RU2762432C1 - Device for combing grain plants growing with the disposal of the non-grain part of the crop - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agricultural mechanical engineering, in particular to devices for combing grain crops growing and utilization of the non-grain part of the crop. The device for combing contains a combing drum, a fan, a chopper and a casing. The chopper is mounted on a casing under the combing drum and is made in the form of a screw having a screw surface made in increments of no more than 240 mm and a length equal to the length of the combing drum. In this case, the auger is equipped with cutting and shear-bar elements in the form of segments having the shape of a rectangular trapezoid with a beveled side provided with a cutting edge. The cutting elements are mounted with a straight side on the upper part of the screw surface of the auger in 180 mm increments, and the beveled side with the cutting edge has an angle of inclination of 60° relative to the tangent passing through the attachment point of the element on the screw surface of the auger. The shear-bar elements are installed under the screw and on the inner surface of the casing at a distance of no more than 60 mm from each other and are made in the form of a pair of segments installed against each other in an overlap in the lower straight part with the formation of an intersection angle of their cutting edges equal to no more than 150°. The fan is located inside the combing drum along its entire length and with the possibility of joint rotation, and the casing has an adjustable slope from 10° to 30° relative to the soil surface and a pitched board.

EFFECT: device is characterized by simplicity in design and provides an increase in the quality of grinding of the non-grain part of the crop.

1 cl, 4 dwg, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to a device for stripping grain crops on the root and disposal of the non-grain part of the crop.

There is a known device for stripping standing plants (RF patent for useful model No. 173213. Device for stripping standing plants. IPC: A01D 41/08, publ. 08/16/2017, bull. No. 23), which contains a stripping drum, a fan , pneumatic conveying channels with a dividing flap and a drive of working bodies, and the fan is installed in front of the dividing flap with respect to the stripping drum, while the fan is diametrical for the entire width of the stripping drum.

Known device for stripping cereal plants on the vine (RF patent for useful model No. 187604, IPC: A01D 41/08, publ. 03/13/2019, Bul. No. 8) containing a stripping drum, placed in a housing, a diametrical fan, made on the sweep width of the stripping drum, while the diametral fan is located inside the stripping drum, and the axis of rotation of its impeller shaft coincides with the rotation axis of the stripping drum, in addition, the diametral fan is equipped with a drive mechanism in the form of a V-belt version. After harvesting, the stubble remaining on the standing sometimes serves for wind protection and moisture retention in the no-till technology, but in some cases the remaining stubble creates problems with the need to embed it in the soil.

A common disadvantage of the known devices is the lack of the possibility of collecting, crushing and scattering the non-grain portion of the crop.

Known device for harvesting grain with grinding and scattering straw containing a trough-shaped housing with a screw with right and left winding of the spiral turns to remove straw to the right and left along the path of the combine, while on the right and left of the auger there are cutting and counter blades and spreading blades (patent RF No. 2506737, class A01D 45/22, 2014).

However, the known device does not strip the grain of the standing plants.

Also known is a device containing a stripping drum, fan, shredder, auger and a casing (RF patent No. 2600619, class A01D 41/08, 2016 - prototype).

The disadvantages of the known technical solution are:

- the complexity of the design due to the presence of a grinder, a wiping drum with a screw and a concave, due to which the known device is material-intensive and not sufficiently reliable in its operation;

- the stalk chopper does not cut, but crushes plant residues into small parts, which does not meet agrotechnical requirements, because to maintain soil moisture, crop residues should be no more than 15 cm in size.

- the location of the fan after the wiper drum does not provide high-quality cleaning of grain from the non-grain portion of the crop.

The technical result of the invention is to simplify the design and ensure the quality of grinding the non-cereal part of the crop, corresponding to agrotechnical requirements.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the device for stripping grain plants on the standing with the utilization of the non-grain part of the crop, containing a stripping drum, a fan, a chopper and a casing, according to the invention, the chopper is installed on the casing, under the stripping drum and is made in the form of an auger, which has a screw a surface made with a pitch of not more than 240 mm and a length equal to the length of the stripping drum, and is equipped with cutting and counter elements made in the form of segments, having the shape of a rectangular trapezoid, a beveled side side, which is equipped with a cutting edge, while the cutting elements have a straight side installed on the upper part of the screw surface of the screw with a pitch of 180 mm, and the beveled side with a cutting edge has an angle of inclination of 60 ° relative to the tangent passing through the attachment point of the element on the screw surface of the screw; countering elements are installed under the auger and on the inner surface of the casing, at a distance of no more than 60 mm from each other and are made in the form of a pair of segments overlapping each other in the lower straight part with the formation of an angle of intersection of their cutting edges equal to not more than 150 °; the fan is located inside the stripping drums along its entire length and with the possibility of joint rotation, and the casing has an adjustable inclination from 10-30 ° relative to the soil surface and a pitched board.

The novelty is due to the fact that due to the use as a grinder - an auger with cutting and counter-cutting elements having design features, a decrease in material consumption is ensured, due to a simplified design, since a wiping drum with a screw and a concave indicated in the prototype is made in the form of a single unit, performing the functions of cutting, crushing and spreading the crushed stems of plants in accordance with agrotechnical requirements (Aniskin V.I., Artyushin A.A. Initial requirements for basic machine technological operations in crop production. - M: FGNU "Rosinformagrotech", 2005, 70 p. ).

The features that distinguish the claimed technical solution from the prototype are aimed at achieving a technical result and have not been identified when studying the level of this and related fields of science and technology and, therefore, correspond to the criterion of "inventive step".

The claimed technical solution is applicable for harvesting agricultural crops, in particular for harvesting cereal crops by stripping on the standing with simultaneous utilization of the non-grain part of the crop, which corresponds to the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The essence of the claimed invention is illustrated by drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a device for stripping cereal standing plants with the utilization of the non-cereal part of the crop (side view), in Fig. 2 - the same, in perspective, in Fig. 3 - a photo is presented, which shows the segments from which the cutting and anti-shearing elements are made; in fig. 4 is a photo of a fragment of a prototype of the grinder of the device.

In the drawings, for the sake of clarity, only those details are presented that are necessary to understand the essence of the invention, and related elements well known to those skilled in the art are not shown.

The device for stripping grain plants on the standing with the utilization of the non-grain part of the crop consists of a stripping drum 1 (Fig. 1), placed in a housing 2, a diametric fan 3 is located inside the stripping drum 1, made to the width of the stripping drum, the axis of rotation of the shaft of a fan impeller coincides with the axis of rotation of the stripping drum, the fan 3 diametrical is equipped with a drive mechanism in the form of a V-belt variator (not shown in Fig. 1). Under the stripping drum 1 there is a grinder installed on the casing 4 and is made in the form of a screw 5, which has a screw surface 6, made with a pitch of not more than 240 mm and a length equal to the length of the stripping drum 1. The auger 5 is equipped with cutting 7 and countering 8 elements, made in in the form of segments (Fig. 3), having the shape of a rectangular trapezoid, a beveled side, which is equipped with a cutting edge 9. Cutting elements 7, with a straight side are installed on the upper part of the screw surface 6 of the screw 5 with a pitch of 180 mm, and the beveled side with a cutting the edge 9 has an angle of inclination of 60 ° with respect to the tangent passing through the attachment point of the cutting element 7 on the screw surface of the screw; contradicting 8 elements are installed under the auger 5 and on the inner surface of the casing 4, at a distance of no more than 60 mm from each other and are made in the form of a pair of segments overlapped against each other in the lower straight part with the formation of an angle of intersection of their cutting edges equal to no more than β = 150 °. The casing 4 has an adjustable inclination from 10-30 ° relative to the soil surface and a pitched board (not shown in Fig. 1).

Design parameters of the device, namely:

- the screw surface 6 of the screw 5 has a pitch of not more than 240 mm;

- the length of the auger 5 is equal to the length of the stripping drum 1;

- cutting elements 7 are installed on the upper part of the screw surface 6 of the screw 5 with a pitch of 180 mm;

- the cutting edge 9 of the beveled side of the element has an angle of inclination of 60 ° relative to the tangent passing through the attachment point of the cutting element 7 on the screw surface 6 of the screw 5;

- countering 8 elements are installed under the auger 5 and on the inner surface of the casing 4, at a distance of no more than 60 mm from each other and are made in the form of a pair of segments set against each other overlapping in the lower straight part with the formation of an angle of intersection of their cutting edges 9 equal to no more β-150 °

- casing 4 has an adjustable slope from 10-30 ° relative to the soil surface and a pitched board - they provide cutting, crushing and scattering of the non-grain part of the crop in accordance with agrotechnical requirements, according to which (Aniskin V.I., Artyushin A.A. Initial requirements for basic machine technological operations in crop production. -M.: FGNU "Rosinformagrotech", 2005 - 270 p.) on the basic machine technological operation "Direct combine harvesting of grain crops with crushing and scattering of the non-grain part of the crop over the surface of the field", chopped straw should contain particles of length less than 12 cm in an amount of at least 85%. Chopped straw is scattered across the field evenly to a width not less than the header of the combine harvester. The degree of uneven distribution of chopped straw over the surface of the field - no more than 20%.

The device for stripping grain plants on the vine with the utilization of the non-grain part of the crop works as follows

When moving the combine, the stalks of the grain crop are deflected by the housing 2 and are brought to the rotating stripping drum 1, which separates the ear from the stalk with its teeth and moves the ears into the threshing device (not shown in Fig. 1). Fan 3 blows out excess impurities. Uncut stems fall on the auger 5, which is used for cutting, crushing and transferring the crushed mass to the field. Due to the fact that the helical surface 6 has a length equal to the length of the stripping drum 1, all uncut stems located on the grip band are covered by the device, and its implementation with a step of no more than 240 mm on which the cutting elements 7 are located with a step of 180 mm provides a cut of the stems followed by crushing together with countering 8 elements, which are installed under the auger 5 and on the inner surface of the casing 4, at a distance of no more than 60 mm from each other. Further, the crushed mass along the inner surface of the casing 4 and the pitched board (not shown in Fig. 1) falls on the soil. Due to the adjustable inclination from 10 to 30 ° relative to the soil surface of the edge of the inner surface of the casing, the thickness of the layer of the crushed mass is regulated, which is laid on the soil surface. The smaller the angle of inclination, the thinner the layer of the scattered crushed mass and vice versa.

To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed device, production tests were carried out on 3 models of prototypes of the device, which had different parameters and were performed relative to the prototype on a scale of 1: 5.

The 1st model of the prototype had design parameters 15% less than that of the declared device;

The 2nd model of the prototype was made with design parameters 15% more than the parameters of the declared device;

The 3rd model of the prototype had the parameters of the prototype of the claimed device.

The test results are presented in the table.

Thus, analyzing the test results, it can be seen that the 3rd model of the prototype carries out chopping of straw in accordance with agrotechnical requirements.

Claims (1)

A device for stripping grain plants on the standing with the utilization of the non-grain part of the crop, containing a stripping drum, a fan, a chopper and a casing, characterized in that the chopper is installed on the casing under the stripping drum and is made in the form of an auger, which has a helical surface made with a step of no more than 240 mm, and a length equal to the length of the stripping drum, and is equipped with cutting and counter elements made in the form of segments having the shape of a rectangular trapezoid, the beveled side of which is equipped with a cutting edge, while the cutting elements are installed with a straight side on the upper part of the screw surface of the screw with a pitch of 180 mm, and the beveled side side with a cutting edge has an angle of inclination of 60 ° relative to the tangent passing through the attachment point of the element on the screw surface of the auger, counter elements are installed under the auger and on the inner surface of the casing at a distance of no more than 60 mm from each other and made in the form of a pair of segme nets installed opposite each other overlapping in the lower straight part with the formation of an angle of intersection of their cutting edges equal to not more than 150 °, the fan is located inside the stripping drum along its entire length and with the possibility of joint rotation, and the casing has an adjustable inclination from 10 ° to 30 ° relative to the soil surface and pitched board.

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