RU2764208C1 - Seed pickler with aspiration system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: seed pickler with an aspiration system is proposed, which contains a receiving inclined screw, a seed hopper with a pickling chamber with disk working bodies and sprayers placed under it, and a cylindrical aspirator filter case mounted on a frame, inside which there is a lattice cylinder covered with filter cloth. On top of the case, there is a fan with an impeller mounted on a shaft of its vertically mounted electric drive, as well as a dust accumulator fixed at the base of the aspirator filter case, and a dust intake fixed on its side. A removable hemispherical casing is mounted above a casing of the receiving inclined screw to form a vacuum chamber, the cavity of which in its upper part is equipped with a dust outlet pipe connected by means of a corrugated duct to the dust intake of the aspirator case. The upper hemisphere of the receiving inclined screw is made with holes, parameters of which are less than parameters of seeds to be pickled, and the upper cavity of the seed hopper is equipped with an air intake valve regulated from the atmosphere.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to clear seeds from dust and impurities.

1 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The claimed invention relates to agricultural production and can be used in the treatment of seeds of agricultural crops with protective and stimulating drugs (hereinafter drugs) in seed processing machines, for example, in seed dressers. The goal is to expand the functionality of the machine with a decrease in the degree of seed injury by working bodies, improve the quality of seed coating with preparations with their economical use and, accordingly, reduce the cost of dressing, as well as improve operator hygiene.

Known seed treater PS-10A with an aspiration system with the placement of its working bodies in the unloading vertical and horizontal augers, including a fan placed between the absorption filter and the hopper with filters connected by a manifold through an air duct with a zone of spilling seeds from a horizontal auger into a shoulder, while absorbing particles of dust impregnated with preparations, providing safe working conditions for the operator and workers. /Setting and adjustment of machines for plant protection (Manual for machine operators)/. V.A. Vyalykh, I.T. Shtokolov, L.A. Mikhin. Voronezh - 1986. S. 22-34.

The disadvantage of treaters with such an aspiration system is that the seeds injured by the inclined receiving auger are covered with impurities and dust both in the auger and in the hopper, penetrating through cracks and chips into the seed, followed by absorption of preparations in the treatment chamber. As a result, under-treatment of seeds occurs with a decrease in biological efficiency and, consequently, the yield of the cultivated crop.

The quality of seed dressing is determined by the degree of their injury by working bodies, mainly screw augers, the number of which in modern machines is: PS-10 AM and PS-22 (Gatchinselmash LLC, Russia), respectively - 4 and 6; PS-20K (OOO Agrokhimmash, Russia) - 5; PS-20-02 "Super" ("Lvovagromash", Ukraine) - 3; Mobitoks "Super" (Hungary) - 3; PS-20D and PSS-20 (Belarus) - respectively - 4 and 3 pieces. As a result of injury to seeds, first of all, their field germination is reduced. So, “...injuries reduce the field germination of seeds of winter crops by 17.5%, spring crops - by 25%. Of the sown injured seeds in the soil, up to 40 kg perishes at a seeding rate of 2 c/ha, as a result, the stem is sparse, with a corresponding decrease in yield " / Injury to seeds and its prevention. / Under the general editorship of Dr. s.-x. sciences, prof. I.G. Strons. - S. 95-102.

As a result of friction and impacts of seeds on the casing of the auger, their integrity is violated with the formation of cracks and chips. /Ptitsyn S.D. Change in the quality of seeds under the influence of shock loads, - Vestnik p. -X. Sciences, 1963, No. 8/. At the same time, there is no removal of dust and impurities from the pick-up and loading screws and the receiving hopper, which then absorb a significant part of the preparations when they pass through the seed treatment chamber, reducing the quality indicators of the process - their under-treatment and, accordingly, the potential crop yield. The sanitary hygiene of workers is also violated.

The closest analogue as a prototype adopted seed treater chamber with an aspiration system PSK-15 "Belama plus", Republic of Belarus / Seed treater chamber PSK-15. Operation manual with warranty card PSK-15. 00. 00.000 RE/. Website www.belama.com Tel. +37529603-78-64.

The treater is equipped with three augers: two loading ones - horizontal pick-up, inclined receiving and inclined unloading, as well as an aspiration system containing a filter housing placed on a cylindrical frame and an electric motor mounted on it with an exhaust vane fan with an electric drive mounted on its shaft.

A lattice cylinder is placed inside the filter housing, covered around the perimeter with a filter cloth, and a dust accumulator is attached to the bottom of the filter housing with a nut. In the middle part, the cavity of the filter housing is connected by means of a dust collector and a flexible corrugated sleeve with the upper cavity of the receiving hopper of seeds with the seed dosing mechanism placed in it. The fan draws air from the cavity of the filter housing, creating a vacuum in it, ensuring the entry of dust with small impurities deposited in the drive, and the air is removed through the filter cloth by the vane fan.

The disadvantage of such a conveyor with an aspiration system in relation to seed dressers is as follows. The transported seeds in an inclined receiving screw auger move according to the principle of dragging a screw, consisting of a shaft with a screw spiral mounted on it. When the screw rotates, the axial force moves the mass of seeds along its axis along the chute. Seeds from rotation together with the screw are kept by gravity and friction between them and the walls of the casing.

During inclined and vertical transportation, the mass of seeds moves due to the difference in the angular velocities of the seeds and the screw. The mass of seeds driven into rotation by the screw under the action of centrifugal forces and pressure on the walls of the casing is slowed down by friction forces on the casing of the auger, which leads to their damage and the penetration of dust particles through cracks and chips into the seed. Therefore, getting then from the inclined receiving auger into the bunker, and then into the dressing chamber, the completeness of penetration of the preparations applied to the seeds with a disk sprayer is sharply reduced due to their partial absorption by the dust located in the cracks and chips, not reaching the embryo, while maintaining the negative impact of pathogens on it. .

The technical problem solved when creating the claimed seed treater is their complete cleaning from dust and impurities and with a decrease in the degree of their injury before entering the receiving hopper of the unit with the intake of dust and impurities by the fan from the cavity of the receiving inclined auger, followed by their deposition into the accumulator.

In order to solve the problem in the seed treater with an aspiration system, the receiving inclined auger is equipped with a hemispherical casing mounted above it, the cavity of which is connected to the dust-air mass intake marked out on the sidewall of the aspirator filter housing by means of a dust outlet pipe and a flexible corrugated sleeve. At the same time, openings are made in the upper hemisphere of the casing of the inclined receiving auger, connecting its cavity with the cavity of the hemispherical casing of the vacuum chamber with the possibility of moving the dust-air mass into the dust intake of the aspirator using a fan with an electric drive placed above it.

In this design, the seeds moved by the receiving inclined auger are in suspension due to the vacuum formed in its chute, reducing their coefficient of friction and, accordingly, the degree of injury.

The technical result of such a constructive solution is the early removal of dust and impurities from the surface of seeds moved by a receiving inclined auger with subsequent entry into the receiving hopper of the unit and the dressing chamber located under it with a disc seed distributor rotating in it and a hemispherical spray of the working fluid supplied by a hydraulic pump from the unit tank .

Brief description of the drawings.

1 - receiving inclined auger,

2 - casing of the receiving inclined auger with a flange Ф ₁ ,

3 - outlet holes of the upper hemisphere of the receiving inclined auger,

4 - casing of the vacuum chamber with a flange Ф ₂ ,

5 - locking connection of the flanges of the casings of the auger and the vacuum chamber,

6 - cavity of the vacuum chamber - primary dust collector,

7 - dust outlet pipe,

8 - corrugated air duct,

9 - dust collector,

10 - aspirator filter housing,

11 - filter cloth,

12 - lattice cylinder,

13 - dust accumulator,

14 - fan impeller,

15 - fan impeller electric drive,

16 - electric drive of the receiving inclined auger with a protective cover of the pulleys,

17 - outlet pipe of seeds cleaned from dust and impurities of the receiving inclined auger,

18 - sleeve,

19 - the neck of the receiving hopper of seeds,

20 - seed hopper,

ZVR - adjustable air intake valve from the atmosphere,

21 - electric drive of hollow and solid shafts with disks for seeds and working fluid fixed on them and placed in the dressing chamber (not shown).

The claimed invention is illustrated by the following drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a functional diagram of a seed treater with an aspiration system with a longitudinal section of a receiving inclined auger;

In FIG. 2 - cross section A-A of the receiving inclined auger with holes in the upper hemisphere and a casing of the vacuum chamber placed above it, as well as with locking joints of the flanges F ₁ and F ₂ ;

In FIG. 3 - side view B of the casing of the receiving inclined screw and the casing of the vacuum chamber fixed on it.

Implementation of the invention

The seed treater with an aspiration system contains a receiving inclined auger 1, the upper hemisphere of the casing 2 contains outlet holes 3 (Fig. 1 and 2), the parameters of which are less than the parameters of the seeds of the corresponding crop to be treated, and also flanging is made outside in the middle part on both sides in the form of flanges F ₁ and F ₂ along the length of the screw. A variant of the screw execution is possible, consisting of two hemispheres - upper and lower, of which the upper one is made removable, i.e. interchangeable in several versions with the sizes and shapes of the holes for dressing the seeds of the corresponding crop.

Above the casing 2 there is a hemispherical casing of the vacuum chamber 4 with flanges - flanges F ₂ with placement between them and the flanges F _{1 of} rubber gaskets RP with locking joints 5 (Fig. 2) and forming together a cavity of rarefied air - a vacuum chamber 6, connected by means of the upper a dust outlet pipe 7, a corrugated air duct 8 with a dust intake 9 of the aspirator filter housing 10, the inner cavity of which contains a filter cloth 11 encircling the lattice cylinder 12, and at the base there is a dust accumulator 13, and in the upper part of the aspirator filter housing 10 there is a fan impeller 14, fixed on the shaft of its electric drive 15.

In the upper outlet part of the screw 1 on the casing 2, an electric drive 16 is installed with a pulley fixed on its shaft, connected by a V-belt to the screw shaft pulley (not shown) and the pulleys closed with a protective cover, and the lower cavity of the screw 1 through the outlet pipe 17 and the sleeve 18 is connected to the neck 19 of the receiving hopper 20 of seeds cleaned of dust and impurities and placed above it the electric drive 21 of two vertical shafts - a hollow shaft and a solid shaft installed in it, placed in the seed dressing chamber (not shown) with a flat disk distributor fixed to them along the perimeter of the seed chamber and spherical - for spraying the working fluid (RJ) supplied by the hydraulic pump from the reservoir of the unit (not shown). In addition, the upper cavity of the seed hopper 20 is equipped with an adjustable air intake from the atmosphere.

The seed dresser with an aspiration system works as follows.

At the beginning of the work shift, the operation of the aspiration system of the unit is checked, turning on and off the electric drive 15 of the fan impeller 14, sucking in air from the cavity of the receiving inclined auger 1. Then, after checking the functioning of the main working bodies, the unit is adjusted to the design capacity, followed by turning on the electric drive 15 of the fan impeller 14, creating a vacuum in the internal cavity of the filter housing 10, limited by a dust-proof filter cloth 11 through a dust intake 9, a corrugated air duct 8, a dust outlet pipe 7 placed in series in the vacuum chamber 6, and through holes 3 - in the upper hemisphere of the cavity of the screw 1, in which, when its rotation and the movement of the flow of seeds, a mass of dust and small impurities is formed in a suspended state, which enters the dust collector 9 mixed with air, then settling in the dust accumulator 13, and the air through the filter cloth 11 and the lattice cylinder 12 from the cavity of the filter housing 10 of the impeller oh fan 14 is removed to the outside.

Cleaned from dust and impurities, the seeds are fed by auger 1 through the outlet pipe 17, the linen sleeve 18 and the neck 19 into the seed hopper 20 and then into the treatment chamber for disk working bodies with a common electric drive 21 placed in it for treatment with preparations. In order to prevent the formation of vacuum in the seed hopper, its upper cavity is equipped with an air intake valve from the atmosphere controlled by the SVR.

The proposed seed treater with an aspiration system allows them to be cleaned before entering the seed hopper by suction of dust and impurities from the casing cavity of the receiving inclined auger by a fan. Seeds in this case are in suspension. At the same time, firstly, one hundred percent use of preparations by seeds is guaranteed, preventing their absorption by dust and impurities in the dressing chamber; secondly, the suspended state of the seeds in the cavity of the auger reduces the coefficient of friction against the casing, ensuring their integrity, the estimated completeness of dressing and field germination.

Claims (1)

A seed treater with an aspiration system, characterized in that it contains a receiving inclined auger, a seed hopper with a seed treatment chamber placed under it with disk working bodies and sprayers, and a cylindrical aspirator filter housing mounted on a frame, inside of which there is a lattice cylinder covered with a filter cloth, and on top of the housing there is a fan with an impeller fixed on the shaft of its vertically installed electric drive, as well as a dust accumulator fixed at the base of the aspirator filter housing, and a dust collector on its side part; at the same time, a removable hemispherical casing is mounted above the casing of the receiving inclined auger to form a vacuum chamber, the cavity of which in its upper part is equipped with a dust outlet connected by means of a corrugated air duct to the dust inlet of the aspirator housing, in addition, the upper hemisphere of the receiving inclined auger is made with holes whose parameters are less parameters of the seeds to be treated, and the upper cavity of the seed hopper is equipped with an air intake valve controlled from the atmosphere.

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