RU2769861C1 - Staircase and elevator assembly of a multi-storey building - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: design.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of design, construction and operation of multi-storey buildings and structures to ensure the fire safety of people in them. The effect is achieved by the fact that the stair-lift assembly of a multi-storey building with a passenger-and-freight elevator contains on each floor a stairwell with a platform, exits to it from the premises, an entrance to the elevator and flights of stairs, while on each floor of the building an external security zone is equipped with a single-level exit on it from the premises along the landing of the staircase, while the flights of stairs are located to each other at an angle of 90°.EFFECT: providing the ability to move people with limited mobility to a special fire-safe zone - an open smoke-free air safety zone located on a balcony or loggia, without the need to use stairs.5 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of design, construction and operation of multi-storey buildings and structures to ensure the fire safety of people in them.

Fire protection is one of the most important factors in ensuring the safety of people inside a multi-storey building. Requirements for fire protection of multi-storey buildings may vary depending on its functional purpose, overall height, structures used, tools and equipment used in case of fire.

A feature of fire safety for people in a multi-storey building is the significant difficulty in their evacuation in the event of a fire and the difficulties in fighting the fire itself. One of the escape routes in multi-storey buildings is stairs, in which, with an increase in the number of floors, the danger of smoke increases.

To ensure the safety of using staircases, they are made smoke-free. To do this, flights of stairs and especially exits to the outside are designed taking into account the inadmissibility of fire and smoke getting there, as well as its quick removal when it enters the space of flights during evacuation from floor to floor (see RU 77892, RU 2297501).

Another escape route in multi-storey buildings may be fire elevators, which must remain smoke-free in the event of a fire. This is ensured by a ventilation system that creates excess pressure in the elevator shafts and does not allow smoke and fire to spread through the elevator shafts to the floors (see GOST R 52382-2010 Passenger elevators. Elevators for firefighters).

Special lifting devices or ladders are known for evacuating people from a burning building (see RU 2326226, 53304, etc.).

But all of these evacuation options are of little use for people with limited mobility. The issues of ensuring the safety of such groups of the population are the most difficult, especially in the framework of the typical construction of residential buildings.

People with limited mobility include people who have difficulty moving independently, receiving services, necessary information, or orienting themselves in space. Disabled people, people with limited (temporarily or permanently) health abilities, people with baby strollers, etc. are classified as low-mobility groups of the population. (see SP 1.13130 "Fire protection systems. Evacuation routes and exits", SP 59.13330.2016 "Accessibility of buildings and structures for people with limited mobility").

Ordinary elevators are de-energized during a fire, fire elevators are intended primarily for the movement of fire brigades and for people with limited mobility, their use is difficult. In addition, such elevators are not always installed in ordinary residential buildings. Special lifting mechanisms and ladders installed outside a burning building require that at least access to them be accessible to people with limited mobility. This is not always provided.

The most affordable rescue option for people with limited mobility is the presence of safety zones. In accordance with paragraph 6.2.25 of SP 59.13330.2016, if it is impossible to ensure the timely evacuation of all disabled people within the required time from each of the floors of a building or structure, then safe zones should be provided on these floors in which disabled people can be until they are rescued by fire departments .

The security zone may include the area of a loggia or balcony, separated by fire barriers from the rest of the premises of the floor that are not included in the security zone.

Such security zones to accommodate people with limited mobility must meet certain requirements. One of the main conditions is the ability to move without the use of stairs. It is precisely because of the need to overcome flights of stairs that people with limited mobility, especially those who move in wheelchairs, often find themselves locked in burning and / or smoky parts of the building.

Thus, in an emergency situation, there is practically no reliable system that ensures the rapid and safe evacuation of a large number of people from buildings whose height does not exceed 28 m, especially the elderly, children, the disabled, pregnant women, sick and injured people, accompanying persons, related to people with limited mobility.

As the closest analogue, a residential multi-storey building with ordinary staircases of the L1 type was chosen (see the Code of Rules for the Design and Construction of SP 31-107-2004 Architectural and Planning Solutions for Multi-Apartment Residential Buildings ”(approved by the letter of the State Construction Committee of the Russian Federation dated April 28, 2004 No. LB- 131/9).

According to SP 31-107-2004, a staircase-elevator assembly is a planning element that includes a staircase, one or more elevators and an elevator hall, sometimes a garbage chute shaft.

Staircase type L1 is used in residential buildings up to 28 m high. It is characterized by the presence on each floor of glazed (or open) openings in the outer walls with an area of at least 1.2 m ² .

Such a residential multi-storey building with a passenger-and-freight elevator includes on each floor a staircase with a landing and exits to it from apartments, built-in, built-in-attached and other premises, as well as with an entrance to the elevator and flights of stairs located at an angle of 180 ° to each other.

Access for people with limited mobility (M2-M4) to the premises located on different floors of a multi-storey building, including for exiting the building, is carried out only with the help of an elevator and / or through stairwells and flights of stairs.

Thus, in residential buildings with staircases of the L1 type, people with limited mobility, in particular, those using wheelchairs, will not be able to get out of the building on their own in the event of a fire.

The objective of this technical solution is to provide the ability to move people with limited mobility to a special fire-safe zone - an open smoke-free air safety zone located on a balcony or loggia, without the need to use stairs.

This problem is solved due to the fact that in the staircase-elevator node of multi-storey buildings with a cargo-passenger elevator, containing on each floor a staircase with a platform, exits to it from the premises, an entrance to the elevator and flights of stairs, according to the invention, on each floor of the building is equipped an external security zone with a single-level access to it from the premises along the landing of the staircase, while the flights of stairs are located to each other at an angle close to 90 °.

The outer security area is separated from the stairwell by a fire barrier.

The outer safety zone is made open on at least one side.

The outer security zone is made in the form of a loggia.

The outer security zone is made in the form of a balcony.

Equipping the building with security zones with the possibility of one-level travel from the apartment along the landing to the exit to the security zone (loggia, balcony) allows people with limited mobility to get into the security zone without climbing or descending flights of stairs.

Achievable technical result :

by changing the location of flights of stairs and creating an external smoke-free security zone combined with the stairwell on each floor, additional space was freed up for free single-level passage and wheelchair access to the specified security zone.

To free up free access to the exit to the security zone, a new layout of flights of stairs was implemented. Instead of the traditional arrangement of marches at an angle of 180°, a more compact scheme has been developed - the arrangement of marches at 90°. As a result, a free area appeared on the site for passage and passage to the safety zone, the dimensions of which comply with the requirements of SP 1.1.13130 “Fire protection systems. Evacuation routes and exits.

The essence of the proposed technical solution is illustrated by drawings, where in Fig. 1 shows the right variant for the longitudinal arrangement of the elevator, in Fig. 2 - the left version for the longitudinal arrangement of the elevator, in Fig. 3 - right variant for the transverse arrangement of the elevator and in Fig. 4 - left version for the transverse arrangement of the elevator.

A multi-storey building includes premises (including: residential apartments, built-in, built-in and other premises) 1 and a stair-lift unit connected on each floor with a combined security zone 2 - a balcony or a loggia.

On each floor, a staircase is made, including platform 3, elevator 4 and flights of stairs 5. Entrances 6 from all premises 1 (including apartments, built-in, built-in-attached and other premises) go to platform 3. Exit 7 to the security zone 2 is also located on site 3.

Exit 7 to the outer security zone combined with the staircase is made in the form of a fire door.

On each floor, all premises 1 (including apartments, built-in, built-in-attached and other premises), site 3 and security zone 2 are located on the same level.

Flights of stairs 5 are arranged in two sections at an angle to each other close to 90°.

Due to this location on site 3, a free single-level area is formed, along which you can go to elevator 4, to flights of stairs 5 and to safety zone 2. People with limited mobility can also drive from all premises 1 adjacent to the stairwells in wheelchairs to elevator 4 .

In the event of a fire or other emergency, the elevators are de-energized. At the same time, mobile groups of the population can move to the exit from the building along flights of stairs 5.

People with limited mobility, especially those who use wheelchairs, move from premises (including from apartments, built-in, built-in-attached and other premises) 1 to site 3, pass through it to exit 7 to the outer area combined with the staircase security zone 2 and further through the fire door they enter directly into security zone 2. Security zone 2 can be made in the form of an open balcony or loggia.

Two versions of flights of stairs 5 have been developed for the longitudinal and transverse arrangement of elevators 4 (see Fig. 1 and 2 for the longitudinal arrangement of the elevator and 3 and 4 for the transverse arrangement of the elevator).

Claims (5)

1. The stair-lift assembly of a multi-storey building with a passenger-and-freight elevator, containing on each floor a stairwell with a platform, exits to it from the premises, an entrance to the elevator and flights of stairs, characterized in that each floor of the building is equipped with an external security zone with a single-level exit to from the premises along the landing of the staircase, while the flights of stairs are located at an angle of 90 ° to each other. 2. Staircase and elevator assembly of a multi-storey building according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer safety zone is separated from the stairwell by a fire barrier. 3. The stair-lift assembly of a multi-storey building according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer safety zone is made open on at least one side. 4. Staircase and elevator assembly of a multi-storey building according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer security zone is made in the form of a loggia. 5. Staircase and elevator assembly of a multi-storey building according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer security zone is made in the form of a balcony.

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