RU2762592C1 - Automatic coupling - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: railway transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of railway transport, in particular to automatic couplers of bogies, trolleys. The automatic coupler contains a body and a canine with a groove-shaped cavity. The canine is installed in the body on the axis. A hole is made in the body above the canine cavity. A vertical locking pin is located in the hole.

EFFECT: automation of coupling works is increasing.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to railway transport, namely to the coupling devices of bogies, trolleys.

Known "AUTO COUPLING OF A RAIL VEHICLE" RU 2249522 [1], including a hollow body equipped with a coupling mechanism, consisting of a shank and a head, equipped with a pocket with a predetermined contour for alignment with an oncoming automatic coupler and a two-arm lever hinged therein, one arm of which is made in in the form of a hook, and the second - in the form of a stop, the coupling mechanism is made in the form of a spring-loaded locking wedge equipped with a displacement drive with a bevel in the locking part, installed with the ability to move it in the through hole of the housing.

The disadvantage of the known solution is low reliability and durability, due to the use of rack and pinion gear with a spring, with the possibility of debris and dust accumulation with an increase in the likelihood of failure when clogging the gear. The disadvantage is also the transmission of forces to the elements of the hitch through the axles, which leads to an increase in the likelihood of damage to the hitch, especially in the event of impacts during the convergence of the bogies.

The closest to the claimed technical solution is "CLAW OF A RAILWAY COUPLING WITH AN INTERNAL SUPPORTING STRUCTURE" RU 2531989 [2], containing a body in which on the axis (with the possibility of turning around the axis in two extreme positions - fixed and not completely fixed) there is a tooth with ...

The known device has the transfer of shock forces between the hitch bodies, which increases the shock resistance, reliability and durability of the hitch.

The disadvantage of the known device is the low level of automation of the coupling, the impossibility of restoring the adhesion without repeated impact, which leads to a narrowing of the field of application.

The technical result of the proposed solution is to increase automation, expand the scope, increase reliability, durability.

The automatic coupler is used to couple the trolleys of the rolling stock, as well as to transfer traction and shock loads. The absorber softens the traction and shock loads acting on the trolleys in the train or during shunting operations, protecting the rolling stock from increased longitudinal dynamic effects.

The automatic coupler is a non-rigid traction and impact device.

The automatic coupler clutch mechanism is designed to perform all technological operations required in operational work:

- automatic clutch when wagons collide;

- manual clutch without operator entering between the cars by turning the handle;

- restoration of adhesion of mistakenly uncoupled automatic couplings between cars standing next to each other without repeated collision, without the operator entering between them;

- work on the "buffer", when the mechanism is installed so that the trolleys do not engage in impact - only the goal of moving them to the required distance is fulfilled.

If necessary, for manual coupling and uncoupling of trolleys, in front (from the side of the trunk, or along the way), above the automatic coupling of each trolley, there is a control lever with a locking pin, which determines the mode of operation of the coupling.

The trolleys are uncoupled in the metering stops at the trunk, where a device is used that acts on the manual control lever with a locking finger.

The technical result is achieved in that the automatic coupler containing the body, in which the canine with the cavity is mounted on the axis, is characterized by the fact that the cavity is made in the form of a groove, in the body there is a hole with a fixing pin located in the hole located above the cavity.

When the canine is in the recessed position, the finger is positioned above the cavity. The axle and the locking pin are oriented substantially vertically. The cavity can be bounded from below by a plane, open on one side, and bounded on the other by a half-cylinder with a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the fixing pin and side walls between the half-cylinder and the open side. This shape is achievable when making a cavity by milling the canine. The cavity can have other acceptable shapes for holding the lower end of the anchor pin, such as are achievable in the manufacture of a canine by casting. The locking pin can also be of arbitrary shape to correspond to the opening in the housing.

Implementation of the invention:

FIG. 1 shows the hitch, top view, FIG. 2 is a side view, FIG. 3 - the beginning of the interaction of two couplings, in Fig. 4 - engaged position, FIG. 5 - coupling control device, where:

1 - case;

2 - canine;

3 - axis;

4 - fixing finger;

5 - cavity;

6 - ledge;

7 - handle;

8 - crankshaft;

9 - bracket;

10 - transitional link;

11 - outer working surfaces of the coupler body.

Fang 2 has the ability to rotate in the body l around axis 3 and has two positions:

"Open" - extended from the body;

"Closed" - drawn into the body.

In the canine 2 there is a cavity 5, where the fixing pin 4 can fit when the canine is rotated, while the canine will be in the closed position. In the raised position of the locking pin 4, the canine 2 can freely rotate around the axis 3.

Coupling operation

The hitch can be in two states:

- closed position;

- open position.

The carts are connected according to the following algorithm:

The fixing pin 4, of one of the couplings, must be in the raised position and rest on the plane of the canine 2 (outside the cavity), while the fixing pin 4 must have a free play of at least 30 mm (standby mode).

The tusk of the other trolley can be in a fixed position:

As the couplers (trolleys) approach each other, the tusk of the second trolley acts on the tusk of the first trolley and rotates it around an axis in accordance with FIG. 3.

With a full turn of the canine 2 of the first trolley, the fixing pin 4 first slides, and then, under its own weight, falls into the cavity 5 milled in the canine 2, blocking the rotation of the canine.

The hitch of the first car is coupled to the hitch of the second car and is in a coupled state in accordance with FIG. 4.

The trolleys are disconnected according to the following algorithm.

It is necessary to raise the locking pin 4, while it will disengage from the canine.

When the trolley moves, the tusk turns and the couplings are released, in accordance with FIG. 3.

The locking pin remains in the raised position because rests against the upper plane of the canine (standby mode).

Buffer mode

Buffer mode is the position of the coupling parts, in which, when two cars interact, they are not connected. To ensure the reliability of the structure, shock loads are perceived by the outer working surfaces of the housings 11 of the couplers. The buffer mode is carried out by pushing the trolley out of the cage with the help of another trolley.

The buffer mode is carried out when the retaining pin of at least one hitch is forcibly held in the raised position.

If the canine of one of the couplings is in the open position, then under the action of the other coupling, the canine 2 rotates, but the fixing pin 4 does not lower and does not fix the canine - the trolleys do not engage.

If the canine of one of the couplings is in the closed position, but is not fixed by the locking pin 4, then the locking pin of the other coupling, due to its configuration, will slightly open the locking pin of the first coupling, while the housings of the couplings will come into contact with each other (Fig. 4), but the clutch is not will happen because the retaining pin is forcibly raised and held in this position.

Hitch design features:

The design of the hitch allows in the buffer mode, in the "open" position of one canine, to ensure the collision of the couplers with the bodies, to exclude dynamic effects on the canine.

The profile of the front part of the canine provides in the buffer mode, even in the "closed" (but not fixed) position of one canine, to ensure the interaction of the bodies, as the most durable elements of the hitch.

On the back of the canine there is a protrusion 6, which in the closed position enters the hole in the body. When traction is applied to the hitch, the load on the canine and body is distributed between the locking pin and this lug.

Coupling control device.

The auto-couplers installed on the trolleys can operate in manual and remote modes, providing a wagon exchange in the mine.

To control the automatic coupler, a drive is installed on the trolley, which consists of a rotary crankshaft 8 mounted on a bracket (bearing) 9 fixed to the trolley frame. Handles 7 are installed along the edges of the shaft, when turning them, the locking pin is lifted. In the middle part of the crankshaft, there is a transitional link 10, which connects the crankshaft with the locking pin, and a lock (not shown) can also be installed to hold the crankshaft, and, therefore, the locking pin, in the upper (raised) position. The transition link can be made, for example, in the form of a piece of a chain or a piece of a metal cable or a metal earring, etc. Alternatively, the crankshaft can be held by gravity rather than by a retainer, with an appropriate weight distribution of the crankshaft.

Operation in manual mode involves the operator's influence on the control handle, while in the "down" position of the handle, the hitch mode is performed.

When the handle is turned in the uncoupling mode, as well as the buffer mode.

The work in automatic mode is carried out according to the approved technology of carriage exchange, while the handle can be turned using guide curves (not shown) installed in certain places of the mine.

The technical result - an increase in the level of automation is achieved by the fact that when the fixing pin is located in the housing bore above the canine with a cavity, the possibility of automatic fixation is achieved and, when a force is applied upward to the fixing pin, the possibility of automatic release of the hitch is achieved. The increased level of automation leads to an expansion of the field of application, for example, in roadways, where it is impossible to accommodate the trolley and the operator at the same time. The increase in reliability is achieved by reducing the number of structural elements, each of which has a non-zero probability of failure.

Industrial applications. The technical solution can be successfully applied for the manufacture of automatic couplings for railway transport, for example, in mine workings.

Claims (4)

1. An automatic coupler containing a body in which a canine with a cavity is mounted on the axis, characterized in that the cavity is made in the form of a groove, an opening is located in the body with a vertically oriented locking pin located in the hole located above the cavity. 2. The automatic coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that the body is made with external working surfaces corresponding to the external working surfaces of the adjacent automatic coupler. 3. The automatic coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains two mirror-symmetrical couplers. 4. The automatic coupler according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a device for automatic control of the position of the retainer from the handle connected to the crankshaft connected to the transition link connected to the retaining pin, the crankshaft is mounted on the frame on the brackets with the possibility of rotation.

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