RU2761644C1 - Method for training wanted dogs of an explosives search kinology service using a universal kinological kit of powder explosive odor imitators - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: cynology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of cynology. The method of training search dogs to search for explosives involves the use of a dog training kit including imitators of the odor of explosives and imitators of a masking or distracting odor. The quantitative ratio of the imitator of explosives to the imitator of the masking or distracting odor is 1:(3-20), respectively, the decrease in the intensity of the odor is provided by a gradual decrease in the amount of the imitator of the odor of explosives to 10-25% of the initial one. Powder imitators of the odor of trotyl, hexogen, pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), tetryl, octogen, plastic explosive substances (ES) based on hexogen, octogen, PETN (type PVV-5A, 15M, etc.), emulsion ES, mixtures of "Sea salt" ES, ballistic powder, pyroxylin powder, powder mixture, TNT-RDX alloys (such as TG-20, TG-40, TG-60), the smell of ammunition, the smell of weapons, the smell of a shot in powder, granular or tablet forms are used as an imitator of explosives.

EFFECT: method provides a unified approach to organizing the training process of search dogs.

4 cl, 15 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of cynology, namely to methods of training search dogs for the detection of explosives, and can be used by various cynological services.

Detective dogs specially trained to search for explosives, plastic, gunpowder, weapons and ammunition are actively used all over the world thanks to the indisputable advantages of the canine service: mobility, the ability to search for possible laying of explosives, mines and ammunition in unequipped premises and field conditions, screening passengers, manual luggage, luggage, vehicles and cargo, as well as the high sensitivity of dogs to the detection of explosives.

The training of a search dog in the canine service is a long, painstaking work that takes more than one year, starting with raising a puppy, teaching him simple commands, selecting according to working qualities and specializing the dog in detecting target objects: explosives (hereinafter referred to as BB).

The main stages of training a service dog are:

- basic training;

- "setting" on the smell of explosives;

- training in order to consolidate, expand the skills of searching for explosives; improvement and complication of the training process for teaching dogs to fail-safe performance of specific tasks to search for explosives in real conditions of the canine service.

"The basic principles of exercises, common to any training: adherence to the rule" from simple to difficult ", the obligatory variety of places for classes and situations; constant alternation of exercises.

Training begins in places that do not have extraneous stimuli, then, as the contact between the dog and the dog handler strengthens, the environment becomes more complex - extraneous distracting stimuli are gradually introduced and the environment in which the training is carried out becomes more complicated. During training, the main reinforcement is a treat, which must be rewarded for every desired action, for every correct step ...

By the end of this course, the dog handler must establish a strong contact with the animal, develop the ability to analyze his actions and behavior (reactions) of the dog, and develop the skills of correct dog management "(ON Erofeeva." Training manual for dog handlers ". Saint Petersburg).

At the end of the basic training course, dogs are selected for further specialization.

The task of the next stage of "setting" the dog to the smell of explosives is to teach the dog, on command, to sniff the aorting objects (aport) odorized by the smell of a specific explosive and to develop signaling behavior.

As a rule, the dog is first specialized in searching for one explosive, gradually developing the skill until it detects 5 or more types of explosives. The main goal of these exercises at stage 1 is to familiarize the dog with the smell of explosives in order for it to establish an associative connection between the shown object (in this case, aport) and its smell.

Subsequent training of a dog "set" to the smell of explosives is aimed at strengthening, expanding the skills of searching for explosives in real conditions of the dog service, and further improving and specializing the dog for solving specific search problems.

"In training sessions, a variety of complications are introduced, directly arising from the real situation of the practical use of dogs." (Sakharov NA "Technique for training service dogs").

Trainings should be carried out in conditions close to the real conditions of the dog service.

The purpose of this final stage of training is to successfully solve the following specific tasks for the search for explosives at specialized facilities: train stations, airports, crowded places, as well as in open areas, indoors, in vehicles, in luggage, mail, cargo, things, etc. man's clothes:

- search complicated by masking or interfering odors;

- search for explosives in quantities significantly different in mass and volume.

For example, there is a known way of specializing a dog in finding and identifying a real explosive hidden in luggage:

Police officers are allowed to work with explosives only after studying the rules for handling them, appropriate instruction before starting work and a receipt in the instruction log (free-form log).

All work with explosives must be carried out in specially designated places and in the absence of unauthorized persons. When working with explosives, particles of these substances should be avoided in the respiratory and digestive organs of both humans and dogs.

During the training (training) of search dogs, the explosives used in this case should be placed in wooden cases or boxes with holes in them, and also placed in places that are not accessible for direct contact with the dog.

At the end of the work, the explosives must be handed over to the person responsible for their storage.

Used bags, suitcases, diplomats and other luggage are selected for classes. The explosive is placed in one object, and so that the desired smell can freely go out and be captured by animals (suitcases, for example, are left ajar).

1. Items of baggage are placed tightly to each other, randomly, and then in a heap;

2. Placed on a dais (on benches, racks, carts, fixed conveyor belts, etc.);

3. Lay out on a moving conveyor belt;

4. Placed at the feet of people scattered in the room or standing in line;

5. Closed in automatic lockers.

The search at this stage is carried out mainly on a leash. Off-leash launches are carried out after the animal has started to work in a stable manner. Initially, for the placement of the BB, such places are selected where the dog could freely approach and perform the signal pose in the immediate vicinity of the BB. Then access to the suitcase or bag with explosives is closed by other luggage. The dog is asked to give a signal after catching the desired smell coming from a pile of luggage and not try to get to its source. The animal is given the opportunity to move freely near the bookmark. It is quite acceptable if, after perceiving the smell, the dog does not immediately take the desired posture, but for some time will move around the heap, trying to find more convenient approaches to the source. The dog handler needs to closely monitor the animal and, at the first signs of a decrease in interest in the desired smell, call a signal pose by giving the command "Sit". All attempts of the dog to act with its paws or teeth in order to get closer to the source of the smell are also suppressed by the "Sit" command. The performance of the signal pose is in any case encouraged verbally, with a treat and stroking. To consolidate the dog's skill of giving a signal near a bookmark located behind an obstacle (in this case, in a heap), after a short pause, the reward procedure is repeated again.

Gradually, you need to ensure that the dog gives a signal at a distance from the dog handler and does not move from the spot until the approach to it.

To this end, the trainer, having noticed the signal, encourages the animal verbally (if necessary, gives the command "Sit"), and then, without haste, approaches, gives a treat and strokes it. This procedure is done first on a leash, and then without it.

In the event that the dog cannot smell the BB, the animal, after a short rest, is offered an easier task (the item with the BB moves closer to the edge of the baggage pile).

If the dog does not actively search, the dog handler should take measures to increase the animal's interest in this work. Sometimes it is enough to recall the smell of the substance you are looking for. Such techniques can also be used, such as taking away the item to be sniffed towards the object being inspected, imitation of hiding explosives in the place of the forthcoming search. ("A textbook for specialists-cynologists of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation." Rostov school of service-search dog breeding; Laboratory for the study of problems of cynology).

There is also a known method for specializing a dog using BB training requisites:

For training dogs in practice, use is made of BB training props, which are a metal body made of galvanized sheet with holes on the side planes. A bag made of tent cloth, filled with dry sand, previously mixed with a powder of TNT, HMX, picric acid or a mixture of propellants, is placed in a metal case.

Hollow aluminum cylinders with holes in the walls are used as props imitating mines and grenades. A cloth soaked in a solution of RDX or TNT is placed in these cylinders, and these items are used to train search dogs. ("Methodical recommendations for odor simulators", "The use of explosives and explosive devices for the training and training of search dogs for special purposes", Rostov-on-Don, 1998).

Thus, in service cynology there are known methods of "setting" on the smell, consolidating the skills and specialization of a dog in searching for explosives, both with the use of real explosives and training requisites - imitators of the explosive smell.

The method of training a service dog using real explosives is associated with a great risk for the dog handler and the dog, who can get injured or even die in the explosion of the explosive insert. In addition, this method can be applied only at specially equipped guarded landfills, it requires special conditions for transportation, accounting, storage and destruction of explosives, strict adherence to safety regulations.

A safer and no less effective method of training a service dog is using odorological simulators (odor simulators) BB (hereinafter referred to as IZVV) according to PATENT No. 2716979, which are completely safe for humans and animals, are convenient to use, provide simplicity and safety of the training process , the usual conditions for storage and disposal of spent WPWS bookmarks.

At the same time, the disadvantages of the described known methods of training, both with the use of real explosives and training requisites of explosives, IZVV, are the lack of a universal training material support and a unified approach to the training cynological process, the need for a dog handler to independently simulate a specific task of training a dog to search for cleverly disguised BB in real conditions - constantly calculate the quantitative filling of the bookmark with the source of the BB odor depending on the type of explosive and the training conditions.

A technical problem is the development of a safe method for training a service dog, which gives the dog handler the ability to quickly simulate specific tasks or conditions for consolidating and improving search skills, specializing the dog to search for any quantities and types of explosives in real conditions of search work.

The technical result consists in providing a unified approach to organizing the training process of search dogs for the search for any quantities and types of explosives, the possibility of operational modeling of conditions for solving specific problems, reducing the labor costs and time of the dog handler for preparing material support, strengthening and improving the search qualities of service dogs by creating real conditions for searching for explosives, as well as ensuring a significant increase in the duration of the search work and the life of the animal.

The developed method provides an effective and safe process of training and education for the search qualities and health of the search dog, using a universal canine set of safe and non-toxic simulators of the explosive odor: TNT, RDX, tetranitropentaerythritol (PETN), tetrile, HMX, plastic explosives based on RDX, HMX. , Heating elements (type PVV-5A, 15M, etc.), emulsion explosives, explosive mixtures "Sea salt", ballistic powder, pyroxylinic powder, powder mixture, TNT-RDX alloys (type TG-20, TG-40, TG -60), the smell of ammunition, the smell of weapons, the smell of a shot.

The use of powder WPIs not only in the form of a powder, but also in granular or compressed into tablets forms, provides convenience in dosing and ease of preparation of the training process. Powder WPIs in the form of granules or tablets have less volatility and are safer to use for humans and animals.

The use of reusable WPI packages is advisable at the first stage of the training process in a canine base, when the influence of extraneous odors on WPI is minimized, while the use of disposable WPI packages is advisable at subsequent stages with the use of an additional source of masking or distracting odor, as well as in real field conditions where it is difficult to ensure the safety of reusable packaging.

The technical problem is solved and the technical result is achieved by the fact that the method of training search dogs of the canine service for the search for explosives provides for the use of a universal dog training set, including simulators of the smell of explosives in reusable and disposable packaging, disposable packaging of a simulator of a masking or distracting odor, while the quantitative ratio of the simulator explosives to a masking or distracting odor simulator is 1: (3 ÷ 20), respectively, a decrease in odor intensity is ensured by a gradual decrease in the amount of an explosive odor simulator to 10 ÷ 25% of the initial one, reusable packages are used at the stage of setting a dog to smell, and disposable - at the stages of consolidating the skills and specialization of the dog, while powder simulators of the smell of TNT, RDX, tetranitropentaerythritol (PETN), tetrile, HMX, plastic explosives based on RDX are used as an explosives simulator on, HMX, heating element (type PVV-5A, 15M, etc.), emulsion explosives, mixtures of explosives "Sea salt", ballistic powder, pyroxylin powder, powder mixture, TNT-RDX alloys (type TG-20, TG- 40, TG-60), the smell of ammunition, the smell of weapons, the smell of a shot in powder, granular or tablet forms, including an inert base, an aromatic additive - an effective amount of an odorological substance that simulates the smell of explosives, gunpowder, weapons and ammunition, and a stabilizing complex.

The universal dog training kit includes reusable packages of (40 ÷ 60) g of simulator of the smell of explosives, disposable packs of (1 ÷ 10) g of simulator of the smell of explosives and disposable packs of (1 ÷ 40) g of simulator of masking or distracting odor, while:

- as an aromatic additive that imitates the smell of TNT, the simulator contains a mixture of TNT, RDX, xylitol, sodium sulfite, impregnated on silica gel, and a stabilizing complex consisting of Aerosil impregnated with toluene, and as an inert base - microcrystalline cellulose;

- as an aromatic additive that imitates the smell of RDX, the simulator contains a mixture of RDX, HMX, wax impregnated on silica gel, and a stabilizing complex consisting of Aerosil impregnated with acetone, and as an inert base - microcrystalline cellulose;

- as an aromatic additive that imitates the smell of tetranitropentaerythritol, the simulator contains a mixture consisting of PETN, TNT, calcium carbonate, wax, impregnated on silica gel, and a stabilizing complex consisting of Aerosil impregnated with acetone, and as an inert base - microcrystalline cellulose;

- as an aromatic additive that simulates the smell of tetrile, the simulator contains a mixture consisting of tetrile, wax, impregnated on silica gel, and a stabilizing complex, consisting of aerosil impregnated with acetone, and as an inert base - microcrystalline cellulose;

- as an aromatic additive simulating the smell of HMX, the simulator contains a mixture of HMX, TNT, wax impregnated on silica gel, and a stabilizing complex consisting of Aerosil impregnated with acetone, and as an inert base - microcrystalline cellulose;

- as an aromatic additive that simulates the smell of plastic explosives based on RDX and HMX, the simulator contains a mixture of RDX, HMX, stearic acid impregnated on silica gel, and a stabilizing complex consisting of Aerosil impregnated with mineral oil, and as an inert base - silica gel;

- as an aromatic additive imitating the smell of a mixture of explosives "Sea salt", the simulator contains a mixture consisting of TNT, RDX, aluminum powder impregnated on silica gel, and a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with camphor, and as an inert base - silica gel ;

- as an aromatic additive that imitates the smell of plastic explosives based on heating elements, the simulator contains a mixture consisting of heating elements, polystyrene impregnated on microcrystalline cellulose, and a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with mineral oil, and silica gel as an inert base;

- as an aromatic additive simulating the smell of ballistic powder, the simulator contains a mixture consisting of ballistic powder, powder graphite, bivalent copper oxide, calcium carbonate impregnated on silica gel, and a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with acetone, and as an inert base - microcrystalline cellulose;

- as an aromatic additive imitating the smell of pyroxylin powder, the simulator contains a mixture consisting of pyroxylin powder, finely ground rosin, powdered graphite, impregnated on silica gel, and a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with camphor, and as an inert cellulose base.

- as an aromatic additive simulating the smell of TNT-RDX alloys (such as TG-20, TG-40, TG-60), the simulator contains a mixture of TNT, RDX, xylitol, sodium sulfite, impregnated on microcrystalline cellulose, and a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with liquid wax, and silica gel as an inert base;

- as an aromatic additive that simulates the smell of ammunition, the simulator contains a mixture consisting of RDX, HMX, iron (III) oxide impregnated on microcrystalline cellulose, and a stabilizing complex consisting of Aerosil impregnated with powder particles of smokeless powder, and as an inert base - silica gel;

- as an aromatic additive simulating the smell of emulsion explosives, the simulator contains a mixture consisting of ammonium nitrate, mineral oil impregnated on silica gel, and a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with gasoline, and silica gel as an inert base;

- as an aromatic additive imitating the smell of a weapon, the simulator contains a mixture of granules of smokeless gun powder and finely ground particles of gun wad impregnated on silica gel and a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with gun oil, and as an inert base - microcrystalline cellulose;

- as an aromatic additive that simulates the smell of a shot, the simulator contains a mixture of a calcined composition of granules of smokeless gunpowder impregnated on silica gel and a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with gun oil, and as an inert base - microcrystalline cellulose.

As an additional source of masking odor, imitators of the smell of substances and materials used by criminals when concealing explosives and possessing a strong aggressive odor are used: industrial goods (for example, pinene, naphthalene, detergents), fuel, fuels and lubricants (POL), oil products (for example, gasoline, kerosene, creosote), food products (for example, spices, onions).

Also, as an additional source of masking odor can be used substances - chemical "markers" of plastic explosives used in the industrial production of these types of explosives in accordance with the "Convention on the marking of plastic explosives for the purpose of their detection" (adopted in Montreal at a diplomatic conference held ICAO February 12 - March 1, 1991 (ratified by the Russian Federation on July 24, 2007).

The essence of the convention: to adopt certain rules for the production of plastic (only of this type of explosive) explosives at the state level, to identify legally produced plastic explosives, it is proposed to use certain chemical "markers" in industrial production: para-mononitrotoluene (p-MNT), ethylene glycol dinitrate ( EGDN), 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-dinitrobutane (DMNB), ortho-mononitrotoluene (o-MNT).

Also, as an additional source of masking odor, other non-explosive auxiliary technological substances used, inter alia, in the industrial production of explosives can be used: phlegmatizers (for example, stearin, ceresin, oxyzin), plasticizers (dioctyl sebacate, transformer oil, dibutyl phthalate), solvents ( methylene chloride, toluene, ethyl acetate), binders (various rubbers).

The purpose of training with the use of chemical markers of explosives and auxiliary technological substances is to train a wanted dog to recognize explosives both with explosives markers and auxiliary technological substances, and without them, to differentiate explosives of domestic, imported, industrial or handicraft production.

As an additional source of a distracting smell, simulators of the smell of food products are used, which distract and switch the attention of a working dog (for example, dairy, fish or meat products, sausages, smoked meats).

EXAMPLE 1: Method for training a service dog to search for TNT.

Material support: Universal dog training kit, including powder TNT, in granular form of composition: aromatic additive (mixture consisting of TNT, RDX, xylitol, sodium sulfite in a ratio of 10.0: 1.0: 1.0: 1.0) , impregnated on silica gel KSKG, a stabilizing complex (aerosil impregnated with toluene) in an amount of 1.0 wt.%, microcrystalline cellulose - the rest; the source of the masking odor is a powder simulator of the smell of fuels and lubricants (industrial oil), in a granular form of the composition: an aromatic additive (industrial oil), in an amount of 1 wt.%, microcrystalline cellulose - the rest.

Packaging form and kit contents:

- reusable packages of powder WPI weighing (40-60) g in a tissue bag placed in an airtight glass jar;

- disposable packages of powder WPI weighing (1 ÷ 10) g, placed in hermetically sealed perforated ceflen bags;

- disposable packages of powder imitator of interfering or distracting odor weighing (1 ÷ 40) g each, placed in hermetically sealed perforated ceflen bags; as well as a plastic container with perforation, gloves, tweezers, chemical disposable tests for the detection and identification of explosives.

Training process:

Stage 1: "setting" the dog to the smell of explosives (TNT) in standard conditions of the canine base (closed room) using an aport-container filled with powder WPI.

- The dog handler, using gloves and tweezers, takes out from glass jars tissue bags with granules of WPI and a blank sample of WPI (only inert base) weighing 60 g and places it in aport containers;

- aport-containers are placed on the training ground in a checkerboard pattern at a distance from each other;

- Initially, the search is carried out by a dog on a leash, the dog is made to, having caught the sought-for smell of explosives, give a signal (signal posture or bark) and not move from its place and does not try to get to the WPI.

- further from the dog they are trying to get it, working without a leash at a distance from the dog handler, and having caught the desired smell, give a signal, do not move from the spot until the dog handler approaches it;

- the signaling behavior of the dog (signaling posture or barking) is encouraged by the dog handler verbally (if necessary, gives the command "Sit"), and then, without haste, approaches, gives a treat and strokes.

- training is carried out before the dog develops a stable signaling behavior for the detection of WPI.

Stage 2: Consolidation and strengthening of the dog's skill in searching for explosives is similar to stage 1, but

- the dog handler fills the aport-container with 10 disposable small packages with granules of WPI, weighing 6 g each, during training gradually reducing the number of disposable packs of WPI in the aport-container from 10 to one, thereby reducing the amount of WPI to 10 mass% of the initial ;

- in parallel or sequentially after consolidating the skill of working with a reduced amount of WPI, the dog handler during training adds a source of masking odor - disposable packages of an industrial oil odor simulator, placing them in an aport-container with WPI or in close proximity to it, while a source of masking odor is added in a ratio of 3: 1 to the amount of WPI (3 packs weighing 6 g each to 1 pack of IZTO weighing 6 g).

Stage 3: Specialization of the dog for the search for the IZVV (TNT) bookmark in real conditions of search work (on vehicles).

The dog handler, using gloves and tweezers, places 2-3 bookmarks - disposable packages of IZVV (TNT) in hermetically sealed perforated ceflen bags (weighing 6 g each), in various parts of the car, for example, in the trunk, spare wheel, space under the rugs and decorative trim; rear fenders and bumper; the space between the seats or backs of the chairs; space under the seat (springs) or fixed to the bottom.

The search for the bookmark is carried out “blindly”, when the location of the bookmark with WPI is unknown to the canine crew (dog handler + dog) conducting the training.

EXAMPLE 2: Method for training a service dog to search for RDX.

Material support: A universal canine kit, including reusable and disposable packages of a hexogen odor simulator, in a granular form of composition: an aromatic additive (a mixture consisting of RDX, HMX, wax in a ratio of 10.0: 0.6: 1.0) impregnated on silica gel, and a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with acetone in an amount of 1 wt.%, microcrystalline cellulose - the rest; disposable packaging of a masking odor source - a powder simulator of the smell of petroleum products (gasoline), in a granular form of the composition: an aromatic additive (gasoline) in an amount of 2 wt%, microcrystalline cellulose - the rest.

Training process:

Stage 1 and 2 are similar to example No. 1, but the decrease in the amount of WPI is carried out up to 25% of the initial amount of WPI (from 6 disposable packages with granules weighing 10 g each to 1 disposable package weighing 10 g + 5 packages weighing 1 g each), and the source masking odor - a powder simulator of the smell of petroleum products (gasoline), in disposable packages is placed in an aport-container with WPI or in the immediate vicinity of it during training, in a ratio of 5: 1 to the amount of WPI (7 packs of 10 g each + 5 packs of 1 g to 5 packs of WPIs weighing 3 g each).

Stage 3: The specialization of the dog to search for the WPIW bookmark in real conditions of search work (in the baggage collection and inspection hall at the airport) is carried out similarly to example No. 1, but the bookmarks (5 disposable packs of WPIWs weighing 3 g each) are placed in the passengers' luggage (suitcases , bags and others).

EXAMPLE 3: Method for training a service dog to search for tetranitropentaerythritol (PETN)

Material support: A universal dog training kit, including reusable and disposable packages of a heating element odor simulator, in a granular form of the composition: an aromatic additive (a mixture consisting of heating elements, TNT, calcium carbonate, wax in a ratio of 10.0: 1.0: 1.0: 1.0), impregnated on silica gel, and a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with acetone in an amount of 1 wt.%, Microcrystalline cellulose - the rest; disposable packaging of a masking odor source - a powder simulator of the odor of an auxiliary substance used in the production of explosives - toluene, in a granular form of composition: an aromatic additive (toluene) in an amount of 2 wt%, microcrystalline cellulose - the rest.

Training process:

Stage 1 and 2 are similar to example No. 1, but the decrease in the amount of WPI is carried out up to 25% of the initial amount (from 6 disposable packages with granules weighing 10 g each to 1 disposable package weighing 10 g + 5 packages weighing 1 g each), and the source of masking odor - a powder simulator of toluene odor, in disposable packages is placed in an aport container with an explosive odor simulator or in the immediate vicinity of it during training, in a ratio of 3: 1 to the amount of WPI (4 packs of 10 g each + 5 packs of 1 g to 1 disposable package of WPI weighing 10 g + 5 packs of WPI weighing 1 g each).

Stage 3: The specialization of the dog to search for the IZVV bookmark in real conditions of search work is carried out similarly to example No. 1, but the bookmarks (15 disposable packages of IZVV weighing 1 g each) are placed in hidden bookmarks in an open area (wasteland), including bookmarks, buried to a depth of 20 cm.

EXAMPLE 4: Method for training a service dog to find tetril

Material support: A universal dog training kit, including reusable and disposable packs of a tetrile odor simulator, in a compressed form, tablets of the following composition: an aromatic additive (a mixture consisting of tetrile, wax in a ratio of 10.0: 1.0), impregnated on silica gel, and stabilizing a complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with acetone in an amount of 1 wt.%, microcrystalline cellulose - the rest; disposable packaging of the source of the masking odor - powder simulator of the smell of fuels and lubricants (creosote), powder of the composition: aromatic additive (creosote) in an amount of 2 wt%, microcrystalline cellulose - the rest.

Training process:

Stage 1 and 2 are similar to example No. 1, but the decrease in the amount of WPI is carried out up to 20% of the initial amount of the explosive simulator (from 10 disposable packages weighing 6 g each to 2 disposable packages weighing 6 g each), and the source of the masking smell is a powder simulator of the smell of fuels and lubricants , in single-use packages, are placed in an aport-container with WPI or in the immediate vicinity of it during training, in a ratio of 10: 1 to the amount of WPI (2 packs of 60 g each for 2 disposable packs of WPI weighing 6 g each).

Stage 3: The dog's specialization in searching for explosives in real conditions of search work (garage) is carried out similarly to example No. 1, but the tabs (2 disposable packages weighing 6 g each) are placed in hidden tabs in the garage.

EXAMPLE 5: Method for training a service dog to search for HMX

Material support: Universal dog training kit, including reusable and disposable packages of HMX odor simulator, powder of composition: aromatic additive (mixture consisting of HMX, TNT, wax in a ratio of 10.0: 1.0: 0.5), impregnated on silica gel; a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with acetone in an amount of 1 wt.%, microcrystalline cellulose - the rest; disposable packages of a masking odor source - a powder simulator of a fuel odor (kerosene), powder of the composition: an aromatic additive (kerosene) in an amount of 2 wt%, microcrystalline cellulose - the rest.

Training process:

Stage 1 and 2 are similar to example No. 1, but the decrease in the amount of WPI is carried out to 10% of the initial amount of the simulator (from 10 packages of 6 g each to 1 package weighing 6 g), and the source of the masking odor is a powder simulator of the fuel odor, in disposable packages placed in an aport container with WPI or in close proximity to it during training, in a ratio of 10: 1 to the amount of WPI (1 package weighing 60 g to 1 package of WPI weighing 6 g)

Stage 3: The specialization of the dog to search for an explosive bookmark in real conditions of search work is carried out similarly to example No. 1, but the bookmarks (2 disposable packages of WPIs weighing 6 g each) are placed in hidden bookmarks at objects located in an open area (wasteland), in including those buried to a depth of 20 cm.

EXAMPLE 6: Method for training a service dog to search for plastic explosives based on RDX and HMX

Material support: Universal dog training kit, including reusable and disposable packages of plastic explosives based on RDX and HMX, powder composition: aromatic additive (a mixture consisting of RDX, HMX, stearic acid in a ratio of 8.9: 0.6: 1.0) , impregnated on silica gel, a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with mineral oil in an amount of 0.25 wt.%, silica gel KSKG - the rest; disposable packaging of the source of masking odor - powder simulator of the smell of a chemical marker - ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN), powder composition: aromatic additive (chemical "marker" flavor) in the amount of 2 wt%, microcrystalline cellulose - the rest.

Training process:

Stage 1 and 2 are similar to example No. 1, but reducing the amount of WPI to 25% of the initial amount of the simulator (from 6 disposable packages weighing 10 g each to 1 disposable package weighing 10 g + 5 packages weighing 1 g each), and the source of the interfering odor is a powder simulator of the smell of ethylene glycol dinitrate in single-use packages is placed in an aport-container with WPI or in the immediate vicinity of it during training, in a ratio of 3: 1 to the amount of WPI (3 packs of 10 g each to 1 disposable pack of WPI weighing 10 g).

Stage 3: Specialization of the dog for searching for explosives in real conditions of search work (in cargo luggage at the airport), is carried out in the same way as in example No. 1, but the tabs (5 disposable packs of WPIs weighing 3 g each) are placed in the cargo terminal of the airport.

EXAMPLE 7: Method for training a service dog to search for a mixture of explosives "Sea Salt".

Material support: Universal dog training kit, including reusable and disposable packages of the "Sea Salt" mixture odor simulator, in granular form, composition: aromatic additive (mixture consisting of TNT, RDX, aluminum powder in a ratio of 4.1: 10.0: 5 , 4), impregnated on silica gel, a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with camphor in an amount of 0.2 wt%, silica gel - the rest; disposable packaging of a masking odor source - a powder simulator of the smell of petroleum products (gasoline), in a granular form of the composition: an aromatic additive (gasoline) in an amount of 2 wt%, microcrystalline cellulose - the rest.

Training process:

Stage 1 and 2 are similar to example No. 1, but the decrease in the amount of WPI is carried out to 10% of the initial amount of WPI (from 10 packages of 6 g each to 1 package weighing 6 g), and the source of the masking odor is a powder simulator of the smell of petroleum products (gasoline), in disposable packages are placed in an aport-container with WPI or in the immediate vicinity of it during training, in a ratio of 20: 1 to the amount of WPI (2 packs of 60 g each to 1 disposable packing of WPI weighing 6 g each).

Stage 3: Specialization of the dog to search for explosives in real conditions of search work (on vehicles), is carried out in the same way as in example No. 1, but the tabs (disposable packaging of WPI weighing 6 g) are placed in hidden places of the tabs in a car.

EXAMPLE 8: Method of training a service dog for finding plastic explosives based on heating elements.

Material support: A universal dog training kit, including reusable and disposable packages of a simulator of plastic explosives based on PETN, in a granular form of composition: an aromatic additive (a mixture consisting of PETN, polystyrene in a ratio of 9.2: 1.0), impregnated on microcrystalline cellulose, a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with mineral oil in an amount of 0.25 wt%, silica gel - the rest; disposable packages of a masking odor source - a powder simulator of the smell of a chemical "marker" of ortho-mononitrotoluene (o-MNT), in compressed form in the form of tablets, composition: aromatic additive (ortho-mononitrotoluene (o-MNT)) in an amount of 2 wt.%, microcrystalline cellulose - the rest.

Training process:

Stage 1 and 2 are similar to example No. 1, but the decrease in the amount of WPI is brought to 10% of the initial amount of WPI (from 10 packs of 6 g each to 1 pack weighing 6 g), and the source of the masking odor is an odor simulator of ortho-mononitrotoluene (o- MNT) in single-use packages, placed in an aport-container with WPI or in the immediate vicinity of it during training, in a ratio of 3: 1 to the amount of WPI (3 packs of 6 g each to 1 disposable pack of WPI weighing 6 g each).

Stage 3: The dog's specialization in searching for explosives in real conditions of search work (warehouse of industrial goods), is carried out similarly to example No. 1, but the tabs (disposable packaging of WPI weighing 6 g) are placed in hidden tabs in the warehouse.

EXAMPLE 9: Method for training a service dog to search for ballistic powder.

Material support: Universal dog training kit, including reusable and disposable packages of ballistic powder odor simulator, powder composition: aromatic additive (mixture consisting of ballistic powder, powder graphite, bivalent copper oxide, calcium carbonate in a ratio of 10.0: 1.0: 1 , 0: 1.0), impregnated on silica gel, a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with acetone in an amount of 1 wt.%, Microcrystalline cellulose - the rest; disposable packaging of the source of the masking odor - powder imitator of the smell of pinene, powder of the composition: aromatic additive (pinene) in the amount of 2 wt%, microcrystalline cellulose - the rest.

Training process:

Stage 1 and 2 are similar to example No. 1, but the decrease in the amount of WPI is carried out up to 20% of the initial amount of the explosive simulator (from 5 packages of 6 g each to 1 package weighing 6 g), and the source of the masking odor is a powder imitator of pinene odor, in disposable packages are placed in an aport-container with WPI or in the immediate vicinity of it during training, in a ratio of 5: 1 to the amount of WPI (1 package weighing 40 g each to 1 single-use packing WPI weighing 6 g and 2 disposable packages of WPI weighing 1 g) ...

Stage 3: Specialization of the dog to search for explosives in real conditions of search work, is carried out similarly to example No. 1, but the tabs (1 single-use package of WPWI weighing 6 g) are placed in hidden tabs on objects located in an open area (forest).

EXAMPLE 10: Method for training a service dog to search for pyroxylin powder.

Material support: A universal dog training kit, including reusable and disposable packages of a pyroxylin powder odor simulator, in compressed form in the form of tablets, composition: an aromatic additive (a mixture consisting of pyroxylin powder, finely ground rosin, powder graphite in a ratio of 10.0: 0.5: 2.0), impregnated on silica gel KSKG, a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with camphor in an amount of 0.2 wt%, microcrystalline cellulose - the rest; disposable packages of a masking odor source - a powder simulator of the smell of food products (citrus fruits), tablets of the composition: aromatic additive (orange flavoring) in an amount of 2 wt.%, microcrystalline cellulose - the rest.

Training process:

Stage 1 and 2 are similar to example No. 1, but the decrease in the amount of WPIs is up to 25% of the initial amount of WPIs (from 6 disposable packages weighing 10 g each to 1 disposable package weighing 10 g + 5 packages weighing 1 g each), and the source of the masking odor - a powder simulator of the smell of citrus fruits in disposable packages, placed in an aport container with WPI or in the immediate vicinity of it during training, in a ratio of 10: 1 to the amount of WPI (3 packs of 50 g each to 15 disposable packs of WPI weighing 1 g each).

Stage 3: The specialization of the dog to search for explosives in real conditions of search work is carried out similarly to example No. 1, but the tabs (15 disposable packs of WPIs weighing 1 g each) are placed in the tabs on the territory of the passenger terminal of the airport.

EXAMPLE 11: Method for training a service dog to search for alloys of TNT with hexogen.

Material support: Universal dog training kit, including reusable and disposable packages of the simulator of the smell of TNT alloys with RDX, powder composition: aromatic additive (a mixture consisting of TNT, RDX, xylitol, sodium sulfite in a ratio of 4.0: 6.0: 1.0 : 1.0), impregnated on microcrystalline cellulose, a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with liquid wax in an amount of 1 wt%, silica gel - the rest; disposable packaging of a source of masking odor - a powder simulator of the smell of fuel (gasoline), powder of the composition of an aromatic additive (gasoline) in an amount of 2 wt. %, microcrystalline cellulose - the rest.

Training process:

Stage 1 and 2 are similar to example No. 1, but the decrease in the amount of WPI is carried out to 20% of the initial amount of the simulator (from 10 packs of 6 g each to 2 packs of WPI weighing 6 g), and the source of the masking odor is a powder simulator of the smell of gasoline, in disposable packages are placed in an aport-container with WPI or in the immediate vicinity of it during training, in a ratio of 10: 1 to the amount of WPI (1 package weighing 60 g to 1 disposable packing of WPI weighing 6 g).

Stage 3: The specialization of the dog to search for explosives in real conditions of search work is carried out similarly to example No. 1, but the tabs (disposable WPI packages weighing 6 g each) are placed in hidden tabs at the objects located in the cargo terminal of the bus station.

EXAMPLE 12: Method for training a service dog to search for ammunition.

Material support: Universal dog training kit, including reusable and disposable packages of ammunition odor simulator, powder composition: aromatic additive (a mixture consisting of RDX, HMX, iron (III) oxide in a ratio of 2.0: 1.0: 1.0), impregnated on microcrystalline cellulose, a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with powder particles of smokeless powder in an amount of 5 wt.%, silica gel - the rest; disposable packaging of a masking odor source - a powder simulator of the smell of fuels and lubricants (synthetic oil), powder of the composition, an aromatic additive (synthetic oil) in an amount of 2 wt. %, microcrystalline cellulose - the rest.

Training process:

Stage 1 and 2 are similar to example No. 1, but the decrease in the amount of WPI is carried out to 20% of the initial amount of the simulator (from 2 packages of 40 g each to 2 packs of WPI weighing 8 g), and the source of the masking smell is a powder simulator of the smell of synthetic oil, in disposable packages are placed in an aport-container with WPI or in close proximity to it during training, in a ratio of 5: 1 to the amount of WPI (2 packs weighing 40 g to 2 disposable packs of WPIs weighing 8 g).

Stage 3: The specialization of the dog to search for an explosive bookmark in real conditions of search work is carried out similarly to example No. 1, but the bookmarks (2 disposable packages of WPIs weighing 8 g) are placed in hidden bookmarks on objects located in an open area (forest), including number, buried to a depth of 20 cm.

EXAMPLE 13: Method for training a service dog to search for emulsion explosives.

Material support: Universal dog training kit, including reusable and disposable packages of emulsion explosives odor simulator, powder composition: aromatic additive (mixture consisting of ammonium nitrate, mineral oil in a ratio of 10.0: 1.0), impregnated on silica gel, stabilizing complex, consisting of aerosil impregnated with gasoline in an amount of 1 wt.%, microcrystalline cellulose - the rest; disposable packages of a source of interfering odor - a powder simulator of the food odor (smoked sausage), powder of the composition, an aromatic additive (food flavoring "Smoked sausage") in the amount of 2 wt%, microcrystalline cellulose - the rest.

Training process:

Stage 1 and 2 are similar to example No. 1, but the decrease in the amount of WPI is carried out to 10% of the initial amount of the simulator (from 10 packs of 6 g each to 1 pack of WPI weighing 6 g), and the source of the interfering odor is a powder simulator of the smell of smoked sausage, in disposable packages are placed in an aport-container with WPI or in the immediate vicinity of it during training, in a ratio of 10: 1 to the amount of WPI (1 package weighing 60 g to 1 disposable packing of WPI weighing 6 g).

Stage 3: Specialization of the dog to search for explosives in real conditions of search work, is carried out similarly to example No. 1, but the tabs (disposable WPI packages weighing 6 g each) are placed in hidden tabs at the objects located in the parking lot of trucks.

EXAMPLE 14: Method for training a service dog to search for a weapon.

Material support: Universal dog training kit, including reusable and disposable packages of simulator of the smell of weapons, granules of the composition: aromatic additive (a mixture of granules of smokeless gunpowder and finely ground particles of gun wad in a ratio of 5.0: 1.0), impregnated on silica gel, stabilizing a complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with gun oil in an amount of 2 wt%, microcrystalline cellulose - the rest; disposable packaging of a masking odor source - a powder simulator of the smell of fuels and lubricants (synthetic oil), powder of the composition, an aromatic additive (synthetic oil) in an amount of 2 wt. %, microcrystalline cellulose - the rest.

Training process:

Stage 1 and 2 are similar to example No. 1, but the reduction in the amount of WPI is carried out up to 20% of the initial amount of the simulator (from 2 packages of 40 g each to 4 packs of WPI weighing 4 g), and the source of the masking smell is a powder simulator of the smell of synthetic oil, in disposable packages are placed in an aport-container with WPI or in the immediate vicinity of it during training, in a ratio of 10: 1 to the amount of WPI (1 package weighing 40 g to 1 disposable packing of WPI weighing 4 g).

Stage 3: Specialization of the dog to search for explosives in real conditions of search work, is carried out in the same way as in example No. 1, but the inserts (disposable WPI packages weighing 4 g each) are placed in hidden tabs at the objects located at the landfill.

EXAMPLE 15: Method for training a service dog to detect the smell of a shot.

Material support: Universal dog training kit, including reusable and disposable packages of a shot smell simulator, powder of the composition: aromatic additive (a mixture of a calcined composition of granules of smokeless gunpowder and finely ground particles of rifle wad in a ratio of 5.0: 1.0), impregnated on silica gel a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with gun oil in an amount of 2 wt%, microcrystalline cellulose - the rest; disposable packaging of a source of masking odor - a powder simulator of the smell of fuels and lubricants (creosote), powder of the composition, an aromatic additive (creosote) in an amount of 2 wt%, microcrystalline cellulose - the rest.

Training process:

Stage 1 and 2 are similar to example No. 1, but the reduction in the amount of WPI is carried out up to 25% of the initial amount of the simulator (from 4 packs of 10 g each to 1 pack of WPI weighing 10 g), and the source of the masking odor is a powder simulator of the creosote odor, in disposable packages are placed in an aport-container with WPI or in the immediate vicinity of it during training, in a ratio of 3: 1 to the amount of WPI (3 packs weighing 6 g to 1 disposable packing of WPI weighing 6 g).

Stage 3: The specialization of the dog to search for explosives in real conditions of search work is carried out similarly to example No. 1, but the tabs (disposable WPI packages weighing 6 g each) are placed in hidden tabs at the facilities located in the waiting room for Russian Railways passengers.

The method of training a service dog to search for explosives was used by the calculations (dog handler + dog) of the canine service of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, the operational customs of the Federal Customs Service, the institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service, the Ministry of Emergencies of the Russian Federation, which included search dogs of various breeds: shepherds, labradors, spaniels, dachshunds and others.

Training and training of service dogs was carried out in three stages:

Stage 1 and 2 - in standard conditions of the canine base (closed training room); Stage 3 of the training was carried out in real conditions of search work - in the arrival halls of passengers, the cargo terminal of the airport, as well as the receipt and inspection of baggage at the Pulkovo international airport, the railway station waiting room for Russian Railways passengers, parking lots of freight and light vehicles at the customs post, in an open area training sites of the training center of the Federal Penitentiary Service Administration, cynological kits were used in the training process at an ambient temperature of -25 ° C to + 30 ° C, relative air humidity up to 80%.

Cynological calculations of the developed types of equipment were tested by cynological calculations of the operational customs, the training center of the Federal Penitentiary Service, canine centers and services of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and the canine service of the FCS using service dogs of different ages (from 3 to 7 years), experience of search work and the length of the canine service ( from 2 to 9 years old), the test results confirmed the effectiveness of the developed method of training a service dog to search for explosives. (The data of the dog handlers, the nicknames of the dogs that took part in the tests are classified information and are not provided).

Claims (19)

1. A method of training search dogs of a canine service for the search for explosives, characterized in that it includes the use of a canine kit containing reusable and disposable packages of a simulator of the smell of explosives, and disposable packages with simulators of a masking or distracting smell, the quantitative ratio of the simulator of the smell of explosives to the masking or distracting odor simulator is 1: (3-20), respectively, while during training, when setting on a specific odor, the odor intensity of the explosives odor simulator is reduced by gradually reducing the amount of the explosives odor simulator to 10-25% of the initial value; reusable packages are used when training dogs at the stage of setting the dog to smell, and disposable - at the stage of consolidating the skills and specialization of the dog, while the simulator of the smell of explosives contains the simulant of the smell of TNT or RDX, or tetranitropentaerythritol or tetrile or HMX or plastic explosives based on RDX , HMX, tetranitropentaerythritol or emulsion explosives or alloys of TNT with hexogen or a mixture of explosives "Sea salt" or ballistic powder or pyroxylin powder or powder mixture or the smell of ammunition or the smell of weapons or the smell of a shot in powder, granular or inert form, and base and stabilizing complex. 2. A method of training search dogs for a canine service to search for explosives according to claim 1, characterized in that the dog kit includes reusable packages in the form of odorologically inert cotton bags containing 40 ÷ 60 g of simulant of the smell of explosives, disposable packages in the form of odorologically inert perforated ceflen bags - 1 ÷ 10 g of a simulator of the smell of explosives and disposable packages in the form of perforated ceflen bags - 1 ÷ 40 g of a masking or distracting odor simulator. 3. A method of training search dogs of the canine service for the search for explosives according to claim 1, characterized in that - as an aromatic additive that imitates the smell of TNT, the simulator contains a mixture of TNT, RDX, xylitol, sodium sulfite, impregnated on silica gel, and a stabilizing complex consisting of Aerosil impregnated with toluene, and as an inert base - microcrystalline cellulose; - as an aromatic additive that imitates the smell of RDX, the simulator contains a mixture of RDX, HMX, wax impregnated on silica gel, and a stabilizing complex consisting of Aerosil impregnated with acetone, and as an inert base - microcrystalline cellulose; - as an aromatic additive that simulates the smell of tetranitropentaerythritol, the simulator contains a mixture consisting of tetranitropentaerythritol, TNT, calcium carbonate, wax impregnated on silica gel, and a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with acetone, and as an inert base - microcrystalline cellulose; - as an aromatic additive that simulates the smell of tetrile, the simulator contains a mixture consisting of tetrile, wax, impregnated on silica gel, and a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with acetone, and as an inert base - microcrystalline cellulose; - as an aromatic additive simulating the smell of HMX, the simulator contains a mixture of HMX, TNT, wax impregnated on silica gel, and a stabilizing complex consisting of Aerosil impregnated with acetone, and as an inert base - microcrystalline cellulose; - as an aromatic additive simulating the smell of plastic explosives based on RDX, HMX, the simulator contains a mixture of RDX, HMX, stearic acid impregnated on silica gel, and a stabilizing complex consisting of Aerosil impregnated with mineral oil, and as inert bases - silica gel; - as an aromatic additive that simulates the smell of a mixture of explosives "Sea salt", the simulator contains a mixture of TNT, RDX, aluminum powder, impregnated on silica gel, and a stabilizing complex, consisting of Aerosil impregnated with camphor, and as an inert base - silica gel; - as an aromatic additive simulating the smell of plastic explosives based on tetranitropentaerythritol, the simulant of the smell of explosives contains a mixture consisting of tetranitropentaerythritol, polystyrene, impregnated on microcrystalline cellulose, and a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with an inert mineral oil, and - silica gel; - as an aromatic additive simulating the smell of ballistic powder, the simulator contains a mixture consisting of ballistic powder, powder graphite, bivalent copper oxide, calcium carbonate impregnated on silica gel, and a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with acetone, and as an inert base - microcrystalline cellulose; - as an aromatic additive that imitates the smell of pyroxylin powder, the simulator contains a mixture consisting of pyroxylin powder, finely ground rosin, powdered graphite, impregnated on silica gel, and a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with camphor, and as an inert cellulose base. - as an aromatic additive that imitates the smell of alloys of TNT with RDX, the simulator contains a mixture of TNT, RDX, xylitol, sodium sulfite, impregnated on microcrystalline cellulose, and a stabilizing complex, consisting of Aerosil impregnated with liquid wax, and as an inert base - silica gel; - as an aromatic additive that simulates the smell of emulsion explosives, the simulator contains a mixture consisting of ammonium nitrate, mineral oil impregnated on silica gel, and a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with gasoline, and silica gel as an inert base; - as an aromatic additive that simulates the smell of ammunition, the simulator contains a mixture consisting of RDX, HMX, iron (III) oxide impregnated on microcrystalline cellulose, and a stabilizing complex consisting of Aerosil impregnated with powder particles of smokeless powder, and as an inert base - silica gel; - as an aromatic additive that imitates the smell of a weapon, the simulator contains a mixture of granules of smokeless gun powder and finely ground particles of gun wad, impregnated on silica gel, and a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with gun oil, and as an inert base - microcrystalline cellulose; - as an aromatic additive simulating the smell of a shot, the simulator contains a mixture of a calcined composition of granules of smokeless gunpowder impregnated on silica gel and a stabilizing complex consisting of aerosil impregnated with gun oil, and as an inert base - microcrystalline cellulose. 4. A method of training search dogs of a canine service for the search for explosives according to claim 1, characterized in that powder imitators of the smell of industrial goods, fuel, fuels and lubricants, oil products, food products used by criminal elements are used as an additional source of masking odor. concealment of explosives, chemicals - markers of plastic explosives or related technological substances used in the industrial production of explosives, in powder, granular or tablet form, and powder simulants of the smell of food products used for distraction and switching are used as an additional source of distracting odor attention of a service dog in powder, granular or tablet form.