RU2760741C1 - Method for complex processing of slaughterhouse waste into protein-peptide concentrate and bone meal - feed additives - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture. A method for the complex processing of slaughterhouse waste into a protein-peptide concentrate and bone meal - feed additives are characterized by the fact that they roughly grind the slaughterhouse waste with a moisture content of at least 50%, which is used as inedible remains of carcasses, skins, bones and entrails of farm animals, birds, etc. fish, to a size of solid pieces of no more than 20 mm, then finely grind to a size of solid particles of no more than 3 mm, fine grinding is homogenized by stirring and heating in the temperature range from 60 to 90°С, the heated mass is fermented in the temperature range from 50 to 90°C with enzymes containing proteases that break down proteins and lipases that break down fats, the fermented mass is separated into a liquid fraction - an aqueous solution of a protein product with fatty acids and a solid fraction - bone meal.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to obtain a rich complex of amino acids and fatty acids in the resulting protein product and to ensure the digestibility of the protein product from 75% to 90%.

1 cl, 2 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to methods for processing animal raw materials, in particular, to methods for processing slaughterhouse waste, including unsuitable for use remains of carcasses, skins, bones and entrails of farm animals, birds and fish into protein concentrate and bone meal.

The inventive method can be used in poultry farms, in livestock and fish farms to obtain important feed additives - an easily digestible protein-peptide concentrate and bone meal. At the same time, environmental problems in the farms are being addressed when disposing of slaughterhouse waste. Slaughterhouse waste is rich in proteins, fats and minerals, but without proper processing, they cannot be feed additives.

Various methods of processing slaughterhouse waste are known in the art, including the processing of fish and poultry offal.

A known method of processing slaughterhouse waste into protein feed, see patent SU 818588 A1, publ. 04/07/1981, in which slaughterhouse waste is crushed to a particle size of soft tissue 0.05-0.25 mm and hard tissue - up to 1-1.5 mm with simultaneous sterilization with live steam under a pressure of 2.5 atm, after which the resulting fat and protein the emulsion is diluted with dairy waste containing proteins in a ratio of 1: 0.3 - 1: 1.5 on dry matter, the mixture is homogenized and normalized in terms of fat content, then centrifuged, condensed and pasteurized, and the temperature of the mixture is maintained throughout the cycle of its processing not lower than 60-70 ° C. The disadvantages of this method are its high energy consumption, limited use due to the need to dilute raw materials with dairy waste, as well as the destruction of some of the amino acids of the protein product under the influence of superheated steam, which affects the quality and assimilation of the resulting feed product.

A known method of obtaining a feed additive for animals, birds and fish from fish waste, see patent RU 2611183 C1, publ. 02/21/2017, in which raw fish and / or fish waste is crushed to obtain minced meat, then the minced fish is mixed with dry brewer's or alcoholic yeast in a ratio of 1: 1 - 1: 2 and the mixture is fermented for 8-12 s at a temperature of 125 -135 ° C and a pressure of 12-15 MPa. The steam formed during the fermentation of the mixture is removed. Then the product is cooled to 35 ° C, crushed to the required consistency and packaged. In this method, yeast acts not only as an enzyme, but also as a fat and moisture stabilizer. Despite the high digestibility of the resulting feed additive due to the rupture of microparticles of the mass with a drop in pressure at the exit from the extruder, the high fermentation temperature leads to the destruction of some of the useful amino acids, (see, for example, S.P. Korochanskaya, P.G. Storozhuk, I. .M. Teaching manual on biological chemistry. - Krasnodar: 2015, p. 12), which negatively affects the quality and complexity of the protein product. A significant disadvantage of this method is the high consumption of the enzyme (yeast), comparable to the volume of processed raw materials, which can cause the toxic effect of the feed additive.

The known method of enzymatic hydrolysis of waste gutting poultry, see patent RU 2651590 C1, publ. 04/23/2018, where poultry gutting waste is preliminarily subjected to high-temperature processing at a temperature of 150-200 ° C with simultaneous grinding for 60-120 s, and then sent to a fermenter for enzymatic hydrolysis at 55 ° C with constant stirring at a speed of 20-25 rpm for 12-24 hours, where the consortium of microorganisms Bacillus endophyticus 2102, Bacillus safensis sp., Bacillus pumilus SAFR032, Bacillus licheniformis, Streptomyces parvus sp. in equal parts. The resulting mass is pasteurized for 10-30 minutes at a temperature of 75-95 ° C and sent for cleaning to a refiner and / or decanter, and then to a separator for degreasing. The technical result is a high protein content (on average at 86% of the dry matter weight) and a low fat content (on average 0.75% in dry matter) in the resulting feed additive. At the same time, this method has a limited scope only for processing poultry evisceration waste. High-temperature processing and a long-term fermentation process of 12 hours are also significant disadvantages of the method.

The closest analogue to the claimed method is a method for producing a protein supplement from raw materials of animal origin, see patent RU 2390252 C1, publ. 05/27/2010. The method involves grinding raw materials, preparing a suspension, hydrolysis of proteins with a proteolytic enzyme, pasteurization and deactivation of enzymes of microbial origin, purification of a liquid protein fraction and drying. The suspension is prepared by mixing the raw material with water in a ratio of 1.0: 1.5 - 1.0: 2.5. Hydrolysis is carried out with a multi-enzyme composition of proteolytic enzymes of microbial origin, in particular those produced by B. lichimformis, at a concentration of 0.15-0.25% in relation to the mass of raw materials at a temperature of 53-57 ° C for 1.5-2.5 hours. Concentration is carried out under vacuum to a dry matter content of 20-40%. The invention provides for the production of a protein supplement containing 87% protein on average, with improved organoleptic and functional properties. The main disadvantage of the prototype is the lack of instructions on the quality of grinding raw materials, as well as high water consumption to obtain a protein feed product. In the technical solution proposed below, the addition of water is not required, since the slaughterhouse waste in the bulk is characterized by a high moisture content of 50% or more.

The objective of the invention is the universal, fast, cheap, environmentally friendly and completely safe processing of slaughterhouse waste using commercially available equipment into an easily digestible protein product and bone meal, which are used as a useful feed additive.

The technical result of the invention consists in eliminating water consumption compared to the prototype when obtaining a rich complex of amino acids and fatty acids in the resulting protein product and ensuring its digestibility from 75% to 90% with environmentally friendly and low-cost processing of raw materials with an initial moisture content of at least 50% ...

The technical solution to the problem and the technical result is ensured by using the operation of coarse grinding of slaughterhouse waste with a moisture content of at least 50% to a size of solid pieces of no more than 20 mm, further fine grinding of the raw material to a solid particle size of no more than 3 mm, homogenization of fine grinding by means of it stirring and heating in the temperature range from 60 to 90 ° C and subsequent fermentation in the temperature range from 50 to 90 ° C of the heated mass with enzymes containing protease digesting proteins and lipase digesting fats, separation of the fermented mass into liquid and solid fractions. In this case, the sterilization of raw materials is carried out at the stage of homogenization. The liquid fraction is an aqueous solution of an amino acid (protein-peptide) complex containing fatty acids, a solid insoluble residue is bone meal, which is a source of organic calcium.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the slaughterhouse waste with a moisture content of at least 50% is roughly crushed, in the capacity of which the inedible remains of carcasses, skins, bones and entrails of farm animals, birds and fish are used to the size of solid pieces of no more than 20 mm, then finely crushed to a solid particle size of no more than 3 mm, fine grinding is homogenized by stirring and heating in the temperature range from 60 to 90 ° C, the heated mass is fermented in the temperature range from 50 to 90 ° C with enzymes containing protease cleaving proteins and lipase digesting fats, fermented the mass is separated into a liquid fraction - an aqueous solution of a protein product with fatty acids and a solid fraction - bone meal. A block diagram of the proposed method is shown in Fig. 1 in the Appendix.

In an experimental example of the practical implementation of the proposed method, 100 kg of beef trimmings and offal with a moisture content of at least 50% were used as a raw material, which were initially crushed within 5 minutes to a maximum size of hard pieces (bone fragments) of 20 mm using a G7 crusher -FIR-2 "with a capacity of 2 t / h. The resulting minced meat was fed through the TSh-3600 screw conveyor into the hopper for preparing the paste "G7-PP-1M" with a capacity of 6 t / h, where using knives and grates the minced meat was crushed in 5 minutes into a pasty state with bone fragments no more than 3 mm. The resulting paste was fed by a 200GN pump into an RDN-2 disperser with a capacity of 3 m ³ / h, where the homogenization process was carried out for 30 minutes at a temperature of 60 to 90 ° C, then the resulting mass was loaded into a fermentation tank “CCT- 0.6 "with a volume of 600 l with the addition of 0.067 kg of the enzyme" Protosubtilin "(1: 1500) and 0.1 kg of the enzyme" Steapsin "(1: 1000). Fermentation took place for 125 minutes at a mass temperature of 50 to 90 ° C, after which the fermented mass was subjected to separation in a BR-145 centrifuge into liquid and solid fractions for 15 minutes. The liquid fraction was subsequently dried in a drying chamber by spraying and heating it. As a result, 50 kg of dry protein feed product with 10% moisture content was obtained with its assimilation by animals from 75 to 90% (depending on the quality of raw materials, in this example the digestibility was 87%) and 5 kg of bone meal. Thus, the entire technological process according to the claimed method is waste-free, environmentally friendly, does not require special permits and working conditions, which fully corresponds to the claimed technical result. In this case, the process of obtaining a protein product (protein-peptide concentrate) and bone meal from 100 kg of raw materials according to the claimed method in a specific example took 3 hours at an actual cost of 9 kW * h of electricity. The described embodiment is illustrated in FIG. 2 in the Appendix.

Claims (1)

A method for the complex processing of slaughterhouse waste into a protein-peptide concentrate and bone meal - feed additives, characterized by the fact that they roughly grind the slaughterhouse waste with a moisture content of at least 50%, which are used as inedible remains of carcasses, skins, bones and entrails of farm animals, birds and fish, to the size of solid pieces of no more than 20 mm, then finely grind to a solid particle size of no more than 3 mm, fine grinding is homogenized by stirring and heating in the temperature range from 60 to 90 ° C, the heated mass is fermented in the temperature range from 50 to 90 ° C with enzymes containing proteases that break down proteins and lipases that break down fats, the fermented mass is separated into a liquid fraction - an aqueous solution of a protein product with fatty acids and a solid fraction - bone meal.

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