RU2769727C1 - Device for integrated treatment of crops - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mechanization of facilities for complex treatment of crops. Device comprises a unit with a hinge with a reservoir for working fluid installed on it, a pump and a pipeline connected to nozzles for supplying working fluid into the inner space of a closed cavity above rows of plants, adjustable shields, on which nozzles are installed, which are located along the contour of shelters in their middle part, with the possibility of adjusting their position and number depending on the size of plantations. Aggregate used is a walk-behind tractor, on the hinge of which a compressor is installed to create working pressure in the nozzles. Device has additional end shields with brushes located at the bottom. On side shields there installed are plates with process holes for arrangement of nozzles in them for the purpose of their differentiated adjustment by height and angle of inclination. All shields are installed with possibility of differentiated opening from 0–90° in different directions along vertical line for supply of working fluid to plants.

EFFECT: simplified design, reduced pollution of the environment, possibility of using the device for destruction of weeds in row spacing of tilled crops and perennial plantations without mechanical action on the soil surface, and for surface treatment of tilled crops, carrying out their additional feeding and pest control.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to plant protection products, which can be used in chemical plant protection when treating row-spacing row crops, as well as gardens or complex processing of crops.

A spreader of dry inorganic mixtures is known (patent RU No. 192360 U1, class A01M 7/00, 2020), containing a means for moving - a cultivator with front and rear hitches, while an additional support wheel is installed on the rear hitch, on which an imbalance is located , a protective screen is installed on the front of the motor cultivator, and the horizontal shaft of the angular gearbox is connected to the power take-off shaft of the motor cultivator, and the unloading window of the hopper is equipped with a dispenser, under which a cone-shaped tukona-ruler is installed, located on a centrifugal disk, having radially mounted blades.

A motor-sprayer is known (patent RU No. 2482 U1, 1996), including a motor-block, on the frame of which an engine, a control element and propellers associated with the engine are installed, a single-axle trailer truck with a driver's seat and a tank for spraying solution, a rod with a hose connected to the tank and solution pump. The motor-sprayer drive is hydraulic with a hydraulic pump and hydraulic motors connected to the propellers connected to it through the hydraulic drive control unit, as well as with a hydraulic motor connected to the pump for spraying solution, which is located on the rear of the tank, and the frame of the motor-block is made with transverse sliding parts with the possibility of their fixings, to which the movers are attached by means of brackets and axles for attaching the brackets to the retractable parts of the frame, while each retractable part of the frame is installed on the frame of the walk-behind tractor with the possibility of changing the position of the axis of attachment of the bracket to the retractable part of the frame from the uppermost to the lowermost position, and the control installed on the frame by means of a slewing circle and is made with a rudder swivel mounted on it and a shaft connected to the control unit.

Known motor sprayer has a complex structure, low maneuverability and intermittent operation adversely affect the performance of the motor sprayer.

A known method of chemical treatment of plants (see A. S. 325956, A01M 7/00, 06/30/1969). In the known method, the spraying of a liquid preparation is carried out over the aisles of plants, and then this preparation is simultaneously blown through the rows of plants with an air stream. The known method can be used simultaneously in the aisles and rows only with the selective action of drugs to plants. In addition, when processing plants in open space, environmental pollution and inefficiency in the use of drugs occur.

Known sprayer for orchards and vineyards (see A. S. 134974, CL A01M 7/00, 07/11/1987), which includes a reservoir for pesticides, a pump, a horizontal supply pipeline and vertical spray booms for spraying plantations. For treatment of weeds with herbicides in row-spacings simultaneously with spraying plantations with preparations, the sprayer is equipped with rotary atomizers with drives in the form of impellers placed in a horizontal inlet pipeline, and an additional container with chemicals having outlet tubes with droppers installed above the rotary atomizers. The known device can be used simultaneously in the treatment of plantings in rows and weeds in the aisles only with drugs of selective action. Otherwise, there will be damage in the rows of plantings, since the latter are not isolated from the row spacing, and the use of chemicals in open space will lead to environmental pollution and their inefficient use.

A device for chemical treatment of plants is known (patent RU No. 2400066 C1, publ. 27.09.2010 - prototype), it allows to reduce the consumption of drugs and improve the quality of processing. The proposed device is intended for processing plants, in particular vegetable crops. The device contains a unit with a tank installed on it, a pump, pipelines and nozzles for supplying liquid preparations to the interior of the tunnel shelters above the rows of plants, while the latter are made in a single block of an all-metal frame, installed with the possibility of changing distances between themselves, tunnel shelters above the rows of plants equipped with adjustable shields in height for full coverage of the crown of plantings, catching containers with funnels in the lower part of the adjustable shields, a pipeline and a pump for draining the solution of the spent working fluid into the tank, and nozzles for supplying liquid preparations to the interior of the tunnel shelters are located along the contour of the shelters in their the middle part with the possibility of adjusting their position and number depending on the size of the crown of plantings.

The disadvantages of the prototype is the impossibility of its use for the treatment of perennial plantations, the complexity of the design, the loss of the solution of the working fluid, which pollutes the environment.

The technical result is the elimination of these shortcomings. The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the device for the complex processing of crops, containing a unit with a hinge with a reservoir for working fluid installed on it, a pump and a pipeline connected to nozzles for supplying working fluid into the interior of a closed cavity above the rows of plants, adjustable flaps, on which have nozzles located along the contour of the shelters in their middle part with the possibility of adjusting their position and number depending on the size of the plantations, according to the invention,

as a unit, a walk-behind tractor is used, on the hinge of which a compressor is installed to create working pressure in the nozzles, while the device has additional end shields that form a closed cavity on four sides of the plants and are equipped with brushes in the lower part, strips with technological holes are installed on the side shields for location of nozzles in them with the possibility of differential adjustment of their installation in height and angle of inclination, also all shields are installed with the possibility of differentiated opening from 0-90 ° in different directions vertically to supply the working fluid to the plants.

The analysis of the prior art carried out by the Applicant, including searching through patent and scientific and technical sources of information and identifying sources containing information about analogues of the device, made it possible to establish that the Applicant did not find a device similar to the claimed one, which meets the criterion of "novelty".

The essence of the invention is illustrated by the drawing, where in Fig. 1 - shows a general view of the device; in fig. 2 - view A; in fig. 3 - cavity above the rows of plants in the working form (dashed line), outside the working one - (solid line).

The device for the complex processing of agricultural crops contains a unit 1 with a hinge 2 with a reservoir 3 for working fluid installed on it, a pump 4 and a pipeline 5 connected to nozzles 6 for supplying working fluid into the interior of a closed cavity 7 above the rows of plants, adjustable shields 8, on which nozzles 6 are installed located along the contour of the shelters in their middle part with the possibility of adjusting their position and number depending on the size of the plantations. As a unit 1, a walk-behind tractor 1 was used, on the hinge 2 of which a compressor 9 is installed to create working pressure in the nozzles 6. The device has additional end shields 10, which form a closed cavity on four sides and have brushes 11 at the bottom, on the side shields 8 there are strips with technological holes 12 for the location of nozzles 6 in them with the possibility of differential adjustment of their installation in height and angle of inclination, also all shields 8 and 10 are installed with the possibility of differentiated opening from 0-90 ° in different directions vertically to supply the working fluid to the plants.

The device for complex processing of agricultural crops works as follows: during the movement of the sprayer on the treated surface, the working fluid from the tank 3 under pressure created by the compressor 9 enters the nozzles 6, which have the ability to change their position due to the technological holes located on the side adjustable shields 8, adjustable in width, from 300 mm to 2700 meters and in height from the ground from 50-100 mm, depending on working conditions, one working body is necessary to process the maximum possible width of capture, both for the destruction of weeds in the aisles of row crops and perennial plantations without mechanical impact on the soil surface, and for the surface treatment of tilled crops, carrying out their feeding and pest control. Also, all four shields 8 and 10 of a closed circuit are adjustable in inclination angle α=0-90°, this allows you to increase the processing area in calm weather. Brushes 11 are located in the lower part of the end shields 10 so that crops are not injured during processing.

Claims (1)

A device for the complex processing of crops, comprising a unit with a hinge with a working fluid reservoir installed on it, a pump and a pipeline connected to nozzles for supplying working fluid into the interior of a closed cavity above the rows of plants, adjustable shields, on which nozzles are installed, located along contour of shelters in their middle part, with the possibility of adjusting their position and number depending on the size of plantings, characterized in that a walk-behind tractor is used as a unit, on the hinge of which a compressor is installed to create working pressure in the nozzles, the device has additional end shields that form a closed cavity on four sides of the plants and equipped with brushes in the lower part, on the side shields there are strips with technological holes for placing nozzles in them with the possibility of differentiated adjustment of their installation in height and angle of inclination, and all shields are installed enes with the possibility of differentiated opening from 0-90° in different directions vertically to supply the working fluid to the plants.

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