RU2769407C1 - Device for ensuring the operability of the personnel of the habitable compartment of a military tracked vehicle at low temperatures - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heating systems.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to heating systems installed on military tracked vehicles. The device for rapid heating and temperature control of the fighting compartment contains a power unit of the base chassis, a standard heating unit OV-65, an air intake device and a protected volume of a military tracked vehicle. The device is additionally equipped with a block for processing information and issuing commands connected to a power supply unit, a control panel, an air damper control gearbox, a heat pipe heat exchanger, melting heat accumulators in the form of thin-walled metal containers mounted in the walls of the fighting compartment housing, and an electric fan connected to filter and air intake.EFFECT: invention provides automated protection of the crew of combat vehicles from adverse external environmental factors (low temperatures) and excludes the possibility of carbon monoxide poisoning when operating in special conditions.1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to heating systems installed on military tracked vehicles (VGM).

In accordance with GOST 16350-80, more than 70% of the territory of the Russian Federation belongs to the severe climate zone. This zone is characterized by the duration of the winter period from 240 to 320 days, the minimum temperatures from minus 40 to minus 70°C. In this zone, in addition to long periods of low temperatures, strong winds of 25 m/s and higher often occur.

In VGM heating systems, heating units are used as a heater, which are designed to operate at ambient temperatures from plus 20 to minus 45°C and as a fan at temperatures from plus 50 to minus 45°C. The electrical equipment of the installations is designed to be powered by batteries or DC. The units have two operating modes - partial and full. When operating as a heater, partial operation is only recommended for start-up.

Known analogues of heating systems that are designed to heat the office in the winter. On tracked vehicles (GM) 5969, 5957, 5967 and 5962, the heating and ventilation unit OV65 was used, on the vehicle 5979 - OV95. The OV95 heating and ventilation unit has the same device as the OV65, differing only in dimensions and heat output.

From the studied analogues, the heating system GM 5969 was taken as a prototype (see TRACKED MACHINES 5969, 5957, 5962, 5979, 5967. Operation manual. Part 1. Technical description 5969.050000.000 RE, 001.50.04 Heating system, p. 99- 100) containing an OV65 heating and ventilation unit, a fuel tank, a sediment filter, a solenoid valve, a fan, a branch pipe for exhausting heated air to the control compartment.

These heating systems do not provide optimal and safe conditions for the work of personnel in special operating conditions (in the conditions of the Arctic region). When the heater is started, due to low voltage in the on-board network, the efficiency of the pumping unit decreases and the flame burning area shifts to the swirler, which disables it (burns out) (Fig. 1).

The second feature of the heating system is the requirement for tightness of the habitable compartment of the VGM. Air intake for heating should be carried out in a place where the possibility of dust, exhaust gases and other harmful impurities entering it is excluded. In hermetic facilities, the air supply system for heating must be designed in such a way that:

the possibility of operation of the unit with an intake for heating only outside air was excluded;

when operating the unit with air intake for heating only from the object, it was necessary to provide access to the object of fresh air in an amount sufficient to ensure normal sanitary and hygienic conditions.

In places where pipelines that discharge heated air pass through combustible structures of a heated object, fire-prevention cutting should be made.

Smoke-free, stable operation of the heating installation is ensured by the correct selection of the piping system for supplying combustion air and exhaust gases.

The places of air intake for combustion and exhaust gases are selected in the process of testing prototypes of objects in such a way that:

the operability of the installation mounted at the facility was ensured both at the parking lot and during the movement of the facility;

the possibility of exhaust gases entering the combustion air was excluded.

The cross section and length of the pipelines supplying combustion air and exhausting exhaust gases should not significantly affect the performance of the unit's blower. To ensure complete combustion of the fuel, the consumption of combustion air in full operation mode must be at least 20 kg/h for OV65 units and 30 kg/h for OV95 units.

In addition, these systems have a significant power consumption, especially with forced heating. At the same time, the time to complete the assigned combat missions increases, which is a significant drawback in the system of basic measures to ensure the readiness of units.

Currently, in the prototype taken, the heating system provides heating of the control room in winter, but has significant drawbacks. In the prototype of the heating system taken, the preliminary constant heating of the air in the fighting compartment of the VGM at low temperatures is not structurally provided, therefore, to ensure the operability of the personnel of combat crews and electronic equipment, it is proposed to install a device that provides preliminary heating of the air and automatic maintenance of the optimum air temperature at low temperatures .

In this regard, in order to heat the control compartment in winter, to ensure the constant operability of electronic equipment installed on a military tracked vehicle, it becomes necessary to develop and use a device for rapid heating and temperature control of the fighting compartment and electronic equipment by introducing a device for preheating the combat compartment into the heating system. separation during movement from the power plant of the base chassis and heating from the standard heater OV-65 by introducing a heat exchanger using heat pipes and thermostating using consumable heat accumulators.

To achieve this goal, a device is proposed to ensure the operability of the personnel of the habitable compartment of a military tracked vehicle at low temperatures, containing a power plant of the base chassis, a regular heating unit OV-65, an air intake device and a protected volume of a military tracked vehicle, characterized in that an additional block is installed processing information and issuing commands, connected to the power supply, control panel, air damper control gearbox, heat pipe heat exchanger, melting heat accumulators in the form of thin-walled metal containers mounted in the walls of the fighting compartment housing, and an electric fan connected to the filter and air intake device.

The proposed device is shown in Fig. 2, which consists of a combat compartment of a military tracked vehicle (VGM) 16, a block for processing information and generating commands 1, a heating and ventilation unit OV-65 (2), a power plant for the base chassis of a military tracked vehicle 3, exhaust gas ducts 4, a control gearbox air damper 5, air duct 6 for supplying hot air to the heat exchanger 7, heat pipes 8, temperature sensor of the fighting compartment of the VGM (9), consumable heat accumulators (PTA) (14), air ducts 17 passing through the PTA, sensor for measuring the density of the consumable substance 10 , air fan 15, power supply 12, control panel 13, outdoor air filter 11 and air intake 18.

The thermal energy of hot air from the power plant of the base chassis or from the heater OV-65, the supply of which is regulated by the air damper control reducer (5), enters the heat exchanger (7). When the engine of the base chassis of the combat vehicle is running, the exhaust gases are removed through the exhaust manifolds and the ejector. To prepare the fighting compartment of the VGM (16) for switching on at low temperatures at a signal from the processing and command generation unit (1), the air damper control gearbox 5 diverts part of the exhaust gases (usually in motion) into the air circuit for preparing the fighting compartment at low temperatures ambient air 6. Hot air can also be supplied from the heating and ventilation unit OV-65 (as a rule, on the spot and on the move). Heat pipes 8 of heat exchanger 7 are built into the air circuit for temperature preparation. At the same time, part of the thermal energy of the exhaust gases through the steam generator I (heat supply zone) (Fig. 3) of heat pipes 8 (Fig. 1, 2) is transferred to the active body 19 in the form of a mixture distilled water, ammonia and aldehydes, heating it to a boil. The active body 19 in the steam generator I (heat supply zone) begins to actively evaporate, while the generated steam flows through the steam line II into the condenser III (the dose of the cyclic supply of the active body), where it condenses on the cold surfaces of the condenser III (heat removal zone), giving off thermal energy to cold air entering (or circulating) into the heating system through the heating circuit 7 (Fig. 2, 3).

The superthermal conductivity of the steam of the active body 19 (Fig. 3) of the heat pipes 8 (Fig. 2, 3) ensures the transfer of heat from the exhaust gases to the inlet air entering the fighting compartment of the military tracked vehicle 16 (Fig. 2). The pulsating process of condensate return to the steam generator I (heat supply zone) (Fig. 3) is carried out automatically due to the resulting pressure difference between the liquid and steam during one cycle in the working volumes of the heat pipes.

It is proposed to use the principle of joint use of consumable heat accumulators (PTA) (14) and the combat compartment heating system (2, 3). PTA uses reversible endothermic processes of melting of working substances (nickel nitrate), accompanied by additional heat absorption during phase transformations of these substances from a solid to a liquid state after they reach a predetermined temperature inside the combat compartment. Melting heat accumulators (14) are a thin-walled metal container mounted in the walls of the fighting compartment hull. To reduce the thermal resistance of the melting substance, the internal capacity of the PTA is made in the form of a honeycomb panel. The container and honeycombs are made of a metal case with high thermal conductivity. To prevent the complete melting of the melting substance, upon the signal of the density measurement sensor 10, the air fan 15 is turned on, which, through the air ducts (17) passing through the PTA, drives air through the heat exchanger 7, removing heat from the working area of the PTA, while maintaining optimal temperatures in the fighting compartment VGM (16).

As a result of using a device to ensure the operability of personnel and electronic equipment inside the habitable compartment of a military tracked vehicle at low temperatures (for heating and temperature control of the air temperature in the fighting compartment of the VGM) using consumable heat accumulators (PTA) with additional air-liquid heat exchange on thermal tubes will reduce the time to reach the operating thermal regime at low temperatures, reduce the cost of electrical energy and eliminate the possibility of carbon monoxide poisoning when operating in special conditions.

Thus, the use of this device will ensure that the parameters and characteristics of the temperature regime are maintained within the limits specified in the technical specifications. The simplicity of the design of the proposed device allows it to be installed during serial production, as well as during the modernization of the VGM, and does not require significant material costs.

Claims (1)

A device for ensuring the operability of the personnel of the habitable compartment of a military tracked vehicle at low temperatures, containing a power plant of the base chassis, a standard heating unit OV-65, an air intake device and a protected volume of a military tracked vehicle, characterized in that an information processing and command issuing unit is additionally installed connected to the power supply unit, control panel, air damper control gearbox, heat pipe heat exchanger, melting heat accumulators in the form of thin-walled metal containers mounted in the walls of the fighting compartment housing, and an electric fan connected to the filter and air intake device.

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