RU2765191C1 - Method for cultivating littoral bivalves in a polyculture - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: animal husbandry.

SUBSTANCE: method involves cultivation of littoral mussels 50%, soft-shell clams 25% and macomas 25% in a polyculture, planted together on a floating unit consisting of surface (1) and underwater floats (2) interconnected by a lineyard (3) and a carrier rope (4) provided with a safety carabiner (5) at the ends, an auxiliary buoy (6) and an underwater buoy (7), side backropes (8) with an anchor (9). Suspended wells (10), located one under another at a distance of 300 to 400 mm, are hanged from the floating unit. The wells are made of plastic with a lattice structure and treated with a polyester gelcoat, have a shape of a rectangle, open at the top and interconnected by a lineyard along the perimeter of the structure. Cultivation of mussels, soft-shell clams and macomas in the polyculture begins from May-July. The unit with bivalves is placed at a distance of 50 m from the seashore at a depth of more than 8 m. Littoral mussels with a size of 20 mm, soft-shell clams with a size of 40 mm, and macomas with a size of 15 mm with a biomass of more than 4 kg are located together in the wells. Mussels, secreting byssus threads, secure soft-shell clams and macomas in the well, preventing fallout thereof in a storm. Mollusks secreting metabolites in the process of vital activity contribute to an increase in the rate of shell length gain by 15 to 30% in each other on the unit.

EFFECT: method allows for production of littoral bivalves of commercial size without foreign impurities.

1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The field of technology to which the invention belongs

The invention relates to the fishing industry (mariculture).

State of the art

A known method of breeding mussels on a semi-cyclic technology, including the fastening of mussels on cables and traps of collectors installed on rafts. Growing molluscs in this way in the marine environment is different in that during the cultivation process, mussels are exposed to metabolites released by natural mussel populations under the influence of stress factors. When applying this method, withdrawal from 5 to 20% of individuals, usually 3 years of age, is used as a stress factor. The collector is placed at a distance of 5-10 m from the colony of mussels (RF patent No. 2111657, IPC A01K 61/00, 1998). The disadvantage of this method is the use of exposure to metabolites released by the natural population of mussels and the placement of rafts with collectors at a distance of 5-10 m from the mussel colony. Placing rafts with collectors in close proximity to a colony of mussels living in the littoral zone is impossible, because rafts will be in the surf zone and can be destroyed. In addition, sea water in the surf zone mixes with silt and sand, which affects the quality of the mussels grown.

A device for growing molluscs is known, which provides for the placement of juvenile mollusks in cages, fastening on a rope and placed in the sea. Young molluscs at least three months old are placed in cages. The cages are placed in the sea in an open area at a depth below the border of the summer thermocline (patent document RU 2149541 C1, 27.05.2000). The disadvantage of this method is the use of conventional cages (without open parts), which will lead to their complete overgrowth with algae and a decrease in food intake for mollusks, and the location of cages below the border of the summer thermocline, as a rule, at a depth of 12-20 m will lead to a decrease in the growth rate of animals due to for low water temperatures.

A known method of cultivating littoral mussels is described in the work of Sukhotin A.L. and others. "Linear growth of the White Sea mussels under changing living conditions" St. Petersburg State University, (http://www.zin.ru/kartesh/articles/Sukhotin%20Kulakovskii.pdf), according to which mussels are collected in the littoral and placed in nursery gardens. The disadvantage of this method is the use of net cages, in which there are no open parts, the net, when in the water for a long time, becomes overgrown with algae and stretches, forming a depression where mussels begin to accumulate, forming competition for food. Cages completely covered with a net and not having holes are very overgrown, water and food for mussels do not penetrate well inside. Thus, mussels are in insufficient favorable habitat conditions.

A known method for the combined cultivation of Pacific mussels (patent document RU 2685119 C1), characterized in that the mussels are transplanted from the sublittoral to a floating installation, consisting of overlays connected in series with each other by a carrier cable, containers hanging from the overlays, located one under the other, are made of lattice plastic and open in the upper part, a group of containers are lined with a deck with holes for removing mussels, the cultivation of mussels begins from May-July, the installation with mussels is placed at a distance of 50 m from the seashore at a depth of more than 6 m, while in the container there are transplanted from the sublittoral mussels from 30 mm in size over 3 years old with a biomass of more than 4 kg, releasing metabolites in the process of vital activity, contributing to the formation of abundant spat on delhi and containers. The disadvantage of this method is the use of mesh cages, for settling spat of mussels from plankton, as a result of the cage, they will be partially overgrown with juveniles and worsen the living conditions of adult mussels. The method is applicable only for growing mussels, but cannot be used for growing mussels and poppies. Metabolites secreted only by mussels do not contribute to such an increase in the growth rate of the shell length, as in the cultivation of mussels, myas and poppies in polyculture.

The closest prototype is a plant for growing littoral Pacific mussel (patent document RU 127585 U1), characterized by the fact that it is a long line consisting of a rope with welds attached to it, having auxiliary buoys at the ends and side braces with anchors, characterized in that containers are connected to the rope with attached overlays, located one below the other, which are made of lattice plastic and open in the upper part. The disadvantage of this installation is the direct connection of surface surfacings with the rope, as a result, during a storm, the rope with surfacings on the wave will jerkily stretch, toss containers in the water, which can lead to a breakdown of the installation. At the ends of the installation there is only one auxiliary buoy on the sea surface, which contributes to the poor tension of the long line. The containers are made of lattice plastic, not treated with polyester gelcoat, as a result they are less strong and do not have low adhesion, they are overgrown with algae and organisms settling from plankton. The containers are located one below the other, poorly interconnected, as a result of which the structure does not have sufficient strength. The containers do not have enough space under each other, are poorly washed by the flow of water, and the mussels are not so well provided with food in containers.

Disclosure of invention

To achieve this task, it is proposed within the framework of the method of cultivating littoral bivalve mollusks in the polyculture of mussels 50%, mussels 25% and poppy seeds 25% are planted together on a floating installation consisting of surface (1) and underwater surfacings (2), interconnected by a line (3 ), and a carrying rope (4) having a safety carabiner (5) at the ends, an auxiliary buoy (6) and an underwater buoy (7), side guys (8) with an anchor (9). Suspended cages (10) hang from the floating installation, located one below the other at a distance of 300-400 mm. The cages are made of plastic with a lattice structure and treated with a polyester gelcoat, they look like a rectangle, open in the upper part and interconnected by a line along the perimeter of the structure. Cultivation in the polyculture of mussels, miy and poppy seeds begins in May-July. The installation with bivalve molluscs is placed at a distance of 50 m from the seashore, at a depth of more than 8 m. In the cages there are together littoral mussels with a size of 20 mm, mussels with a size of 40 mm and makoms with a size of 15 mm with a biomass of more than 4 kg. Mussels that secrete byssal threads hold the mussels and poppies in the cage, preventing them from falling out during a storm. Mollusks that release metabolites in the course of their life activity contribute to an increase in the rate of increase in the length of the shell by 15-30% from each other in the installation. The method makes it possible to obtain commercial-sized Pacific mussels, mussels and makomomas without foreign impurities.

Implementation of the invention

Littoral mussels 50%, miy 25% and poppy seeds 25% are planted together on a floating installation consisting of surface (1) and underwater floats (2), interconnected by a line (3) and a carrying rope (4), having a safety carabiner at the ends (5) auxiliary (6) and underwater buoy (7) with side guys (8) and anchor (9). Suspended cages (10) hang from the floating installation, located one under the other at a distance of 30-40 cm, made of plastic of a lattice structure and treated with a polyester gelcoat. The cages have the form of a rectangle, are open in the upper part and are interconnected by a line along the perimeter of their structure. The installation with mussels, miyami and makoms is placed at a distance of 50 m from the seashore at a depth of more than 8 m, and cultivation begins from May-July. In the cages there are together littoral mussels from 20 mm in size, mussels from 40 mm in size and maqoms from 15 mm with a biomass of more than 4 kg, while mussels that secrete byssal threads fasten the mussels and poppy seeds in the cage, prevent them from falling out during a storm, and Also, mollusks that release metabolites during their life activity contribute to an increase in the rate of shell length growth by 15-30% for each other in the installation. The method makes it possible to obtain commercial-sized Pacific mussels, mussels and makomomas without foreign impurities.

Claims (1)

A method for cultivating littoral bivalve mollusks in polyculture, characterized in that mussels 50%, mussels 25% and poppy seeds 25% are planted together on a floating installation consisting of surface (1) and underwater surfacings (2), interconnected by a line (3) and carrying rope (4) having a safety carabiner (5) at the ends, an auxiliary buoy (6) and an underwater buoy (7), side guys (8) with an anchor (9), hanging cages (10) located at each other hang from the floating installation under each other at a distance of 300-400 mm, made of plastic with a lattice structure and treated with a polyester gelcoat, having the shape of a rectangle, open in the upper part and interconnected by a tench along the perimeter of the structure, cultivation in the polyculture of mussels, myas and poppies begins from May-July, the installation with bivalve mollusks is placed at a distance of 50 m from the seashore, at a depth of more than 8 m, in the cages there are together littoral mussels with a size of 20 mm, mussels with a size of 40 mm and makoms with a biome masses of more than 4 kg, while mussels that secrete byssal threads hold together miy and poppy seeds in the cage, preventing them from falling out during a storm, as well as mollusks that secrete metabolites in the process of life, contribute to an increase in the rate of increase in shell length by 15-30% each friend at the installation.

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