RU2769775C2 - Locking device for taking up the axial load of shaft - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fasteners, namely to devices for fixation, mainly, of shaft-bushing parts. Locking device contains a limiting bushing placed on the shaft and taking up the load acting on the shaft in the direction of its axis. In the shaft on the side of the surface of the limiting bushing, opposite to the surface taking up the axial load, there is a hole perpendicular to the shaft axis, in which there is a pin for fixing the limiting bushing and interacting with it. In the pin perpendicular to its axis there are parallel holes for the rod elements fixing the position of the pin relative to the shaft, wherein the parallel holes are located at equal distances from the ends of the pin and at a distance exceeding the diameter of the shaft, and are oriented parallel to the surface of the limiting bushing, wherein the length of the pin is determined from the ratio. Pin is fixed by a wire passing through at least one of the pin holes and completely enclosing the shaft.

EFFECT: simplifying the design of the device, conditions of its assembly and maintenance, as well as providing the possibility of longitudinal movement of the shaft and its rotation, which will make it possible to expand the field of application of the device.

6 cl, 5 dwg

Description

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to fasteners, namely to devices for fixing, mainly, shaft-sleeve parts.

A device for fixing the end of a spring is known, comprising a shaft with a compression spring placed on it, one end of which interacts with a sleeve fixedly fixed in the device for attaching containers to the platform frame, and the second end of the spring creates an axial force acting along the shaft on the locking device in in the form of a washer fixed with a castle nut on the end threaded part of the shaft, while the locking device is closed with a threaded cap: patent RU 2647358, B60P 7/13, B61D 3/20, B61D 45/00, publ. 03/15/2018, bul. No. 8.

The disadvantage of the device is the complexity of the design and maintenance.

As a prototype, a locking device was adopted for perceiving the axial load of the shaft, containing a restrictive sleeve placed on the shaft and perceiving the load acting on the shaft in the direction of its axis, while in the shaft from the side of the surface of the restrictive sleeve opposite to the surface perceiving the axial load, a hole is made , perpendicular to the axis of the shaft, which contains a pin for fixing the restrictive sleeve and interacting with it: patent RU154357, B61H 13/34, publ. 08/20/2015, bul. No. 23.

The disadvantages of the device are the complex design of the cast restrictive sleeve, the complexity of mounting and maintenance, since a special technological tool with a pneumatic or hydraulic drive is required to secure the device. The design of the device also does not provide the possibility of axial and longitudinal movement of the shaft.

The technical result of the proposed technical solution is to simplify the design of the device, the conditions for its assembly and maintenance, as well as providing the possibility of longitudinal movement of the shaft and its rotation, which will expand the scope of the device.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the locking device for the perception of the axial load of the shaft, containing a restrictive sleeve placed on the shaft and perceiving the load acting on the shaft in the direction of its axis, while in the shaft from the side of the surface of the restrictive sleeve, opposite to the surface that perceives axial load, a hole is made perpendicular to the shaft axis, in which a pin is placed for fixing the restrictive sleeve and interacting with it, according to the proposed technical solution, parallel holes are made in the pin perpendicular to its axis, equidistant from the ends of the pin and at a distance exceeding the diameter of the shaft, and in parallel holes oriented parallel to the surface of the restrictive sleeve, there are rod elements that fix the position of the pin relative to the shaft, and the length of the pin is determined from the ratio:

,

,

where H is the length of the pin;

D - outer diameter of the restrictive sleeve;

d - pin diameter;

K - size factor, K = 0.6-1.

Besides:

- the value of the coefficient of size K=1-1.1.

- the pin is fixed with a wire passing through at least one of the holes of the pin and completely enclosing the shaft.

- the pin is fixed with a wire passing through both holes in the pin.

- at least one washer is placed between the pin and the restrictive sleeve.

- a flat is made along the entire length of the pin to a depth of 0.1-0.4 of its diameter, and the pin faces the flat towards the cylindrical recess of the restrictive sleeve.

- a protective glass is placed on the restrictive sleeve.

- additional holes for the pin are made in the shaft along its axis at different distances and at different angles relative to each other.

Figure 1 shows a diagram of the fastening device of the container latch on the railway platform using the locking device; figure 2 - General view of the locking device; in fig. 3 is an end view of the shaft of the locking device with fixing the pin with cotter pins, Fig. 4 is a view from the end of the shaft of the locking device with fixing the pin with a tie wire, Fig. 5 is the location of the pin.

The device and principle of operation of the proposed locking device for the perception of the axial load of the shaft is explained by the example of a container lock on a railway platform. The latch is designed to prevent empty containers from falling off the platform when exposed to increased wind load in the form of squally winds.

The fastening device is part of the latch, which consists of a shaft 1 mounted for longitudinal movement and rotation in the holes of the vertical elements 2 and 3 of the side beam 4 of the platform frame (figure 1). The vertical elements in the latch in Fig.1 are a vertical wall 2 and a plate 3 welded to the top shelf 5 of the side beam 4 with a hole for the shaft 1. On the top shelf 5 of the side beam 4, a fitting stop 6 is fixed, on which the fitting 7 of the platform transported on the frame is installed container 8.

On the working side of the shaft 1 is mounted container lock, consisting of a holder 9 rigidly fixed on the shaft 1 with a handle 10, the rod 11 of which engages with the fitting 7 through the window 12 (figure 1). The container lock is designed to hold the fitting 7 from vertical movements that occur with an increased wind load on the container 8 and tend to throw it off the platform.

On the non-working side of the shaft 1 is placed the spring 13 in a compressed state (figure 5). The guide for the spring 13 of small diameter can be the shaft itself (not shown), or the larger spring 13 can be fixed in the guide bushings - inner 14 and outer 15 (Fig. 2). It is advisable to install the outer sleeve 15 with a minimum clearance between its inner hole and the shaft 1 - from 0.1 mm to prevent the spring 13 from being skewed.

The bushings 14 and 15 have internal support (thrust) surfaces 16 and centering guide surfaces 17 for the ends of the spring 13. The guide surfaces 17 can be both internal and external, especially if the spring has a small diameter and the shaft 1 serves as a guide element for it. The inner sleeve 14 rests with its outer surface on the wall 2 under the action of the spring 13 on it.

The outer sleeve 15, as a result of the force of the compressed spring 13, interacts with the pin 18 with its outer surface (transfers the axial load to the pin 18).

The outer sleeve 15, together with the pin 18, forms a locking device that receives the longitudinal axial load acting on the shaft 1.

The pin 18 is made cylindrical and placed in the hole 19 (Fig. 2), which is located on the side of the end of the non-working side of the shaft 1 perpendicular to its axis. The pin 18 interacts with the outer surface 20 of the outer sleeve 15, that is, with the surface located on the opposite side from the action on the sleeve 15 of the axial force applied to the shaft 1.

The length of the pin is determined from the ratio:

,

,

where H is the length of the pin;

D - outer diameter of the sleeve;

d - pin diameter;

K - size factor, K = 0.6-1.1.

The use of the pin size factor K in the range from 0.6 to 1.1 allows you to choose the optimal size of the pin 18 for different diameters of the outer sleeve 15 and different axial forces.

With the optimal, predominant value of K=1, the length of the pin 18 is provided, equal to the outer diameter of the outer sleeve 15 in order to increase the surface of interaction of the pin 18 with the surface of the outer sleeve 15 to absorb maximum axial forces and reduce contact stresses. That is, the ends of the pin 18 of length H, determined from the specified condition, will be located on the boundary of the projection of the outer sleeve 15.

K values close to the minimum are used in structures in which the shaft 1 does not experience constantly large axial loads or does not experience axial loads at all, and also for design reasons - with cramped dimensions of the structures.

In the pin 18, perpendicular to its axis, holes 21 and 22 are made parallel to each other (Fig.3, 4) for rod elements in the form of cotter pins 23, 24 - at a distance exceeding the diameter of the shaft 1. Holes 21 and 22 are located symmetrically relative to the middle of the pin 18 or at the same distance from its ends.

Instead of cotter pins 23-24, it is preferable to use a knitting wire 25 (Fig. 4) as rod elements for fixing the pin 18, which will keep the pin 18 from turning about its own axis. To fix the pin 18, the wire 25 passes through both holes 21 and 22. The ends of the wire can be fixed in different ways: by twisting, as in Fig.4, by bending the short ends of the wire 25 after exiting the holes 21, 22, by bending the long ends of the wire by 180 ° after exit from the holes 21, 22 and fixing the ends by twisting on the left on the shaft 1 (and not on the right, as in Fig.4, not shown), etc.

When pin 18 is fixed with wire 25 with twisting of its ends (twisting, figure 4), due to equal efforts in the upper and lower branches of wire 25, pin 18 is centered relative to shaft 1.

The use of wire 25 in conjunction with the symmetrical arrangement of holes 21, 22 relative to the center of the pin 18 ensures its symmetrical arrangement relative to the shaft 1. That is, in this case, the ends of the pin 18 are equally spaced from the surface of the shaft 1. This allows the use of the maximum length pin 18 to reduce contact stresses when subjected to large loads.

Instead of one wire 25, two separate wires (not shown) can be used, each of which is passed through one of the holes 21 or 22 and completely covers the shaft 1 with the ends of the wire fixed.

In the shaft 1 along its axis at different distances from the end and at different angles with respect to each other, several additional holes can be made into which the pin 18 can be installed. In Fig. 5 shows several options for the location of the pin 18 in such holes. Figure 2 shows the position of one of these possible holes - pos.26.

By rearranging the pin 18 in different positions (figure 5), you can adjust the parameters of the spring, such as the force of the initial tightening of the spring 13, the force of pressing the latch to the frame and, therefore, the required efforts to hold the latch and transfer it to the required (working / non-working) position. For example, when moving the pin 18 from the position shown in figure 2 into the hole 26, both the tightening force of the spring 13 and the force that must be applied to the handle 10 to compress the spring to move the latch to another position will increase.

To reduce the friction forces when the shaft 1 rotates about its axis, one or more washers 27 with antifriction lubricant or antifriction material can be installed between the pin 18 and the outer sleeve 15.

The same washers 28 can also be installed between the spring 13 and the bearing surfaces 16 of the bushings 14 and 15, as well as between the inner bushing 14 and the structural element of the mechanism in which the locking device is mounted - pos.29. Washers 27-29 have a thickness of 1 ... 5 mm or another required in specific designs of devices that use a locking device.

When using washers 27-29, an anti-friction lubricant with properties corresponding to the climatic conditions of their operation is applied to their surface, as well as to their installation sites. In this case, the washers act as plain bearings to reduce the forces of rotation of the shaft 1, which is necessary, for example, for the operation of the latch shown in Fig.1. In the absence of constant longitudinal movement and rotation of the shaft 1 in the structure in which it is installed, as well as the possibility of moving the shaft 1 only along its axis, without turning relative to it, washers 27-29 are not used.

To protect against dust and precipitation, the non-working part of the shaft 1 with the pin 18, washers 27, 28 and part of the spring 13 can be protected by a glass 30, which is put on the outer sleeve 15 with an interference fit.

Cup 30 has a length that provides full travel of the spring 13, i.e., when the spring is fully compressed, the open edge of the cup 30 should not touch the vertical surface of the wall 2, which interacts with the inner sleeve 14 or washers 29 (if used).

The glass 30 is made of thin-walled material - metal or plastic, such as polyethylene phthalate (PET). As a glass 30, the bottom of plastic bottles of a suitable diameter can be used - from among those available on the market or made specially for the size.

Cup 30 can also be fixed on the outer sleeve additionally or independently with the help of several spring clips located around the perimeter (circumferentially or spirally) of the cup, made in the form of latches such as a petal or strip 31 (Fig. 2). Similar retainers 32 can be formed in the form of several dents around the perimeter of the glass. The retainers 32 can also be made in the form of annular recesses - solid or separate around the circumference, especially when using a plastic cup. Instead of retainers in the form of dents 32 in the cup 30, welding drops located on the side surface of the outer sleeve 15, sawn to the required height (not shown), can be used. For example, the height of the cut drops can be 0.1-2 mm, so that a glass 30 made of plastic can be put on them with an interference fit.

When using a plastic cup 30, it can be held by spring clips 31, 32 and/or pin 18, made longer than the diameter of the outer sleeve 15. For this, the value of the size factor K is taken to be greater than one.

Large values of K, close to K=1.1, are used for shafts 1 of small diameter, for example, 30-40 mm.

Values of K in the range from 1.02 to 1.05 are used for large diameters of the shafts 1, for example, having a diameter of 80-100 mm and more.

As a result, the use of the indicated values of the coefficient of size K will ensure that the edges of the pin 18 protrude beyond the outer sleeve 15 by several millimeters, which will allow the plastic cup 30 to be securely fixed on the pin 18. In this case, the cup 30 is put on both ends of the pin 18 protruding beyond the outer bushing with force , which will hold the glass 30 on the locking device, protecting it from precipitation and other influences, such as dust.

The outer sleeve 15 may not have internal guide (centering) surfaces 17, as in FIG. 2, and with external - pos.33, Fig.1. The outer guide surfaces 33 in this case will also protect the end of the spring 13 with anti-friction washers.

Directly at the vertical elements 2 and 3 of the side beam 4 on the side of the non-working part of the shaft 1, holes 34 (Fig. 2) and 35 (Fig. 1) are made perpendicular to its axis for the "emergency" knitting (tie) wire 36 (Fig. 1), which is used when the spring 13 is broken. When the latch is in good condition, the knitting wire 36 with the drawn ends in the free state is put on the open part of the shaft 1 (Fig. 1), or placed in the hole 37 (Fig. 1, 2, 5) with the ends bent on the end of the shaft 1 - pos.38 (Fig. 1-5). Instead of wire 36 or 38, a cotter pin with the same cross-sectional size (not shown) can be used.

To increase the reliability of the locking device and prevent during its operation the rotation of the pin 18 relative to its own axis, from the outer surface of the outer sleeve 15, the pin 18 may have a flat surface - a flat 39 (Fig.8) - along the entire length of the pin 18 and to a depth ( the value by which the transverse size of the pin is reduced) value of 0.1...0.4 of its diameter (figure 5).

Flat 39 is performed in a plane tangent to its side cylindrical surface - generatrix 40 of the pin 18 (figure 2).

The surface of the flat 39 under the influence of the force of the compressed spring 13 on the pin 18 is constantly pressed against the outer surface 20 of the outer sleeve 15 or washers 27, if used.

The presence of flats 39 (figure 5) allows you to constantly orient the pin 18 in the hole 19 so that the cotter pins 23 and 24 are parallel to the outer surface 20 of the outer sleeve 15 - to avoid unwanted contact of the cotter pins 23, 24 with the surface 20 and possible abrasion or damage to the cotter pins 23 , 24 when turning the shaft 1 in the process of switching the position of the container lock.

When using the locking rod (pin) 18 with a flat 39, if the latch is in good condition, the cotter pins 23, 24 will not come into contact with the surface 20 at all and experience any load.

When using a flat 39, the pin 18 can be fixed not with a solid wire 25 (figure 4), but with two separate rings threaded into holes 21-22, the ends of the wire can also be fixed by twisting (not shown).

In figure 1, position 41 shows the position of the wire 36 when the spring 13 is broken.

The operation of the locking device is explained using the example of a container lock on a railway platform.

To assemble the latch, the non-working end of the latch shaft 1 is inserted into the holes of the vertical elements 3 and 2 until the holder 9 stops against the side beam 4 of the platform frame (Fig. 1).

Holding shaft 1 in this position, washers 29, inner sleeve 14 with its washers 28, spring 13, washers 28, outer sleeve 15 and washers 27 are put on its non-working end (figure 2). Then, keeping the shaft 1 from longitudinal displacement, the outer sleeve 15 is moved along it, compressing the spring 13, so that the hole 19 in the shaft 1 is freed under the pin 18, which is inserted into this hole with one of the cotter pins 23 or 24 previously fixed in it. split ends. After that, the outer sleeve 15 is released, and it is pressed against the flat 39 of the pin 18 by a compressed spring 13. The second cotter pin 23 or 24 is fixed in the pin 18 by spreading its ends. As a result, the pin 18 securely holds the outer sleeve 15, which is affected by the axial force of the compressed spring 13, which interacts with the elements of the side frame of the platform at its second end.

In the assembled latch, under the action of the axial force of the spring 13, the outer sleeve 15 is constantly pressed against the pin 18 (or its flat 39), fixed without the possibility of axial movement in the hole 19 of the shaft 1 (figure 2), due to the fastening with a wire twist 25 or cotter pins 23 , 24, located in the holes 21, 22 directly at the shaft 1 (Fig. 4).

When using washers 27-29, an anti-friction lubricant with properties corresponding to the climatic conditions of their operation is applied to their surface, as well as to their installation sites. In this case, the washers act as plain bearings to reduce the forces of rotation of the shaft 1, which is necessary, for example, for the operation of the latch shown in Fig.1. In the absence of constant longitudinal movement and rotation of the shaft 1 in the structure in which it is installed, as well as the possibility of moving the shaft 1 only along its axis, without turning relative to it, washers 27-29 are not used.

If it is necessary to change the force of the initial tightening of the spring 13, the pin 18 is set to one of the required positions shown in Fig.5.

A wire 38 or a cotter pin of the appropriate size (not shown) is inserted into the hole 37 and is fixed from falling out of the shaft 1 by bending the ends.

The wire 36, 38 or cotter pin do not perceive any load when the latch is in good condition, but serve to be used when the spring 13 is broken - to limit the latch beyond the dimension that it has in the working position.

Instead of wire 38 or in addition to it, wire 36 is put on the open part of shaft 1 with a large gap, the ends of which are bent so that it is securely held on shaft 1 and does not interfere with its free movement along its axis.

A glass 30 is put on the outer sleeve 15 (Fig. 2), which is held on it due to interference or clamps 31 or 32.

The use of a size factor K greater than one makes it possible to additionally fix the cup 30 on the ends of the pin 18 protruding by several millimeters. For less damage to the cup 30, the pin 18 can be made with a chamfer of 1-3 mm.

After that, the latch is ready for use and works as follows.

The latch is used when predicting intense wind load, in which the protrusions of the fitting stop 6 may not keep the container 8 from falling off the platform. In the working position, the lock under the action of the spring 13 is pressed against the side beam 4 of the frame, and the rod 11 engages with the fitting 7 (Fig. 1). As a result, the rod 11 prevents the container 8 from moving vertically when it is exposed to large wind loads - in the form of squally winds.

To unload the container 8 and release its fitting 7, the latch is moved to the non-working position. To do this, they act on the handle 10, compressing the spring 13, and move the shaft 1 along its axis until the rod 11 disengages from the fitting 7 (that is, from the window 12 of the fitting 7) and further, so that the end (end) rod 11 was outside the side beam 4 (Fig. 1). Holding the spring in such a compressed position with the handle 10, the latch is rotated relative to the axis of the shaft 1 so that the rod 11 is below the upper shelf 5 of the side beam 4. After that, the handle 10 is released, and under the action of the spring 13 the latch is again pressed against the side beam 4, but already without engagement by the rod 11 of the fitting 7. The container 8 can then be removed from the platform. To transfer the latch to the working position after loading the container, the operations described above are performed with it in reverse order.

In the non-working position, the latch is also transferred when the spring 13 is broken - on purpose or spontaneously. In this case, the axial force of the compressed spring 13 ceases to act on the shaft 1, as a result of which the latch ceases to be pressed against the side beam 4 of the frame. This can lead to the movement of the latch mounted on the shaft 1 in the direction from the platform frame and the violation of the size of the latch set for its working position, as well as to the violation of the size of the platform.

In the example under consideration, when the spring 13 breaks, the rod 11, under the action of vibration during the movement of the platform, will disengage from the fitting 7 and will no longer hold the container 8 under the action of vertical and lateral wind loads on it, which can lead to the container falling from the platform.

To prevent the latch from going beyond its size, use wire 38 or 36 as follows. The wire 36 (figure 1) is removed from the shaft 1, the latch is pressed against the side beam 4 and the wire 36 is inserted into the hole 35, bending the ends so that the wire 36 cannot independently exit the hole 35. To indicate the malfunction of the latch and the required repair, the ends of the wire 36 can be displayed on the visible part of the platform frame - pos.41, Fig.1. When using wire 38, glass 30 is removed (figure 2), wire 38 is removed from hole 37 and rearranged into one of holes 34 (figure 2) or 35 (figure 1) with bending the ends, in the same way as the wire 36.

Glass 30 is then returned to its original place, fixed on the sleeve 15 (Fig. 2). Instead of wire 36 or 38 (FIG. 1), a cotter pin with the same cross-sectional dimension (not shown) can be used.

The wire 38 can also serve as a travel limiter on the shaft 1 bushings 14, 15 with washers 27-29 to prevent the loss of these parts in the event of a break in the spring 13 and falling out of the hole 19 of the pin 18.

During operation of the container latch, the locking device itself operates as follows.

After assembling the latch, the compressed spring 13 through the inner sleeve 14 acts on the wall 2 of the platform frame, and through the outer sleeve 15 creates a longitudinal force on the shaft 1 (figure 1). This force is perceived by the locking device, which consists of an outer sleeve 15 and a locking rod - a pin 18 fixed motionless in the hole 19 of the shaft 1 (figure 2) and acting on the outer surface 20 of the outer sleeve 15. This locking device transmits axial force to the shaft 1 and stops (fixes, prevents movement along the shaft 1) the end of the spring 13, which interacts with the sleeve 15.

In the process of transferring the latch from the working position to the non-working position and vice versa, the shaft 1 moves longitudinally and rotates about its axis. In this case, the spring 13 is additionally compressed, but the location of its end, which rests on the outer sleeve 15, does not change, regardless of the forces acting on the shaft 1, because its position is locked (fixed) by the pin 18. As a result, the pin 18 from the outer sleeve 15, which together form a locking device for the spring 13, securely fix (stop) the position of the spring 13, that is, perform the function of a stop (stopper) for the end of the spring when any working axial loads act on the shaft, pressing the shaft 1 required for its working position or the required position of the parts fixed or interacting with it.

Cotter pins 22, 23 and wire 25 may not be subjected to any load when using pin 18 with flat 39.

The axial force acting on the shaft and perceived by the locking device can be created not only by the spring 13, but also by any other method or impact on the shaft 1 - by the weight of the parts, pneumatics, hydraulics, etc.

The use of pin 18 for fixing in shaft 1 with solid knitting wire 25 (Fig. 4) allows centering pin 18 relative to shaft 1, and also securely fixing it in shaft 1 without turning pin 18 about its own axis when turning shaft 1 to transfer the latch from the working position to non-working or vice versa.

Execution in the pin 18 flats 39 (figure 5) and fixing the pin 18 cotter pins 23, 24 also eliminates the possibility of rotation of the pin 18 about its axis and provides a reliable and stable (permanently oriented) location of the pin 18 relative to the adjacent surface of the outer sleeve 15 or washer 27 ( if washers are used) when the latch is working correctly.

The use of a protective cup 30 protects the pin 18 of the washers 27, 28 and the outer sleeve 15 from dust, snow and ice, which improves the operating conditions of the locking device and reduces the effort required to rotate the shaft 1. The cup also prevents the pin 18 from falling out of the shaft 1 when the spring 13 and cotter pins 23 or 24 are broken.

The locking device can be used for shafts that operate under constant or periodic axial load, as well as for shafts in which it is required to prevent axial movements of shaft 1 and ensure a fixed working position of shaft 1 along the axis - in the mechanism in which it is mounted, in the absence of axial forces acting on the shaft. In this case, the locking device will limit or prevent unwanted axial movement of the shaft, creating a stop with the bushing and pin for the parts that interact with the shaft when they try to move them.

No special tool is required to service the proposed locking device. Installation, dismantling and maintenance of the device can be carried out using pliers or pliers or without tools if soft wire is used to fix the pin and as an emergency.

Claims (12)

1. A locking device for the perception of the axial load of the shaft, containing a restrictive sleeve placed on the shaft and perceiving the load acting on the shaft in the direction of its axis, while in the shaft from the side of the surface of the restrictive sleeve opposite to the surface perceiving the axial load, a hole is made perpendicular to axis of the shaft, in which a pin is placed for fixing the restrictive sleeve and interacting with it, characterized in that parallel holes are made in the pin perpendicular to its axis for placing rod elements in them, fixing the position of the pin relative to the shaft, while the parallel holes are located at equal distances from ends of the pin and at a distance exceeding the diameter of the shaft, and oriented parallel to the surface of the restrictive sleeve, and the length of the pin is determined from the ratio:

, where H is the pin length; D is the outer diameter of the restrictive sleeve; d is the pin diameter; K - size factor, K = 0.6-1.1, while the pin is fixed by a wire passing through at least one of the pin holes and completely enclosing the shaft. 2. The locking device according to claim 1, in which the pin is fixed by a wire passing through both holes in the pin. 3. The locking device according to claim 1, in which at least one washer is placed between the pin and the restrictive sleeve. 4. The locking device according to claim 1, in which a flat is made along the entire length of the pin to a depth of 0.1-0.4 of its diameter, and the pin faces the flat towards the cylindrical recess of the restrictive sleeve. 5. The locking device according to claim 1, in which a protective cup is placed on the restrictive sleeve. 6. The locking device according to claim 1, in which additional holes for the pin are made in the shaft along its axis at different distances and at different angles relative to each other.

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