RU2760450C1 - Method for development of a thick gently sloping bed of mineral deposit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to mining and can be used in the underground mining of thick shallow strata of minerals. The method for the development of a thick flat bed of a mineral includes dividing the bed into panels, and within the panel into two layers parallel to the planes of bedding of rocks, preparation of layers for mining by conducting preparatory workings, sequential mining of layers in descending order with longwalls when mining the upper face towards the boundary panels, and the lower lava in the opposite direction. Preparatory workings - ventilation and haulage drifts are used when working out the upper and lower layers and are carried out at the corresponding end sections of the longwall at a distance that is not less than the width of the protective zone and the height from the soil of the lower layer to the soil of the upper layer. The ventilation and haulage drifts are passed by a roadheader in the process of mining the upper face with synchronized movements of the miners and longwall. Above them, protective rubble overlaps are created, which are formed by sweeping the rock, which is obtained during the development of development workings with rotary throwing installations, which are equipped with roadheaders. Preparatory workings are preliminarily fastened with frames made of a special interchangeable profile (SIP) with continuous tightening of the frames with polymer mesh and polyethylene film.

EFFECT: increasing the efficiency of mining by reducing the number of development workings due to their reuse during the development of both layers and increasing the recoverability of the mineral by maintaining the same length of longwalls on both layers.

1 cl, 8 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mining and can be used in the underground mining of thick shallow strata of minerals.

A known method of developing a thick layer of minerals with division into inclined layers (BF Bratchenko, MI Ustinov, LN Gapanovich. Methods of opening, preparation and development of mine fields. - M .: Nedra, 1985. p. . 175), including the division of the mineral layer into excavation areas (panels), and within the panels into two layers, parallel to the planes of bedding rocks and mined in descending order. Preparation of layers of minerals for mining is carried out by carrying out preparatory workings, mining of pillars of minerals is carried out with longwalls backward from the boundaries of the excavation areas to the main preparatory workings.

The disadvantages of this method are significant volumes of mining operations.

There is a known method for the development of a thick shallow layer (Normative and methodological documents for the conduct of mining operations at the Starobinskoye deposit of potash salts. - Slutsk printing house, 1995, pp. 129-134), including dividing the layer into two layers parallel to the planes of bedding rocks and worked out in descending order , preparation of pillars of a useful mineral for mining by conducting preparatory workings, working out pillars of a useful mineral with longwalls in reverse from the boundaries of excavation areas to the main development workings.

The disadvantage of this method is also a large amount of tunneling work.

There is a known method of working out contiguous shallow seams (patent RU 2039261 C1, 09/07/1995), including the development of a suite of two shallow seams, preparation of mineral pillars for development by conducting preparatory workings, the development of seams is carried out simultaneously with the advance of the upper longwall by an amount equal to double the distance interlayers, with direct-flow ventilation on each layer and with preservation of ventilation workings.

The disadvantage of this method is the need to synchronize the simultaneous operation in two faces on adjacent layers, loss of reserves in inter-panel pillars and a large specific volume of preparatory work.

There is a known method of layered excavation of potash seams (Instructions for the use of development systems at the Starobinskoye field. Soligorsk, 2010, pp. 61-63) with a large (over 400 m) ahead of treatment work in layers and the location of panel workings in an unworked massif, including simultaneous work of longwalls, as well as the use of common panel workings for the upper and lower longwalls.

This method provides for preliminary driving of development workings.

The disadvantages of this method are large losses of stocks in inter-panel pillars and a large specific volume of preparatory work. In addition, leaving wide pillars contributes to the formation of dangerous hovering of rocks, which has a dynamic effect on the lower lava.

There is a known method for the development of a thick shallow layer of minerals (Method for the development of a thick potash layer at great depths BY 8196, 06/30/2006), taken as a prototype, including dividing the layer into panels, and within the panel into two layers parallel to the planes of bedding of rocks, preparation of layers to mining by carrying out preparatory workings, sequential mining of layers in descending order with longwalls during mining with the upper face towards the border of the panel, and with the lower face in the opposite direction.

The disadvantages are a large amount of tunneling work, for each longwall, its own preparatory workings pass along the upper and lower layers and an increase in mineral losses due to a reduction in the length of the lower longwall.

The technical result is to increase the efficiency of mining by reducing the number of development workings due to their reuse during the development of both layers and increasing the recoverability of the mineral by maintaining the same length of longwalls on both layers.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that the ventilation and haulage drifts are used in the development of the upper and lower layers and are carried out at the corresponding end sections of the longwall at a distance that is not less than the width of the protective zone and the height from the soil of the lower layer to the soil of the upper layer, ventilation and haulage drifts pass by a roadheader in the process of working out the upper face with synchronized movements of the combines and longwall, while above them they create protective rubble overlaps, which are formed by sweeping the rock, which is obtained during the excavation of preparatory workings with rotary throwing units, which are equipped with the roadheaders, after preliminarily securing the workings with frames from a special interchangeable profile (SVP) with continuous tightening of frames with polymer mesh and polyethylene film.

The method is illustrated by the following drawings:

fig. 1 - panel diagram, top view;

fig. 2 - panel diagram, side view;

fig. 3 - junction point of the heading face and longwall;

fig. 4 - interface between the heading face and longwall;

fig. 5 is a diagram of dividing the panel into layers;

fig. 6 is a continuous tightening diagram;

fig. 7 - the distribution of vertical stresses in the rock mass when using the proposed method, a three-dimensional model with a cut;

fig. 8 - the distribution of vertical stresses in the rock mass when using the proposed method, the vertical section of the model is parallel to the longwall, where:

1 - top layer;

2 - bottom layer;

3 - ventilation drift;

4 - haulage drift;

5 - lava on the upper layer;

6 - lava along the bottom layer;

7 - roadheader;

8 - protective rubble floor;

9 - polymer mesh;

10 - rotary throwing unit;

11 - SVP for securing mine workings;

12 - polyethylene film;

13 - the height of the development workings;

14 - the width of the protective zone of the development workings.

The method of developing a thick flat bed of minerals is carried out as follows. The seam is divided by mine workings into panels, which are divided into two layers: the upper layer 1 (Fig. 2) and the lower layer 2, parallel to the bedding planes of the rocks. The preparation of the layers for mining is carried out by carrying out the preparatory workings of the ventilation drift 3 and the haul road 4 (Fig. 1). Then the layers are sequentially mined by working faces in descending order, when the upper layer 1 is worked out with longwall along the upper layer 5 towards the border of the panel, in the same direction with the axes of driving the development workings, and when the lower layer 2 is worked out with longwall along the lower layer 6 - in the opposite direction.

Preparatory workings, ventilation drift 3 and haulage drift 4 are used in the development of the upper layer 1 (Fig. 2) and the lower layer 2. Workings are carried out at the corresponding end sections of the longwall along the upper layer 5 at a distance not less than the width of the protective zone of the development workings 14. Preparatory workings are carried out to the height of the development workings 13 from the soil of the lower layer 2 to the soil of the upper layer 1.

The ventilation drift 3 and the haulage drift 4 (Fig. 1) are passed by the corresponding tunneling machine 7 in the process of longwall mining along the upper layer 5 of the upper layer 1 (Fig. 2) with synchronized movements of the roadheaders 7 in the ventilation drift 3 and the haulage drift 4 (Fig. 1) and lava on the upper layer 5. At the same time, protective rubble floors 8 are created above the ventilation drift 3 and the haul road 4 (Fig. 3).

Protective rubble ceilings 8 (Fig. 3) provide a complete overlap of the roof of the preparatory drifts, and are formed by sweeping the rock obtained when driving the ventilation drift 3 and haulage drift 4 (Fig. 1) with rotary throwers 10 (Fig. 4), which are equipped with the tunneling harvesters 7. Preparatory workings are fastened with frames made of SVP, 11, for fastening mine workings, with continuous tightening (overlapping) of the frames at the beginning with a polymer mesh 9, and then overlapping the fastening frames from the SVP 11 profile with plastic film 12 over the polymer mesh the flooded rock from the protective rubble floors 8 into the preparatory workings (Fig. 6).

After the top layer 2 has been completely worked out (Fig. 2), the roadheaders 7 and the propelling units 10 are removed, on the lower layer 2 a new longwall is mounted along the lower layer 6, using, for example: a telescopic conveyor with a reloader, a power train, a combine harvester of the SL-300/400 type , bottom-hole support with hydraulic props of double expansion in the range of 1.25 - 2.3 m) in the longwall along the upper layer 5 and mining the lower layer 2 using ventilation drift 3 and haulage drift 4 and extinguishing them behind the longwall along the lower layer 6 (Fig. 1) ... Thus, the reserves of the upper layer 1 of the lower layer 2 of the panel are completely extracted (Figs. 1, 2) .

The method is illustrated by the following example. This method can be implemented with layer mining of the Third potash horizon of the Starobinskoye potash salt deposit, which contains about 85% of the deposit's reserves. One of the main problems in its development is the problem of maintaining the layered development workings at great depths (about 800 m).

We propose the use of only two instead of four layered development workings: ventilation drift 3 and haul road 4, for the development of the upper layer 1 and the lower layer 2 of the Third potash horizon.

The possibility of implementing the proposed method is confirmed by the results of numerical studies by the finite element method using a three-dimensional model of a rock mass. The distribution of stresses indicates the possibility of maintaining workings in the zone of the bearing pressure of the face of the upper layer. Figures 7 and 8 show the research results for a depth of 800 m and a face length of 200 m. development workings 14 from the edge parts of the upper layer 1, the effect of increased stresses on the development workings: ventilation drift 3 and haulage drift 4 is excluded. In addition, the presence of a protective rubble overlap 8, overlapping the roof of the mine from the side of the worked-out space, excludes the influence of the roof rocks collapsed during the development of the upper layer 1 with lava on the upper layer 5 of the roof on the condition of the development workings - ventilation drift 3 and haulage drift 4. A zone is formed above the development workings reduced voltages (Fig. 7, 8).

Thus, the proposed method increases the efficiency of mining by reducing the number of development workings due to their reuse in the development of both layers and increasing the recovery of minerals by maintaining the same length of longwalls on both upper and lower layers.

Claims (1)

A method for the development of a thick flat bed of a mineral, including dividing the bed into panels, and within the panel into two layers parallel to the planes of bedding of rocks, preparing the layers for mining by carrying out preparatory workings, sequential mining of layers in descending order with longwalls when mining the upper longwall in the direction of the border of the panel, and with the lower face in the opposite direction, characterized in that the preparatory workings - ventilation and haulage drifts are used when working out the upper and lower layers, preparatory workings are carried out at the corresponding end sections of the longwall at a distance that is not less than the width of the protective zone and the height from the soil from the lower layer to the soil of the upper layer, the ventilation and haulage drifts are passed by a roadheader in the process of mining the upper longwall with synchronized movements of combines and longwall, while protective rubble floors are created above them, which are formed by sweeping rocks s, which is obtained when driving the development workings with rotary throwing machines, which are equipped with roadheaders, preliminarily fixing the development workings with frames made of a special interchangeable profile (SVP) with continuous tightening of the frames with polymer mesh and polyethylene film.

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