SU854298A1 - Knifer - Google Patents

Description

(54) SCARIFIER

one

The invention relates to presowing treatment machines for seeds having a hard, moisture-proof casing, scarifiers.

A scarifier is known, which includes a hopper with a feeding device, a working chamber with scarifying surfaces, in which throwing discs, a cyclone and a drive mechanism are fixed on a vertical shaft.

A disadvantage of the known scarifier is the complexity of the design, as well as the low quality of the seeds processed by it.

A scarifier is also known, which includes a loading hopper with a metering device and a supply nozzle, a working chamber in which a scarifying working body, an air intake regulator, a cyclone and a drive mechanism 2 are installed on the vertical shaft.

A disadvantage of the known scarifier is the low quality of the treated seeds, since it does not ensure uniform deposition of microcracks on their surface. Microcracks are applied only at the points of contact between the seeds and the scarifying surface during impact. In addition, during scarification, the germ of some of the seeds in the process of impact is damaged and perishes. On impact, chipping occurs, after which, when sown, various bacteria cause plant diseases or seed rot, leading to seminal weakness or complete death of the latter.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality

10 scarification seeds n.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a scarifier, which includes a loading hopper with a metering device and a supply nozzle, a working chamber in which a scarifying tool is installed on the vertical shaft, an air intake regulator, a cyclone and a drive mechanism, the air intake regulator is designed as an inverted large base up the truncated cone, which is fixed in the working chamber above the scarifying worker

Claims (2)

20 is coaxial with the latter, the scarifying working body is also designed as a truncated cone. The drawing schematically shows the proposed scarifier. The scarifier consists of a loading hopper 1 with a metering device 2 and a feeding nozzle 3. A solenoid 4 is placed on the outer surface of the feeding nozzle, creating an electromagnetic field and thereby stimulating the viability of the seeds after sowing. In the working chamber 5, an air intake regulator 6 is fixed, made in the form of a truncated cone facing a large base upwards. The surface of the air intake regulator 6 is made with openings located concentrically with its vertical axis. The axial movement of the regulator 6 is carried out by an adjusting device (not shown), which is installed on the outer side of the working cam 5. To prevent injury to the seeds, the working chamber 5 can be covered from the inside by an elastic material. Regulator 6 air intake is located above the scarifying working body 7 and coaxially with it. Critical working body 7 is also made in the form of a truncated cone, the inner surface of which is covered with abrasive material. The scarifying tool is equipped with a conical spreader 8 and is mounted on a vertical shaft 9 installed in the casing 10 on the supporting pads 11 and 12. The holder 10 is attached to the inclined bottom 13 of the working chamber 5. On the frame 14 the electric motor 15 is mounted, on the shaft of which the variator driving pulley 16 is mounted connected by a V-belt drive 17 with a driven pulley 18, which is mounted on the lower end of the shaft 9. In the side wall of the working chamber 5 close to its inclined bottom 13, an exit window 19 is made to remove the treated seeds, which is connected A pneumatic deflector. A conveyor belt 20 with a cyclone 21 inlet window. A fan 22 is installed above the cyclone. A bag 23 is attached to the cyclone outlet orifice to unload the treated seeds. The technological process of seed scarification is as follows. The seeds are loaded into the hopper 1, and then through the metering device 2 are fed into the supply nozzle 3, the passage through which is processed by the electromagnetic field created by the solenoid 4, which enhances their sowing qualities. Then the seeds enter the conical spreading device 8, by which the eyes are evenly distributed around the perimeter of the base of the cone of the scarifying working body 7. When the scarifying working body 7 rotates under the action of the centrifugal force of inertia, the seeds move up along its abrasive inner surface, depositing the sides are a lot of small scratches. Thus, the process of scarification occurs, whereby the air and moisture necessary to ensure the conditions of growth can penetrate to the embryo. The pressure of the air entering the scarifying surface through the holes of the air regulator presses the moving seeds against it and thereby increases the friction force. By varying the frequency of rotation, the gap between the regulator 6 and the scarifying working body 7, as well as the amount of air pressure, the depth and area of scratching of the seeds can be varied. After scarification, the seeds on the inclined bottom 13 of the working chamber 5 arrive at the exit window 19 and are directed by the air flow along the air-throw conveyor 20 into the cyclone 21. Here the fan 22 creates a vacuum, takes air with dust and small particles of seed casings and directs removal outside the room. Seeds are deposited in cyclone 21 and enter bag 23. 23. The use of the proposed scarifier will improve the quality of seed scarification. Claims of the invention of a scarifier comprising a hopper with a metering device and a supply nozzle, a working chamber in which a scarifying tool is installed on the vertical shaft, an air intake regulator, a cyclone and a drive mechanism, characterized in that n, the air intake regulator is made in the form of a truncated cone which faces upwards with a large base, which is fixed in the working chamber above the scarifying working body coaxially to the latter, and rking body is also made in the form of a truncated cone. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. USSR author's certificate number 376042, cl. A 01 C 1/00, 1971. 2. USSR author's certificate number 327894, cl. A 01 C 1/00, 1970 (prototype).