RU2761808C1 - Combined beam - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of construction, in particular to structures of combined I-beams. The combined I-beam includes belts of nail material, a transversely corrugated metal wall with teeth on the longitudinal edges pressed into the belts. The belts are made with curvilinear or discretely curved longitudinal mutually coordinated grooves corresponding to the geometry of the wall, and the teeth are partially or alternately bent, molded, pressed into the cavity of the curved grooves. The corrugated wall is additionally fixed with a compound placed in the curved grooves of the belts.

EFFECT: increasing the bearing capacity of the structure.

6 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, in particular to structures of combined I-beams used as load-bearing elements of coatings and floors of low-rise buildings, as well as beams of formwork sets.

Known is a composite metal-wood I-section beam, which includes structural elements - a belt and a wall, connected into a rigid structure using metal pins, while the belts are made of wood, and the wall is made of corrugated steel sheet.

[Patent for utility model of the Russian Federation No. 151745, dated December 23, 2013, IPC E04C 3/12, Bulletin No. 10 dated April 10, 2015].

The disadvantage of this beam is the low bearing capacity and rigidity of the structure, the need for a large number of dowels, ensuring the joint operation of the wall and chords.

Known glue beam I-section, consisting of cobbled wooden belts with curved trapezoidal grooves and a thin wavy plywood wall, the curved prestressed shape of which is obtained by broaching a flat plywood blank along the curved grooves, followed by pressing and gluing.

[Atlas of wooden structures / K.-G. Goetz, D. Hoore, K. Mehler, J. Natterer; Translated from German by N. I. Alexandrova; Ed. V.V. Ermolova. - Moscow: Stroyizdat, 1985; pp. 52-53, Fig. thirty].

A glue beam is designed mainly with a single wall, while the continuity of the plywood strip forming the wall, in continuous production, is achieved by joining plywood sheets, for example, with a mustache.

Disadvantages of the design are expressed in the complexity of the technological process associated with the forced formation of a wavy shape of the plywood wall and its fastening to the belts, the low shear strength of the wall, as well as in the low reliability of adhesive joints due to dangerous tensile forces directed across the wood fibers arising in the belts and the wall when pressing it in. The manufacture of a beam requires the use of complex and expensive technological equipment to install the wall in the design position.

The closest technical solution to the claimed object is a combined beam, including belts of nail material, a transversely corrugated metal wall with teeth on the longitudinal edges, which are pressed into the belts [Pat. USA # 3,538,668 "REINFORCED ARCHITECTURAL SHAPES" Patented Nov. 10.1970 by Howard A. Anderson, 2278 Meadow Road, Ingomar, Pa. 15237 Continuation-in-part of application Ser. No. 518,414, Jan. 3.1966. This application Dec. 1, 1967, Ser. No. 691.101; Int. C1. E04C 2/26; U.S. C1. 52-615]. This invention is taken as a prototype.

In this patent, various building structures are claimed, having on the outside two linear or flat elements of the thin plate type, made of materials having the property of nailing, combined by pressing one or more corrugated metal walls provided for this purpose along the longitudinal edges with sharp triangular teeth, alternately bent in different directions.

The main disadvantages of the design and the method of its manufacture include the complexity and high cost of technological equipment, the pliability of the toothed joint, low reliability and bending stiffness of the structure.

Bent from the vertical, set in different directions and often located teeth, reduce the bearing capacity and reliability of the connection with the wood, since the depth and success of their pressing into linear or flat elements cannot be controlled. There is a high probability that some of the teeth will not enter the wood, and an excessive local pressing force of the rolling mill can lead to a local loss of stability of the thin wall.

In addition, the geometric accuracy of the location of the corrugated wall in relation to the axes of the plates and belts cannot be controlled, which complicates the manufacturing process and affects the quality of the finished product.

Powerful and expensive presses are required to press a large number of teeth at the same time. In this patent, these are feed-through presses.

The essence of the invention is to increase the bearing capacity and reliability of the combined beam while simplifying its manufacture due to the simplicity, accuracy of assembly and high assembly readiness, combining the technological operations of forming the structure in a single technological process using low-power pressing equipment.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the bearing capacity and reliability of the combined beam structure, as well as to optimize the technological process during its manufacture.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known combined beam, including belts of nail material, a transversely corrugated metal wall with teeth on the longitudinal edges pressed into the belts, the peculiarity is that the belts are made with curvilinear or discretely curved longitudinal mutually consistent grooves corresponding to the geometry of the wall, and the teeth are partially or alternately bent, molded, pressed into the cavity of the curved grooves; in this case, the corrugated metal wall is additionally fixed with a compound placed in the curved grooves of the belts.

The transverse corrugation of the wall can be performed in the process of pulling the metal sheet of the wall along the curved grooves of the chords when assembling the beam.

The belts can be made composite, glued and assembled along the section height from lamellas of different widths and thicknesses, while curved grooves are obtained by longitudinal dissolution of the extreme lamellas facing the wall, in accordance with the geometry and wall thickness. In this case, the curved grooves can be made of a T-shaped locking shape, and the teeth of the wall - of a rectangular or triangular shape, are bent at an angle of 90 ° during the press-in process in the groove cavity.

Curvilinear grooves can also be rectangular in shape, allowing a free fit of the wall before pressing in its teeth, or a trapezoidal locking shape, while the teeth partially bent in different directions can have a claw, arcuate shape, the tops of which are located in the median plane of the wall.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

FIG. 1 shows a combined beam in perspective, showing: chord 1, curved groove 2, wall 3, teeth 4, compound 5 in the grooves of chords.

FIG. 2 shows, on an enlarged scale, a fragment of the beam of FIG. 1 at the time of its assembly, which shows: belt 1, curved groove 2, wall 3, teeth 4.

FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of the combined beam of FIG. 1 with a rectangular shape of curved grooves in the manufacturing sequence, where they are shown in the manufacturing process: chord 1, curved groove 2, wall 3, teeth 4, compound 5.

FIG. 3, A - the stage of assembly, in Fig. 3, B - the stage of pressing, and in Fig. 3, C - the final stage of filling curvilinear grooves 2 with compound 5.

FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the combined beam of FIG. 1 with curved grooves of a rectangular shape with a cylindrical bottom in the manufacturing sequence, which shows in the manufacturing process: chord 1, curvilinear groove 2, wall 3, teeth 4 partially alternately set apart in different directions, compound 5.

FIG. 4: A - assembly stage; B - the stage of pressing; C - the final stage of filling curvilinear grooves 2 with compound 5.

FIG. 5 shows a cross-section of a combined beam along

fig. 1 with curvilinear grooves of a trapezoidal locking shape in the manufacturing sequence, which are shown in the manufacturing process: chord 1, curved groove 2, wall 3, teeth 4 partially alternately separated in different directions, compound 5.

FIG. 5: A - assembly stage; B - the stage of pressing; C - the final stage of filling curvilinear grooves 2 with compound 5.

The filling of the curved grooves 2 with the compound 5 begins before the assembly stage, and in FIG. 5, A and 5, B, compound 5 is conventionally not shown.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of the combined beam of FIG. 1 with curvilinear grooves of a trapezoidal locking shape in the manufacturing sequence, which are shown in the manufacturing process: belt 1, curved groove 2, wall 3, teeth 4 of a claw, arcuate shape, partially alternately divorced in different directions, on longitudinal edges, the tops of which lie in the median plane of the wall inserted, molded and pressed into the cavities, walls and bottom of curved grooves 2 filled with compound 5.

FIG. 6: A - assembly stage; B - the stage of pressing; C - the final stage of filling curvilinear grooves 2 with compound 5.

The filling of the curved grooves 2 with the compound 5 begins before the assembly stage, and in Fig. 6, A and B, compound 5 is conventionally not shown.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the combined beam of FIG. 1 with T-shaped curved grooves, where the metal wavy wall 3 is obtained by installing and pressing in or pulling and pressing in a flexible strip, with transversely punched (notched) longitudinal serrated edges, with teeth 4 of a triangular or rectangular shape that are alternately bent in different directions, placed in cavities of T-shaped curved grooves 2 filled with compound 5.

FIG. 7: A - a beam with solid chords 1, equipped with a T-shaped curved grooves 2;

B - a beam with multilayer glued belts 1, made up of lamellas, and curvilinear grooves 2 of T-shaped belts form the extreme widthwise lamellas from the lining: left lining 6 and right lining 7 from the side of wall 3, obtained by longitudinal dissolution (cutting) rectangular blanks into two parts along the line corresponding to the geometric shape of the wall 3, taking into account its thickness, rigidly connected to other lamellas of the belts 1 with glue;

C - the final stage of filling curvilinear grooves 2 with compound 5.

The combined beam consists of chords 1, made mainly of nailed materials, for example, solid or glued wood with mutually matched curved grooves 2, a flexible metal corrugated wall 3, uniting chords and having teeth 4 at the longitudinal edges, all or part of which are alternately bent into different sides inserted or extended along curved grooves 2, pressed into the cavity of curved grooves 2, and with sharp teeth into the walls, bottom and edges of the grooves filled with compound 5. Curved grooves 2 in different combined beams can have different cross-sectional shapes: rectangular, rectangular with a cylindrical bottom, T-shaped and trapezoidal locking form.

As the metal of the corrugated wall 3, thin sheet mild steel with protective anticorrosive coatings or stainless steel with a thickness of 0.6 ... 1.5 mm can be used.

The formation of teeth 4 of any shape can be obtained by punching, punching or cutting a metal strip.

Tooth length 10 ... 20 mm. Their partial and alternating divorce, sharpening of the tops, the shape of the bend are determined by the geometry of the profile and the dimensions of the curved groove 2, as well as the hardness of the material of the belts.

Taking into account the filling of the curved groove 2 with compound 5, the length of the teeth 4 will be minimal, and the depth of the curved groove 2 should be at least 8-10 mm from the conditions of the manufacturing technology, the strength and reliability of the mechanical and adhesive (combined) connection.

Curved grooves 2 in wooden chords 1 can be created by milling or using other more rational technologies, for example, by knurling (embossing) or gluing lamellas of different thicknesses and widths, obtained by curvilinear dissolution of the lamellas into two parts, leaving a gap (gap) between them.

The shape of the cross-section of the curved groove 2 can be rectangular (the most simple), trapezoidal or T-shaped locking.

The geometrical dimensions of the curved groove 2 should ensure free installation, fit or broaching of the serrated edges of the wall 3 before pressing and their contact with the ribs, bottom and walls of the curved groove 2.

The groove curve can be described by a harmonic function, such as a sine, with a constant period.

Another version of the wall geometry is possible, for example, in the form of natural oscillation waves decaying according to the law of exponent with zero amplitude in the middle of the span of a single-span hinged beam, where the greatest bending moments act.

As a compound 5 filling curvilinear grooves 2, it is advisable to use non-shrinking viscous compositions based on epoxy resins with sufficient technological vitality, having good adhesion to dissimilar materials, fast setting, with the addition of a finely dispersed inorganic filler in the form of quartz sand or cement 5.

The assembly and manufacture of the combined beam is carried out on the assembly stand (slipway) using the fixing belts 1 and the wall 3 technological devices, as well as pressing equipment of the through-type.

At the first stage of production using press-fitting, the longitudinal edges of the wall 3 are first freely inserted and precisely fixed in the curved grooves 2 of the chords 1.

At the second stage, the longitudinal edges of the metal wall 3 are pressed into the curved grooves 2 of the chords 1, which does not require the use of high-power presses, since only a part of the teeth 4 are pressed into the wood, providing sufficient technological strength and rigidity to the product. At the final stage of manufacturing, curved grooves 2 are filled with compound 5.

A variant of the manufacture of a beam is possible, in which the curved grooves 2 of the chords 1 are partially filled with compound 5 even before the assembly of the wall 3 with chords 1. This manufacturing procedure is mandatory for the locking shape of the grooves 2 (trapezoidal and T-shaped).

First, the locking curvilinear grooves 2 of the chords 1 are partially filled with compound 5. Then, assembly and pressing is carried out on the slipway, as described above, while the 90 ° bends of the teeth 4 (longitudinal transversely notched edges of the wall 3) are molded directly in the cavity of the T-shaped curved grooves 2.

The manufacture of a combined beam with the formation of a transversely corrugated corrugated wall 3 by pulling a thin metal strip with slightly bent teeth 4 along curved grooves 2 begins with their partial filling with compound 5, which reduces friction forces and facilitates assembly. At the end of the broach, the teeth 4 are pressed into the cavity, ribs, walls and bottom of the curved grooves 2.

Transverse cuts (notches) of the edges of the flexible steel strip reduce bending stiffness, facilitating forced bending of thin sheet metal of wall 3, and initial imperfections in the form of minor versatile bends facilitate the formation of bends of teeth 4 at an angle of 90 ° during the manufacture of the beam during pressing.

In the manufacture of a combined beam with multilayer glued wooden belts 1, the structure, pre-assembled and fixed in the jig, is supplied from the side of the wall with 3 lamellas made of lining: left lining 6 and right lining 7 with curved edges corresponding to the shape of the corrugated wall obtained by longitudinal cutting (dissolution) of the original rectangular blank.

Lamellas: the left lining 6 and the right lining 7, rigidly attached to the belts 1 with glue, for example, using a nail press, form a curved groove 2 of the desired shape. They can also be used to shape the geometry of the transversely corrugated corrugated wall 3 in the process of manufacturing glued belts 1.

Increasing the bearing capacity and reliability of the combined beam structure and optimizing the technological process during its manufacture, in the proposed technical solution, are achieved by creating a combined joint by combining various technological operations in a single process, ensuring controlled assembly conditions, molding, pressing and anchoring the teeth in the grooves of the belts without the involvement of special technological equipment. An increase in the bearing capacity and reliability of the structure of the combined beam is also achieved due to a certain arrangement of the teeth in accordance with the shape of the curved grooves and additional fastening of the wall with a compound, which is filled with the curved grooves of the chords.

Claims (6)

1. Combined I-beam, including belts of nail material, a transversely corrugated metal wall with teeth on the longitudinal edges pressed into the belts, characterized in that the belts are made with curvilinear or discretely curved longitudinal mutually consistent grooves corresponding to the wall geometry, and the teeth are partially or alternately bent, molded, pressed into the cavity of the curved grooves; in this case, the corrugated metal wall is additionally fixed with a compound placed in the curved grooves of the belts. 2. The combined beam according to claim 1, characterized in that the transverse corrugation of the wall is performed in the process of pulling the metal sheet of the wall along the curved grooves of the chords during assembly of the beam. 3. The combined beam according to claim 1, characterized in that the belts are composite, glued, assembled along the section height from lamellas of different widths and thicknesses, while the curved grooves are obtained by longitudinal dissolution of the extreme lamellas facing the wall, in accordance with the geometry and thickness walls. 4. Combined beam according to PP. 1 and 3, characterized in that the curved grooves are made of a T-shaped locking shape, and the teeth of the wall are rectangular or triangular, bent at an angle of 90 ° during pressing in the groove cavity. 5. The combined beam according to claim 1, characterized in that the curved grooves are rectangular in shape, allowing the wall to fit freely before pressing in its teeth. 6. The combined beam according to claim 1, characterized in that the curved grooves are made of a rectangular or trapezoidal locking shape, and the teeth partially bent in different directions have a claw, arcuate shape, the tops of which are located in the median plane of the wall.

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