RU2767799C1 - Kit for hiding the pontoon crossing from the park pp-2005 with a water-aerosol curtain from optoelectronic reconnaissance means - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: camouflage means.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to means of camouflage, in particular to means of concealing crossings, including pontoon ones, by setting up aerosol curtains. Set for hiding pontoon crossing from park PP-2005 with water-aerosol curtain from optoelectronic reconnaissance means comprises high-pressure main line with intermittently built-in nozzles for spraying liquid over the object, which are located on the outer surface of the pontoon crossing and structurally linked to each other and the surface of the links of the park PP-2005. High-pressure main line is fixed on telescopic stands located on side parts of links of pontoon park PP-2005. Telescopic stand consists of hollow fixed and retractable parts, having process holes for fixation of high pressure main line at required height due to spring-loaded pins, fixed part of post has thread for installation in cup, which is connecting element between post and link, which is installed in the technological hole of the link intended for the anchor beam and not used after the pontoon crossing. Retractable part of the post has a ring attachment with a seal, providing the high-pressure main line installation by means of a bolt screwed into the threaded hole, low-pressure main line incorporates filter elements to clean intake water from impurities, at the same time, the operation of the kit is provided by a gasoline/diesel electric generator.

EFFECT: creation of a water-aerosol curtain for concealment by a pontoon crossing from the park PP-2005 from optoelectronic reconnaissance means.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The claimed invention relates to the field of masking crossings over water barriers and involves increasing the survivability of a pontoon crossing made using the PP-2005 fleet. The required camouflage effect is achieved primarily by hiding the pontoon crossing from optoelectronic reconnaissance equipment in the visible and infrared ranges of the electromagnetic wave spectrum.

As you know, hiding an object can be achieved by implementing three main methods:

changing the physical parameters of the object (color, surface structure, reflective and radiative characteristics) in such a way that they correspond as closely as possible to the parameters of the underlying surface (background), providing the least contrast;

setting up a barrier between the object and the reconnaissance means by using various hiding or simulating masks;

changing the characteristics of the environment between the object and the reconnaissance means to impede the propagation of electromagnetic waves of the corresponding range.

Given the size and length of the pontoon crossing, the nature of the underlying surface (water), the use of the first two of the above methods of concealment is inappropriate, since it requires a lot of labor and the use of a wide range of products and materials. The main way to hide crossings over water barriers, including pontoons, is to install an extended aerosol curtain, in the vast majority of cases using various means of specialized smoke release.

Known are smoke machines, heat engines with sets of dispersing devices, aerosol generators, systems and kits for remote control of smoke, designed to set up an aerosol smoke screen and maintain it in the atmosphere for the required time [1].

Known are small, medium and large smoke bombs, differing in size and smoke-forming compositions and consisting of a housing and an igniter device with an igniter composition. These devices are intended for setting masking smoke screens manually, using mechanization tools (mine layer, helicopter mine spreader), as well as using smoke release remote control tools [2].

As a general disadvantage of using specialized smoke release devices, in relation to hiding a pontoon crossing, one can single out, firstly, the dependence of the process of setting a smoke aerosol screen on weather conditions and air flow, as well as restrictions on the coordinates of placing the setting device; secondly, the need to attract specialized military and military equipment and personnel in addition to those performing the task of equipping and maintaining a pontoon crossing; thirdly, a significant supply of materials and products is needed if it is necessary to install an aerosol curtain for a long time.

Such a method of changing environmental parameters as the creation of "artificial fog" is widely known, as well as devices for its implementation in various fields of application (for example, "Liquid sprayer", patent RU 2424835; "Device for spraying liquid in a gaseous medium with the formation of a gas-drop jet with high kinetic energy" patent RU 2283152, "Device for spraying liquid", patent RU 2320425, "Device for spraying water" patent RU 2511978, and others). As a rule, the principle of creating "artificial fog" is based on spraying water under high pressure through nozzles, due to which the liquid is separated into fine droplets 10 ... 20 microns in size, followed by their evaporation. The advantages of this method of setting up an aerosol curtain, in relation to a pontoon ferry, are as follows:

water is used as a consumable, the amount of which is essentially unlimited;

there is the possibility of setting up a water-aerosol curtain for the required period of time, as well as the possibility of “turning on” and “off” the curtain at any time, which significantly expands the tactics of its use;

there is no need to involve special equipment and means, the setting of the curtain can be carried out by personnel performing the task of equipping and maintaining the pontoon crossing;

there is no need to carry out calculations according to the coordinates of the installation facility, the weak dependence of the water-aerosol curtain on weather conditions and wind direction in the case of high-pressure water spraying.

As a prototype, which most fully shows the technical essence of the proposed kit for hiding a pontoon crossing from the PP-2005 park with a water-aerosol curtain, the “Generator for placing a controlled water foam-aerosol mask over a ground object that interferes with WTO guidance means” (Patent 183038 RF, publ. 07.09.2018, Bull. No. 25), containing located on the outer surface of the object, structurally linked to each other and the surface of the ground object, a liquid tank, a high-pressure pump, a pipeline system with periodically built-in nozzles for spraying liquid above the object, and the length of the pipeline system and the configuration of the location on the surface of the masked ground object, as well as the number of nozzles periodically built into the pipeline, included in the generator set, depends on the type of the masked ground object and the masking method pre-selected in accordance with the plan.

As the main drawback of this device, in relation to the concealment of the pontoon ferry, it can be noted that it lacks structural elements for fastening the high-pressure pipeline with nozzles directly to the links of the pontoon ferry at the height necessary to ensure the movement of equipment, which greatly complicates the possibility of setting up a water-aerosol curtain in the shortest possible time by the forces of the personnel equipping and maintaining the crossing.

The objective of the invention is to create a technical device that implements the principle of creating "artificial fog" by spraying fine water droplets under high pressure in order to create a water-aerosol curtain to hide the pontoon crossing from the PP-2005 park from optical-electronic reconnaissance equipment.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the kit for hiding the pontoon ferry from the park PP-2005 with a water-aerosol curtain from optical-electronic reconnaissance equipment consists of a high-pressure fogging system and structural elements that are in functional unity, ensuring its installation and operation on the pontoon ferry.

The task is achieved by the fact that the kit for hiding the pontoon ferry from the park PP-2005 with a water-aerosol curtain from optoelectronic reconnaissance means contains located on the outer surface of the pontoon ferry structurally linked to each other and the surface of the links of the park PP-2005 high-pressure line with periodically built-in nozzles for spraying liquid over the object. At the same time, the high-pressure line is fixed on telescopic racks located on the side parts of the links of the PP-2005 pontoon park. Each telescopic rack consists of hollow fixed and retractable parts with technological holes for fixing the high-pressure line at the required height due to spring-loaded pins. The fixed part of the post has a thread for installation in a sleeve, which is a connecting element between the post and the link, which is installed in the technological hole of the link, intended for the anchor beam and not used after the assembly of the pontoon ferry. The retractable part of the rack has an annular fastening with a seal, which ensures the installation of a high-pressure line with a bolt screwed into a threaded hole. The low-pressure line incorporates filter elements for cleaning the intake water from foreign impurities, while the operation of the kit is provided by a gasoline / diesel electric generator.

The ring mount with a seal may have a swivel mechanism to ensure that the water-aerosol curtain is placed in the required direction, and the high-pressure line may have fittings for mounting an additional pipeline with nozzles in order to increase its length in accordance with the total length of the pontoon crossing.

The technical essence of the claimed invention is shown in Fig. 1, 2, 3.

In FIG. 1 shows the hydraulic diagram of the kit, where:

1 - high pressure pump; 2 - manometer; 3 - fine filter; 4 - low pressure line; 5 - coarse filter; 6 - low pressure pump; 7 - water, 8 - high pressure line, 9 - nozzle.

In FIG. 2 shows a sketch of the kit, explaining the principle of its operation, where:

10 - river link of the pontoon park PP-2005, 11 - water-aerosol curtain, 12 - telescopic rack.

The design of the telescopic strut with mounting units on the link of the pontoon park PP-2005 and fastening of the high-pressure line is shown in Fig. 3, where:

13 - threaded glass, 14 - fastening with a seal, 15 - fastening bolt, 16 - technological holes for fixing the retractable part of the telescopic rack, 17 - fixing element.

The principle of operation of the kit for hiding a pontoon crossing from the PP-2005 fleet with a water-aerosol screen from optoelectronic reconnaissance equipment is that sea water is supplied by a low pressure pump 6 through a low pressure line 4 through a coarse filter 5 and a fine filter 3 into a high-pressure pump pressure 1, which, under a pressure of 50-70 atmospheres, supplies purified water to the high-pressure line 8. The nozzles 9 of the high-pressure line are located at a distance of 80-100 cm, depending on the design, and create clouds of fine water droplets overlapping each other another and forming a continuous water-aerosol curtain over the pontoon ferry.

The installation of the kit is carried out as follows. After the pontoon ferry is built, the personnel installs cups 13 having an internal thread into the technological holes of the pontoon park links, intended for the anchor beam and not used directly during the operation of the ferry. After installing the cups, telescopic racks 12 are mounted in them. The next step is the high-pressure pipeline with nozzles is fixed in fixtures 14, located at the top of the retractable part of the telescopic racks, and having a cap element for fixings. The fasteners have a seal in their inner part, made of an elastic material and providing reliable fixation of the pipeline. The direction of spraying is determined based on the conditions of the situation (wind direction) by setting the nozzles at the required angle in the vertical plane by turning the pipeline. Optionally, the mounts can have a swivel device (not shown in the figures) that allows you to change the direction of water spray in the vertical plane, which provides additional variability in the use of the kit during operation. After fixing the pipeline with nozzles along the entire length of the crossing, the retractable part of the telescopic racks 12 rises to a height that ensures unhindered movement of equipment along the crossing, and is fixed with the help of fixing elements 17 in the technological holes 16.

The installation of a water-aerosol curtain begins from the moment power is supplied to the low and high pressure pumps from a mobile power source, which can be a diesel / gasoline generator.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the application of the claimed kit for hiding a pontoon crossing from the PP-2005 park with a water-aerosol curtain from optical-electronic reconnaissance equipment was carried out by evaluating the brightness contrasts in the visible and infrared ranges of the electromagnetic wave spectrum according to known mathematical dependencies.

The object contrast in the visible wavelength range has the form [3,4]:

и

большая и меньшая яркости контрастирующих поверхностей объекта и фона.Here

And

greater and lesser brightness of the contrasting surfaces of the object and the background.

принимаем яркость водной поверхности.As background brightness

accept the brightness of the water surface.

сквозь водно-аэрозольную завесу [3]:crossing brightness

through a water-aerosol curtain [3]:

- яркость переправы до применения водоаэрозольной завесы;where:

- the brightness of the crossing before the application of a water-aerosol curtain;

r - radius of fog particles = 10 µm;

n is the concentration of particles per unit volume = 3×10 ⁹ ;

l - fog layer thickness = 1 m;

K _e - contrast ratio threshold = 0.2.

The calculations showed a decrease in the brightness contrast in the visible wavelength range K _view when using a water-aerosol curtain by 25 ... 30%.

The brightness contrast in the infrared wavelength range is determined by the difference between the radiation temperatures of the surfaces of the object and the background, taken modulo [4,5]:

In turn, according to [6], the radiation temperature is related to the thermodynamic temperature by the following relation:

where: ε _p is the emissivity (or grayness factor) of the material (surface).

Then formula (3) will take the form:

where: T _about and T _f - thermodynamic temperatures of the object and background, respectively.

According to well-known statistical data [3, 5], it has been established that a water-aerosol curtain 1 m thick reduces the temperature by 5-15 degrees due to the evaporation of fine water droplets, depending on the ambient temperature, which makes it possible to reduce the brightness contrast by 30...40 %, taking into account the emissivity of the metal, which has a color "khaki" ε _about =0.85 ... 0.9 and the emissivity of water ε _f = 0.95 ... 0.96.

Thus, the claimed invention expanded the scope of water-aerosol curtains by developing a kit that allows you to hide the pontoon crossing from the park PP -2005, the installation of which is carried out in a short time independently by the personnel who equips and maintains the crossing, without the involvement of special equipment , products and materials.

Literature:

1. N.T. Volkov, R.A. Azizov, I.Yu. Koloskov. Textbook sergeant RCB protection. - Ulyanovsk: OJSC IPK "Ulyanovsk Printing House", 2006.

2. Yu.I. Weitzer, G.P. Luchinsky. masking smoke. - M., L.: GNTI of chemical literature, 1947.

3. X. Green, V. Lane. Aerosols, dust, smoke and mists. Ed. 2nd, ster.: Chemistry, 1972.

4. V.A. Krivilev, A.G. Bulakhov, S.S. Volkov. Camouflage of troops and military facilities: a tutorial. - Moscow: VIA, 1996.

5. Men'shakov, Yu.K. Fundamentals of protection against technical intelligence: study guide / Yu.K. Menshakov; under total ed M.P. Sychev. -M.: Publishing house of MSTU im. N.E. Bauman, 2014.

6. V.I. Malyshev Introduction to experimental spectroscopy M., Nauka 1979, 480 p.

Claims (3)

1. A kit for concealing a pontoon ferry from the PP-2005 park with a water-aerosol screen from optoelectronic reconnaissance equipment, containing a high-pressure line with periodically built-in nozzles for spraying, located on the outer surface of the pontoon ferry, structurally linked to each other and the surface of the links of the park PP-2005 above the liquid object, characterized in that the high-pressure line is fixed on telescopic stands located on the side parts of the links of the PP-2005 pontoon park, while the telescopic stand consists of hollow fixed and retractable parts with technological holes for fixing the high-pressure line at the required height due to spring-loaded pins, the fixed part of the post has a thread for installation in a glass, which is a connecting element between the post and the link, which is installed in the technological hole of the link, intended for the anchor beam and not used after the assembly of the pontoon lane right, and the retractable part of the rack has an annular fastening with a seal, which ensures the installation of the high-pressure line with a bolt screwed into the threaded hole, and the low-pressure line incorporates filter elements for cleaning the intake water from foreign impurities, while the operation of the kit is ensured for petrol/diesel generator. 2. A kit for hiding a pontoon crossing from the park PP-2005 with a water-aerosol screen from optoelectronic reconnaissance equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the ring mount with a seal has a swivel mechanism to ensure that the water-aerosol screen is set in the required direction. 3. A kit for hiding a pontoon crossing from the PP-2005 park with a water-aerosol screen from optoelectronic reconnaissance equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that the high-pressure line has fittings for mounting an additional pipeline with nozzles in order to increase its length in accordance with the total length of the pontoon crossing.

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