RU2765140C2 - Dishwasher and cleaning method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: household appliances.

SUBSTANCE: dishwasher (1) contains a washing chamber with door (14), spraying device (4), a device for heating washing liquid (10), as well as electronic control device (12) that controls heating device (10) during a hot washing stage, depending on a temperature gradient of washing liquid measured by temperature sensor (9).

EFFECT: improvement of the dishwasher and method for dish washing in terms of reduction in energy, water and time consumption and general improvement of the dishwasher performance.

20 cl, 1 dwg

Description

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for cleaning/washing dishes using a dishwasher and to a dishwasher operating according to this method.

[0002] Dishwashers are known to have a washing chamber for receiving dishes to be washed, a spray device configured to spray washing liquid on dishes located in the washing chamber, and a heating device configured to heat the washing liquid.

[0003] Known dishwashers allow you to select one or more dishwashing programs, characterized, for example, by a choice of washing temperature, which allows the washing program to adapt to the type of dirt being removed, or an "ecological" mode, which saves energy and / or water.

[0004] Therefore, at present, the user makes a targeted selection of certain parameters, such as, for example, washing temperature, without specifying the most suitable temperature for a certain type of dirt, for example, deposits, greasy residues, and so on. In addition, most of the known dishwashers do not allow you to choose cleaning parameters depending on the amount of dishes loaded into the washing chamber and the properties of the material and / or surface, which nevertheless affect the washing result, taking into account both the total surface area to be cleaned, as well as the heat capacity and thermal conductivity of dishes, which determine the temperature and time of contact of the washing liquid with dirt, as well as the time of evaporation of the washing liquid and / or rinsing. The only possibility of influencing the washing intensity depending on the amount of dishes is the dosage (by the user) of the amount of detergent, but also in this case also without any instructions or automatic execution.

[0005] It is also an object of the present invention to improve known dishwashers and dishwashing methods so as to adapt the washing program so that it is more responsive to the quantity and/or material and/or weight of dishes to be washed.

[0006] It is another object of the invention to improve known dishwashers and dishwashing methods so as to automate the setting of dishwashing parameters based on the quantity and/or material and/or weight of dishes to be washed.

[0007] The present invention also seeks to improve prior art dishwashers and dishwashing methods in terms of reducing energy, water, time and overall improved washing performance.

[0008] These and other objectives are achieved using the dishwasher according to claim 1 and using the method of washing dishes in a dishwasher.

[0009] Preferred embodiments of the invention are set forth in the claims.

[0010] In accordance with an aspect of the invention, a dishwasher comprises:

[0011] - a washing chamber for receiving dishes to be washed,

[0012] - a spray device configured to spray washing liquid in the washing chamber for wetting dishes,

[0013] - a device for heating washing liquid,

[0014] - an electronic control device configured to implement a dish cleaning program with at least one hot wash stage, comprising the stage of initial heating of the washing liquid and simultaneous distribution of the heated washing liquid over the dishes in the washing chamber,

[0015] - a temperature sensor connected to an electronic control device, and an input thermal contact for washing liquid,

[0016] characterized in that:

[0017] - during the initial heating phase, the temperature sensor measures the temperature of the washing liquid,

[0018] - depending on the temperatures measured by the temperature sensor, the electronic control device calculates a temperature gradient parameter characterizing the rate of heating of the washing liquid (and, therefore, dishes wetted with washing liquid) during the said initial heating stage,

[0019] - The electronic control device regulates the heating device during the hot wash step depending on the temperature gradient parameter.

[0020] The temperature gradient of the washing liquid (and hence wet dishes) varies with the amount of dishes loaded, weight, surface area, and dish material, and is therefore a universal or generic measure of the amount of dishes that will be washed, wetted, and heated.

[0021] Adjusting the operating time and off time of the heating device and / or adjusting the total time of the hot washing stage (which also includes a possible hot washing stage after turning off the heating device, but with the same preheated washing liquid) depending on the calculated temperature gradient parameter, allows for targeted adaptation of the cleaning/dishwashing program according to the amount of dishes loaded into the wash cabinet. This makes it possible to automate the setting of dishwashing parameters based on the quantity and/or material and/or weight of dishes to be washed, in order to better match the need to reduce energy consumption, water consumption and time costs and improve washing performance.

[0022] For a better understanding of the invention and appreciation of its advantages, some embodiments of the invention will be described below as a non-limiting example with reference to Figure 1, which shows a dishwasher in accordance with an embodiment of the invention, without a door for a better view of the internal components.

[0023] As shown in the Figure, the dishwasher is usually indicated by 1. The dishwasher 1 comprises at least one washing chamber 2, configured to receive dishes 3 to be washed, which is closed by means of a door 4 (only indicated schematically) . Inside the dishwasher 1, a spray device 4 is provided, in the form of a pump 5 with a supply pipe 6 and one or more spray nozzles 7 and / or spray rotors 8. The spray device 4 is configured to spray the washing liquid over the dishes 3 located in the washing chamber 2. The dishwasher 1 further comprises a heating device for heating the washing liquid, such as an electrical resistor 10, which can be installed, for example, but not necessarily, in the washing liquid collection tank 11. The tank 11, preferably located in the lower region of the washing chamber 2 or under the washing chamber 2 is connected to a spray device 4 to ensure the spraying of cold or heated washing liquid necessary for cleaning dishes.

[0024] Dishwasher 1 further comprises controls, such as an electronic unit or controller 12, configured to implement a dishwashing program, preferably selected from a plurality of cleaning programs.

[0025] Most cleaning programs include at least one dish cleaning/washing program with at least one hot wash step comprising a washing liquid initial heating step in which the heating device 10 is actuated to heat the washing liquid. and the spray device 4 is actuated to distribute and spray the heated washing liquid over the dishes 3 located in the washing chamber 2.

[0026] The dishwasher 1 further comprises a temperature sensor 9 connected to the electronic control device 12 and a thermal contact for washing liquid, preferably located inside the collection tank 11, but at a distance from the heating device 10, so that the temperature of the washing liquid is measured, and not the heating devices 10.

[0027] In accordance with an aspect of the invention, during the initial heating step, the temperature sensor 9 measures the temperature of the washing liquid - depending on the temperatures measured by the temperature sensor 9 and transmitted to the control device 12, the electronic control device 12 calculates a temperature gradient parameter I characterizing the speed heating of the washing liquid (and hence the amount of dishware soaked in the washing liquid) during said initial heating step. The electronic control device 12 determines whether the heating device 10 is turned off during the hot wash step and/or the duration of the hot wash step, depending on the temperature gradient setting.

[0028] The temperature gradient of the washing liquid (and hence the wet dish 3) varies with the amount of dish 3 loaded, the weight, surface area and material of the dish 3 and is therefore a universal indication of the amount of dish 3 that will be washed, wetted and heated.

[0029] Adjusting the operating time and off time of the heating device 10 and/or adjusting the total time of the hot wash step (which also includes a possible hot wash step after the heating device 10 is turned off, but with the same preheated washing liquid) depending on the calculated temperature parameter gradient, allows you to perform targeted adaptation of the cleaning / dishwashing program according to the number of dishes 3 loaded in the washing chamber 2. This allows you to automate the setting of the parameters for cleaning dishes 3 based on the amount and / or material and / or mass of dishes 3 that need to be washed in order to better reconcile needs to reduce energy, water and time consumption and improve wash performance.

[0030] Detection and/or determination of temperature gradient parameter I

[0031] In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the temperature gradient parameter I may be an increase (i.e., a drop) in temperature detected by the temperature sensor 9 in a control time interval (e.g., constant and set) during the initial heating step, and, therefore, temperature drop. The higher this temperature difference, the greater the rate of heating of the washing liquid and dishes 3, and therefore it will characterize a smaller amount or mass of dishes 3 to be washed. The lower this temperature difference, the lower the rate of heating of the washing liquid and dishes 3, and therefore it will characterize a larger number or mass of dishes 3 to be washed.

[0032] According to a further embodiment of the invention, the temperature gradient parameter I may be a quotient of the rise (i.e., difference) in temperature detected by the temperature sensor 9 in a control time interval (e.g., constant, setpoint, or variable) during the initial heating step and the duration of the control time interval, and, consequently, the temperature gradient. The higher this temperature gradient, the greater the rate of heating of the washing liquid and dishes 3, and therefore it will characterize a smaller amount or mass of dishes 3 to be washed. The lower this temperature gradient, the slower the rate of heating of the washing liquid and dishes 3, and therefore it will represent a larger quantity or mass of dishes 3 to be washed.

[0033] In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the parameter I of the temperature gradient is equal to or proportional to the quotient (T_target_min-T2)/t1 between the difference (increase) in the temperature of the washing liquid (T_target_min-T2), measured over a time interval, and the duration t1 of the specified time interval of the stage initial heating.

[0034] More specifically, as an example, the measured washing liquid temperature difference (T_target_min-T2) may be the difference between the set or set minimum nominal heating temperature T_tar_min of the washing liquid, for example, 55°C, and the initial temperature T2 of the washing liquid not yet heated (therefore, it is measured before turning on the heating device 10). In this case, the duration t1 is the time between turning on the heating device 10 and reaching the minimum nominal temperature T_target_min. The time interval t1 is not constant (because it depends on the mass and total heat capacity of the dishes), and the achievement of the minimum nominal temperature T_target_min is checked by the control device 12 by comparing the temperature determined by the temperature sensor 9 with the control value T_target_min.

[0035] Adjusting the parameters of the hot wash stage - temperature

[0036] In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the control device 12 controls the duration of the heating device 10 or the heating capacity of the heating device 10 during the hot wash step depending on the temperature gradient parameter I. In particular, the control device 12 increases the duration of the turn-on phase of the heating device 10 and/or the heating power of the heating device 10 as the temperature gradient (parameter) I decreases relative to the set time and/or power control values and the temperature gradient. Therefore, as the weight or quantity of the dishes 3 increases, the duration of the on phase and/or the heating power of the heating device 10 increases.

[0037] In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the control device 12 regulates the maximum value of the nominal temperature T_target_max of the washing liquid depending on the temperature gradient (parameter) I and checks the maximum value of the nominal temperature T_target_max using the heating device 10 and the temperature sensor 9.

[0038] In particular, the maximum value of the nominal temperature T_tar_max of the washing liquid increases with a decrease in the temperature gradient (parameter) I, which characterizes a large thermal inertia and, consequently, a larger amount and mass of dishes 3 loaded into the washing chamber 2.

[0039] Thus, as the mass and/or quantity of dishware 3 to be cleaned increases, the maximum temperature at which the washing liquid is heated, and hence the total amount of thermal energy transferred to the dishware and washing liquid, automatically increases.

[0040] Likewise, as the weight and/or quantity of dishware 3 to be cleaned decreases, the maximum temperature at which the washing liquid is heated, and therefore the total amount of thermal energy transferred to the dishware and washing liquid, automatically decreases.

[0041] In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the control device 12 regulates the maximum nominal temperature T_target_max within a fixed temperature interval, for example, between 55°C and 65°C, with a fixed lower value (for example, below 45°C), which provides a sufficiently high temperature to activate the chemical and physical dirt removal mechanisms, and a fixed high value (for example, below 75°) that prevents thermal damage to the dishes 3 and the dishwasher 1, regardless of the amount of dishes 3 loaded, registered using the above temperature gradient.

[0042] Adjusting the parameters of the hot wash stage - duration

[0043] In accordance with an embodiment, during the hot wash phase, the electronic control device 12 keeps the heating device 10 on until the maximum nominal temperature T_target_max of the washing liquid is reached and turns off the heating device 10 when the maximum nominal temperature T_target_max is reached (recorded by the temperature sensor 9), but continues to drive the spray device 4 for washing the dishes 3 is activated with the preheated washing liquid and with the heating device 10 switched off for the remaining duration of the hot wash t2.

[0044] With the aforementioned regulation of the maximum nominal temperature T_target_max depending on the temperature gradient (parameter) I, as the recorded temperature gradient decreases (which characterizes a large mass and / or amount of dishes 3 to be cleaned), the duration of the initial heating stage, as well as the maximum temperature reached and therefore the total amount of thermal energy transferred to the dishes and washing liquid is automatically increased.

[0045] Similarly, as the recorded temperature gradient increases (which characterizes a large mass and / or number of dishes 3 to be cleaned), the duration of the initial heating stage, as well as the maximum temperature reached and, therefore, the total amount of thermal energy transmitted to the dishes and washing liquid, automatically reduced.

[0046] An additional advantage of the control device 12 is that it determines or calculates the value of the remaining hot wash duration t2 as a function of the temperature gradient (parameter) I. In particular, the value of the residual hot wash duration t2 increases as the temperature gradient (parameter ) I, i.e. as well as the thermal inertia, and hence the quantity and mass of dishes 3 loaded into the washing chamber 2, increase.

[0047] Thus, as the weight and/or quantity of the dishes 3 to be cleaned increases, the duration t2 of the hot washing step with the heating device 10 turned off automatically increases, using the heat transferred to the dishes and the washing liquid for a longer time and washing the dishes 3 for a longer time.

[0048] Similarly, as the temperature gradient (parameter) I increases (indicative of less weight and/or quantity of dishes 3 to be cleaned), the duration of the hot wash step with the heat off is automatically reduced, reducing time and energy consumption.

[0049] In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the control device 12 regulates the residual duration t2 of the hot wash step with the heating device 10 turned off for a fixed time interval, for example, from 300 to 1200 seconds, with a fixed lower value (for example, less than 240 seconds), which ensures the use of the washing liquid and the heat already introduced into the system, as well as with a fixed large value (for example, less than 1300 seconds), which prevents unnecessary and repeated cleaning of already cleaned dishes with already contaminated washing liquid, regardless of the number of loaded dishes 3 registered with mentioned temperature gradient.

[0050] Adjustment of the parameters of the subsequent stage of cold rinsing - duration

[0051] In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, after completion of the hot wash step, the electronic control device 12 activates the washing liquid drain and loading, for example, by means of one or more cold rinse liquid inlet valves 13, in particular from the cold water network, to perform the cold rinsing operation with the heating device 10 switched off and the spraying device 4 switched on for rinsing previously washed dishes 3 during the cold rinsing t3.

[0052] In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the control device 12 adjusts the duration of the cold rinse t3 depending on the temperature gradient (parameter) I.

[0053] In particular, the duration of the cold rinse t3 increases as the temperature gradient (parameter) I decreases, which characterizes a large thermal inertia and, consequently, a larger amount and mass of dishes 3 loaded into the washing chamber 2.

[0054] Thus, as the weight and/or quantity of dishes 3 to be cleaned increases, the duration t3 of cold rinsing, and hence the residence time of the rinse liquid on the dishes, automatically increases, allowing more time to rinse more as well as more complete utilization. residual heat energy stored in the cookware.

[0055] Likewise, when the weight and/or quantity of the dishware 3 to be cleaned is reduced, the cold rinse time t3 and hence the stay of the cold rinse liquid on the dishware is automatically reduced, reducing time and energy consumption.

[0056] In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the control device 12 adjusts the duration t3 of the cold rinsing step over a fixed time interval, for example, from 120 to 240 seconds, with a fixed lower value (for example, more than 100 seconds), which ensures the minimum duration of rinsing, and with a fixed large value (eg less than 300 seconds), which prevents an unnecessary long rinsing step and the corresponding energy consumption, regardless of the amount of dishes 3 loaded, registered with said temperature gradient.

[0057] In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the control device 12 compares the temperature gradient (parameter) I with a predetermined threshold value, and if the temperature gradient (parameter) I is below the predetermined threshold value, it does not perform cold rinsing and immediately switches after the hot washing step to the hot rinse step and then to the dish 3 drying step, for example by condensing the moisture evaporated from the dish 3.

[0058] The complete exclusion of cold rinsing, if the temperature gradient parameter I is below a predetermined threshold, leads to a decrease in water and electricity consumption for pumping.

[0059] Regulation based on the recorded ambient temperature T1

[0060] In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, when the dishwasher 1 is turned on or at the beginning of a cleaning or washing program, before loading water from the network (washing liquid) into the washing chamber 2, the temperature sensor 9 registers the value of the ambient temperature T1 and the control device 12 saves the recorded value T1 of the ambient temperature and:

- performs control of the heating device 10, and/or

- regulates the temperature and/or duration of the hot wash phase, and/or

- adjusts the duration of the cold rinse phase,

as a function of the recorded ambient temperature T1.

[0061] Taking into account the effect of ambient temperature on the energy balance of the wash, in an embodiment of the invention, the control device 12 increases the duration of the heating device 10 and/or the heating power of the heating device 10 as the detected ambient temperature T1 decreases, for example, relative to the set control values of time and/or power and temperature.

[0062] In addition, or alternatively, the control device 12 may increase the maximum value of the nominal temperature T_target_max of the washing liquid, as the detected ambient temperature T1 decreases.

[0063] In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the control device 12 increases the duration of the initial heating step (for example, at a constant heating power) as the detected ambient temperature T1 decreases.

[0064] Likewise, as the detected ambient temperature T1 increases, the duration of the initial heating step as well as the maximum washing liquid temperature automatically decreases.

[0065] In addition, or alternatively, the control device 12 determines or calculates the value t2 of the remaining duration of the hot wash also depending on the detected ambient temperature T1.

[0066] In particular, the remaining hot wash time t2 increases as the detected ambient temperature T1 decreases. Similarly, as the detected ambient temperature T1 increases, the duration of the hot wash step t2 with the heating off automatically decreases.

[0067] The influence of the recorded ambient temperature T1 on the estimate of the quantity of dishes depending on the recorded temperature gradient depends on the heat capacity of the washing chamber 2 and on the thermal insulation of the washing chamber 2 from the environment surrounding the surface of the dishwasher 1. As an example, with a constant recorded temperature gradient the change in the maximum nominal temperature T_target_max based on the recorded ambient temperature T1 is below 1.5%, preferably below 1%, of the T_target_max value expressed in °C. For example, if the temperature gradient parameter I is fixed at a given ambient temperature T1 of 16°C, the value of T_target_max is 62.9°C, while at a recorded ambient temperature T1 of 30°C, the value of T_target_max is 62.2°C.

[0068] In accordance with an embodiment of the invention, the control device 12 adjusts the duration of the cold rinse t3 depending on the detected ambient temperature T1. In particular, the cold rinse time t3 increases as the detected ambient temperature T1 decreases and vice versa.

[0069] Both the temperature gradient (parameter) I and the ambient temperature T1 (if taken into account in the control method) are constant values determined based on the measurement made by the temperature sensor 9, taking into account their changes, for example, "increase" and " decrease” as well as the resulting changes, such as “increase” or “decrease” in temperature and the duration of the stages of the cleaning program, should be considered with reference to pre-set or selected control values.

[0070] Control based on initial temperature 12 of water or washing liquid

[0071] In the event that the water or washing liquid loaded into the dishwasher already has a very high initial temperature, for example, more than 35°C, it is not easy to determine a significant temperature gradient, since part of the thermal energy of the washing liquid has already been absorbed by the dishes 3 at the time of loading. washing liquid, which usually occurs when spraying on dishes at the same time, and since the time required to reach the minimum nominal heating temperature of the washing liquid T_target_min, for example 55 ° C, is very limited.

[0072] For this reason, and due to the small amount of electricity required to further heat the washing liquid, the control device can compare the initial temperature T2 of the not yet heated washing liquid (measured before activation of the heating device 10) with a predetermined threshold value, for example, 35° C, and if the initial temperature T2 is greater than the set threshold value, the device will set the values T_target_max and / or t2 and / or t3 directly at their set maximum values, regardless of the heating rate of the washing liquid and, therefore, regardless of the amount of dishes 3 loaded into the washing chamber 2.

[0073] In an embodiment of the invention, the cleaning/washing program may comprise the following:

[0074] - the initial stage of switching on, in which the temperature sensor 9 registers, and the control device 12 stores the ambient temperature T1,

[0075] - the subsequent pre-washing step, in which the control device 12 actuates the supply valve 13 to load water from the network into the washing chamber 2, where the water is sprayed over the dishes 3 without actuating the heating device 10,

[0076] a subsequent hot wash step with an initial heating step and a post-hot wash step described above,

[0077] - subsequent stage of cold rinsing,

[0078] and, if provided, a subsequent hot rinse step and a final dry step.

[0079] With the described dishwasher 1, it is possible to perform a dishwashing method designed to save water, electricity and detergent with the same amount of dishes washed and with improved washing results, designed to more completely remove food residues from dishes.

[0080] In particular, the method includes the steps and operations previously described and performed automatically by the control device 12. Alternatively, the same steps and operations can be performed using equivalent, alternative, or different means of the control device 12 or an operator.

[0081] In fact, the control and operation of the dishwasher can be performed by the control device 12, and also in a non-automatic manner.

[0082] It is obvious that further changes and modifications to the dishwasher 1 and the method of cleaning dishes, described earlier, can be performed by specialists in the art to meet all certain and specific needs that fall within the protection scope of the invention, as defined in the following claims .

Claims (51)

1. A method for cleaning and / or washing dishes using a dishwasher (1), including: - a washing chamber (2), made with the possibility of washing dishes (3), which is closed by means of a door (14), - a spray device (4) configured to spray the washing liquid on the dishes (3) located in the washing chamber (2), - a heating device (10) configured to heat the washing liquid, - a control device (12) configured to carry out a dish cleaning program, - a temperature sensor (9) connected to the electronic control device (12) and an input thermal contact for washing liquid, wherein the method includes: - at least one hot washing stage with a stage of initial heating of the washing liquid, in which the heating device (10) is activated to heat the washing liquid, and the spray device (4) is activated to distribute and spray the heated washing liquid over the dishes ( 3) in the washing chamber (2); and with a residual hot wash step; characterized in that: - during the initial heating phase, the temperature sensor (9) measures the temperature of the washing liquid, - depending on the measured temperature, the electronic control device (12) calculates the parameter (I) of the temperature gradient, which characterizes the heating rate of the washing liquid in the said initial heating stage, - the electronic control device (12) regulates the heating device (10) during the hot washing step depending on the temperature gradient parameter. 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the temperature gradient parameter (I) is selected from the group consisting of: - temperature increase registered by the temperature sensor (9) in the control time interval, - the relationship between the increase in temperature recorded by the temperature sensor (9) in the control time interval, and the duration of the control time interval. 3. The method according to claim 1, in which the parameter I of the temperature gradient is equal to or proportional to the private (T_target_min-T2)/t1 between the temperature difference of the washing liquid (T_tar_min-T2) measured over a time interval and the duration (t1) of the specified time interval in the time of the initial heating stage, where: - temperature difference (T_target_min-T2) is the difference between the set or set minimum target heating temperature (T_target_min) of the washing liquid and the initial temperature (T2) of the washing liquid, not yet heated, measured before the activation of the heating device (10), - duration (t1) is the time between turning on the heating device (10) and reaching the minimum target temperature (T_target_min), at which the achievement of the minimum target temperature (T_target_min) is checked by the control device (12) using a temperature sensor (9). 4. The method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the control device (12) regulates the duration of the activation of the heating device (10) or the heating capacity of the heating device (10) during the hot washing step depending on the temperature gradient parameter (I). 5. The method according to claim 4, in which the control device (12) increases the duration of the heating device (10) and / or the heating power of the heating device (10) with a decrease in the temperature gradient parameter (I) relative to the specified control values. 6. The method according to claim 4, in which the control device (12) determines the value of the maximum target temperature (T_target_max) of the washing liquid depending on the temperature gradient parameter (I) and checks the achievement of the maximum target temperature value (T_target_max) using a temperature sensor (9 ), moreover, the value of the maximum target temperature (T_target_max) of the washing liquid increases with a decrease in the parameter (I) of the temperature gradient. 7. The method according to claim 6, in which the control device (12) regulates the maximum target temperature (T_target_max) within a fixed temperature range from 55 to 65°C. 8. The method according to one of paragraphs. 6 or 7, in which, during the hot washing step, the electronic control device (12): - keeps the heating device (10) on until the maximum target temperature (T_target_max) of the washing liquid is reached, - turns off the heating device (10) when the maximum target temperature (T_target_max) of the washing liquid is reached, and - after turning off the heating device (10) continues to activate the spray device (4) for the remaining duration of the hot wash (t2), moreover, with a decrease in the temperature gradient parameter with respect to a given control value, the duration of the initial heating stage, as well as the maximum target temperature (T_target_max) of the washing liquid, automatically increases, moreover, with an increase in the temperature gradient parameter in relation to a given control value, the duration of the initial heating stage, as well as the maximum target temperature (T_target_max) of the washing liquid, automatically decreases. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the control device (12) regulates the remaining duration of the hot wash (t2) depending on the parameter (I) of the temperature gradient. 10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the value of the residual duration of the hot wash step (t2) increases as the temperature gradient parameter (I) decreases, and the value of the residual duration of the hot wash step (t2) decreases as the parameter (I) of the temperature gradient increases. 11. Method according to claim 8, wherein the control device (12) regulates the remaining duration (t2) of the hot wash step over a fixed time interval of 300 to 1200 seconds. 12. The method according to claim 1, wherein after the hot wash step is completed, a cold rinse step is performed, while the electronic control device (12) activates the washing liquid discharge and the cold rinse liquid loading in order to perform the cold rinse step with the heating device (10) turned off ) and with an active spray device (4), during cold rinsing (t3), moreover, the control device (12) regulates the duration of cold rinsing (t3) depending on the parameter (I) of the temperature gradient. 13. The method of claim 12, wherein the cold rinse time (t3) increases as the temperature gradient parameter (I) decreases and decreases as the temperature gradient parameter (I) increases relative to predetermined control values. 14. The method according to claim 12, wherein the control device (12) regulates the duration (t3) of the cold rinse step over a fixed time interval of 120 to 240 seconds. 15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the control device (12) compares the temperature gradient parameter (I) with a predetermined threshold value and, if the temperature gradient parameter (I) is less than the predetermined threshold value, after the hot washing step, a hot rinsing step is immediately performed, and then the dish drying step (3). 16. The method of claim. 1, in which the method includes an initial stage of switching on at the beginning of the cleaning or washing program and a subsequent pre-washing stage before the hot washing stage, a cold rinse stage with a residual cold rinse stage after the hot washing stage, while at the pre-washing stage the washing liquid is loaded into the washing chamber (2), and at the initial stage of switching on, the temperature sensor (9) registers the value of the ambient temperature (T1) and the control device (12): - performs control of the heating device (10), and/or - regulates the temperature and/or duration of the hot wash phase, and/or - adjusts the duration of the cold rinse phase, also depending on the recorded ambient temperature (T1). 17. The method according to claim 16, in which the control device (12): - increases the duration of operation of the heating device (10) when the registered ambient temperature (T1) decreases, - increases the maximum target temperature (T_target_max) of the washing liquid when the detected ambient temperature (T1) decreases, - increases the duration of the initial heating stage when the ambient temperature decreases (T1), and moreover, as the ambient temperature (T1) increases, the duration of the initial heating step decreases, and the maximum temperature of the washing liquid also decreases. 18. The method according to claim 16 or 17, in which the control device (12) regulates the remaining duration of the hot wash (t2) depending also on the detected ambient temperature (T1), while the remaining duration of the hot wash (t2) increases as registered ambient temperature (T1). 19. The method according to claim 16 or 17, in which the control device (12) regulates the remaining duration of the cold rinse (t3) depending on the detected ambient temperature (T1), while the residual duration of the cold rinse (t3) increases as the recorded ambient temperature (T1) and vice versa. 20. The method according to claim 16 or 17, in which the control device (12) compares the initial temperature (T2) of the washing liquid, measured before the activation of the heating device (10) with a predetermined threshold value, and if the initial temperature (T2) is greater than the predetermined threshold value , the control device (12) sets the values of the maximum target temperature (T_target_max) of the washing liquid, the residual duration of the hot wash (t2) and the duration of the cold rinse (t3) directly to their specified maximum values.

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