which is applied with one long thread with fixation of the fixing knot under the skin in the anterior corner of the wound, then alternately puncturing and puncturing the needle from the side the wound channel is perpendicular to the edges of the skin wound to a depth of 3-5 mm with a distance of 4-5 mm in each stitch of the seam parallel to the edges of the wound in the thickness of the skin and the musculo-elastic membrane, followed by a surgical knot, which is immersed under the skin by pricking the needle from the inside out stepping back 5 mm from the posterior edge of the sutured wound towards the perineum.

In contrast to the known methods in the proposed method of castration, post-castration wounds in males are completely closed with sutures, without leaving drains for wound discharge. This is justified by the fact that specific differences in the structure of the scrotum and testicles in male farm animals and dogs make it possible, after its amputation, to avoid the formation of a residual cavity (pocket), in which easily infected tissue fluid and blood elements accumulate.

In FIG. 1 shows a circular incision in the neck of the scrotum with a dissection of the skin, musculo-elastic membrane and fascia of the scrotum (without dissection of the common vaginal membrane).

In FIG. 2 shows the displacement of the dissected tissues of the scrotum to the lower part of the testicles for the subsequent imposition of suture ligatures on the spermatic cords enclosed in a common vaginal membrane. In FIG. 3 - suturing the edges of the surgical wound with a continuous intradermal suture using pseudo-monofilament synthetic absorbable sutures.

In FIG. 4 - appearance of the sutured postoperative wound during castration of male dogs with amputation of the scrotum.

The castration technique for males with amputation of the scrotum is as follows. After preparing the field of operation, capturing and pulling the bottom of the scrotum, the testes are maximally displaced to the inguinal region and a circular incision is made in the middle of the scrotum neck, dissecting the skin, muscular-elastic membrane and fascia of the scrotum (Fig. 1). Then the scrotum is separated from the uncut common vaginal membrane and shifted to the lower part of the testes (Fig. 2). Each of the spermatic cords, enclosed in a common vaginal sheath, is sutured with a synthetic absorbable suture (we recommend using a polyglycolide suture). Departing from the ligature towards the testis by 10 mm, the spermatic cord is crossed with scissors. The stump of the spermatic cord after removal of the testis is cauterized with a 5% alcohol solution of iodine or an electrocoagulator is used. Do the same with the second seed. The edges of the surgical wound are sutured with a continuous intradermal suture using a monofilament or pseudo-monofilament synthetic absorbable suture material. The suture is applied with one long thread with fixation of the fixing knot under the skin in the anterior corner of the wound, then with alternate injections and punctures of the needle from the side of the wound channel perpendicular to the edges of the skin wound to a depth of 3-5 mm with a distance of 4-5 mm in each stitch of the suture parallel to the edges of the wound in the thickness of the skin and the muscular-elastic membrane (Fig. 3). The suture is completed with a surgical knot, which is immersed under the skin by puncturing the needle from the inside to the outside, retreating 5 mm from the posterior edge of the sutured wound towards the perineum. In this case, the edges of the wound are tightly aligned along the suture line after tightening the thread (Fig. 4).

After fusion of the edges of the surgical wound, the procedure for removing sutures is not required.

The presented technique of castration of animals excludes a number of postoperative complications: bleeding, development of septic processes in the wound, injury and frostbite of the scrotum, self-injury by the animal (gnawing out the suture material). The proposed method of castration of males eliminates the communication of the abdominal and pelvic cavities with the external environment, which prevents the penetration of microflora into the cavity of the scrotum, vaginal canal and abdominal cavity and the occurrence of inflammation. Thus, this method of castration of males with amputation of the scrotum and suturing the wound with an intradermal suture promotes healing of the post-castration wound by primary intention.

The effectiveness of the method of castration of males with amputation of the scrotum is confirmed by the results of clinical, hematological and pathoanatomical studies performed in 45 males of large breeds during experimental and clinical operations.

Clinical examples:

Clinical case 1. Patient - male, nickname - Jack, age - 2 years, breed Alabai. Indications for surgery: the operation was performed at the request of the owners in order to exclude unwanted offspring from the animal. Operation date: 06.10.2020.

Castration was performed with amputation of the scrotum. The wound was sutured by applying an intradermal suture. PHA 3/0 was used as a suture material. Good cooptation of the edges and walls of the wound was observed immediately after suturing. The length of the seam was 12 cm.

Due to the fact that the animal was kept at home in the postoperative period, the owners were instructed in terms of keeping the animal. The treatment of the seam was carried out with a spray "Terramycin" once in a clinic. A visit to the patient was scheduled for 5, 10 days after the operation.

During visual examination on the 5th and 10th days of the postoperative period, the wound scar and surrounding tissues were dry. On the 5th day, the inflammatory edema was slightly expressed. On the 10th day, a strong thin scar was formed in the area of the suture, which, together with the areas of the skin adjacent to it, were well mobile relative to the underlying tissues and elastic.

Clinical case 2. The patient is a b/p male, nickname - Bos, age - 4 years. Diagnosis: planned castration. Date of operation: 11/27/2020.

Castration was performed with amputation of the scrotum. PGA thread 0 (for ligating the spermatic cords), 3/0 (for suturing a postoperative wound) was used as a suture material. The suturing of the castration wound was performed by applying an intradermal suture according to the described method. After tightening the thread, an exact matching of the edges of the sutured wound was observed. The length of the suture was 12 cm. The treatment of the surface part of the suture was carried out once with the Terramycin spray, immediately after suturing. Antibiotic therapy was not prescribed.

Inspection of the sutured wound and wound scar in the operated animal was performed on the 3rd and 14th days. When examining the wound, the presence of a moderately pronounced postoperative traumatic edema and the absence of dehiscence were noted. By the 14th day after the operation, a thin strong plastic scar with a width of the epithelized part of 1.5 mm was formed in the suture area.

Clinical case 3. Patient - male, nickname - Albrus, age - 3 years, breed - Caucasian Shepherd Dog. Diagnosis: lacerated wounds in the scrotum. Operation date: 02/03/2021.

Was carried out castration with amputation of the scrotum according to the described method. PDS II 3/0 was used as suture material. The length of the suture was 14 cm. Good cooptation of the edges and walls of the surgical wound was observed immediately after suturing.

The sutured wound was treated once with the Terramycin spray. During the postoperative period, the patient was kept at home. The owners were instructed in terms of feeding, maintenance and treatment of the operated animal. A five-day course of antibiotic therapy was prescribed - Ciprovet (at the rate of 5 mg per 1 kg of animal weight).

Inspection of the wound scar in the animal was performed on the 5th and 14th postoperative days. On the 5th day moderate inflammation was expressed. By the 14th day, a strong thin epithelized scar was formed, 1.7 mm wide. The tissues surrounding the wound scar were mobile and elastic.

Claims (1)

The method of castration of males, characterized by the preparation of the surgical field, pushing the testes into the inguinal region with simultaneous pulling the bottom of the scrotum in the opposite direction, making a circular incision in the middle of the neck of the scrotum with dissection of the skin, musculo-elastic membrane and fascia of the scrotum and shifting them to the lower part of the testes, without dissection of the common vaginal membrane, application of a suture ligature to the spermatic cords, removal of the testes by crossing the spermatic cords, suturing the edges of the surgical wound with a continuous intradermal suture using monofilament or pseudo-monofilament synthetic absorbable sutures, which makes it possible to tightly align the edges of the wound after tightening the suture and excluding the procedure for removing sutures, which apply with one long thread with fixation of the fixing knot under the skin in the anterior corner of the wound, then with alternate injections and punctures of the needle from the side of the wound channel perpendicular to the edges of the skin wound to a depth of 3-5 mm with capture in each stitch of the seam a distance of 4-5 mm parallel to the edges of the wound in the thickness of the skin and the muscular-elastic membrane, followed by the completion of the surgical knot, which is immersed under the skin by pricking the needle from the inside out, stepping back 5 mm from the posterior edge of the sutured wound towards the perineum.

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