RU2759400C1 - Method for installing pallets to protect railway tracks from oil spills and other contaminants and the pallets as such - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: rail track protection.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to the protection of railway tracks, in particular to pallets for protecting railway tracks from spills of petroleum products, as well as to the methods for their installation. The pallet is made in the form of a polymer panel with a complex surface with slopes. Stiffeners and support elements are provided on the lower plane of the pallet. The middle pallet is placed between the rails. Side pallets are on the outside of the rails. Hermetic connection with the rails, as well as the fastening of the pallets, is provided by means of additional elements. The elements are installed under the rail heads. The side pallet is placed on the curb stone. The additional elements are a longitudinal profile of specified length.

EFFECT: it becomes possible to install the pallet on sections of the rail track without changing the design of the rail track.

4 cl, 1 dwg

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The present technical solution relates to the protection of the railway track from various types of pollution, in particular from the spills of oil products, lubricating liquids, washing solutions and the like.

LEVEL OF TECHNOLOGY

It is known that in railway transport there is a problem of contamination of the upper structure of the track, consisting of a ballast prism (base) and a rail-and-sleep grid (a structure of rails and sleepers). Contamination occurs due to the leakage of oil products from traction rolling stock, for example, diesel locomotives, due to the leakage of lubricating fluids, such as motor, axial and transmission, due to the design of locomotives, as well as due to cleaning solutions when washing the rolling stock. This problem is especially great on the tracks of the storage of diesel locomotives at locomotive maintenance points and in locomotive depots. In recent years, this problem has become more and more urgent due to the tightening of environmental legislation. The collection of spills is also relevant at the places of loading and unloading liquids from railway rolling stock, where it is required to organize the collection of a possible spill.

It is also known that the place of discharge and filling of liquids into railway tanks is carried out on railway tracks, with sleepers poured into concrete. At the same time, a special design track was not previously used in places where locomotives were parked, but periodic replacement of soil and ballast was used, followed by alignment of the track. For example, in the locomotive depot St. Petersburg-sorting-Moskovsky for collecting spills of oil products, a track was made on a reinforced concrete base, similar to the drain tracks.

The above design solutions are laborious, since:

- if it is necessary to replace the sleepers, it is required to close the traffic on the way for a long time to build the strength of concrete, which leads to a long period of construction and installation work,

- there is no possibility of straightening the track if a deviation of the track parameters from the standard is detected, which leads to the need for a complete reconstruction of the upper structure of the track.

Known solid railway track with a continuous base of rails on a concrete slab for rail rolling stock (RU 2506365 C2 from 26.03.2009, IPC Е01В 3/40, Е01В 9/68). A solid railroad track with a continuous base of the rails is supported by its sole on an elastic pad with a side rail guide element. The lateral guide element horizontally supports and guides the rail. The rail is attached with a fastening element, at separate points, to the concrete slab. An elastic spacer is located between the rail and the concrete slab. The concrete slab has two grooves, one is abutted by the fastening element in the installation position, the second in the working position. The solid railroad bed itself can be made of plastic or fiberglass.

The disadvantages of this canvas are:

- a long term of work with the closure of traffic along the way for the installation of this track;

- lack of devices for collecting spills, technical fluids, from a concrete bed, which leads to environmental pollution;

- low maintainability, since the possibility of replacing elements is not provided.

A known plate for protecting crushed stone ballast of a railway track from pollution (SU 85783 A1 dated 08.26.1949, IPC E01B 3/46, E01B 2/00), where a wooden braid made of knife veneer is used as reinforcement, located in the middle of the plate thickness. The binder can be coal tar pitch and resin, which, when mixed with clay serving as a filler, form a sufficiently strong and stable mass, which under normal conditions is not susceptible to softening under the influence of sunlight.

The disadvantages of a slab for protecting crushed stone ballast of a railway track from pollution are:

- the ability of the slab to accumulate liquid pollutants and not prevent their further penetration into ballast and further into soil and surface water, which leads to environmental pollution.

- the absence of devices on the pallet for collecting liquid pollutants, which also leads to environmental pollution.

Known pallets for cleaning railway tracks from oil products (electronic deposition - Internet source https://stroyactive.com/production/railway_pallets/). The pallets are arranged so that liquid oil products flow from the pallet through the channels to the ladder and then fall into a separate system for cleaning and subsequent discharge into the general sewage system. The pallet consists of panels 12 m long, which are placed between the rails and on either side of them. The pallets are made with stiffening ribs, openings for the ladder are also provided, the channels are located at an angle. Pallets are installed through adjusting bedding with sand and gravel mixture to ensure a tight fit of the pallet, only on sleepers made of wood and reinforced concrete. The specified technical solution is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the declared pallets for cleaning railway tracks from oil products are:

- pallets are placed on an adjusting bed made of sand and gravel, which contaminates the ballast of the railway track, deteriorating its characteristics;

- the release of liquid pollution from the pallet is carried out into the pipeline system located in the body of the subgrade and in the ballast prism of the railway track, which is not allowed by the regulatory documents for the design of the railway track and leads to premature destruction of the subgrade;

- for the construction of a liquid pollution removal system, it is required to carry out earthworks with the dismantling of the railway track, which leads to a long period of construction and installation work.

The task of the technical solution is the development and installation of pallets to protect railway tracks from spills of oil products and other contaminants of a simplified design, while ensuring environmental protection.

DISCLOSURE OF THE ESSENCE OF THE TECHNICAL SOLUTION

The technical result of the above problem is achieved by developing a method for installing pallets to protect railway tracks from spills of oil products and other contaminants, including placing one pallet between the rails and two pallets on both sides of them, while pallets are placed between the rails and on both sides from them, they are laid directly on the upper structure of the railway track, namely the rail and sleep grid, where fixation is carried out due to additional elements or elements of the pallets themselves, brought under the rail heads, while the release of the spills occurs between the sleepers. The specified technical solution ensures the preservation of the strength properties of the track superstructure and the absence of the need to prepare the track superstructure for the installation of pallets.

A variant of the technical solution is possible, where the upper structure of the railway track is a structure with wooden or reinforced concrete sleepers, and rails of the P50 or P65 type with a track gauge of 1520 mm, as well as on railway tracks with a width of 1435 mm. The specified technical solution provides a reduction in the range of products due to the versatility of the technical solution. In this case, the installation of pallets is carried out by top-end devices of small mechanization for servicing the railway track without the use of lifting mechanisms.

A variant of the technical solution is possible, where the number of pallets placed between the rails depends only on the length of the track section to be protected, located between the turnouts. The specified technical solution provides protection against spills of the railway track between the rails along the entire useful length of the track.

A variant of the technical solution is possible, where the number of pallets placed on both sides of the rails depends only on the length of the track section to be protected, located between the turnouts. The specified technical solution provides protection against spills of the railway track outside of the rails along the entire useful length of the track.

A variant of a technical solution is possible, where the installation of one pallet is carried out in no more than 15 minutes. The specified technical solution provides low labor intensity when installing pallets.

A variant of the technical solution is possible, where the release of the straits is carried out due to the installed drain ladder. The specified technical solution provides collection and discharge of spillage from the pallet in a certain place.

The technical result of the above problem is achieved by developing a pallet for protecting railway tracks from spills of oil products and other contaminants, which is a panel, while the shape of the pallet provides for slopes, both on the surface and along the side edges, while on one of the sides there are provided, at least one protrusion and one rib. The specified technical solution ensures the collection of the spill at a certain place of the pallet for further discharge into the spill collection system and a tight fit to the railway track ties without sand and gravel bedding.

A variant of the technical solution is possible, where the pallet is made of polymer material. The specified technical solution provides a relatively low weight of the pallet, no more than 350 kilograms, which makes it possible to mount it without lifting mechanisms.

A variant of the technical solution is possible, where the slope can be anywhere on the pallet. The specified technical solution provides the ability to drain from the pallet in a specific place in the presence of such a technical need.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

An example of the implementation of the technical solution is shown in Fig. 1, which shows a pallet for protecting railway tracks from spills of oil products and other contaminants, while:

pos. 1 - this is the superstructure of the track, intended for the movement of railway rolling stock;

pos. 2.1 - middle pallet, designed to cover the superstructure of the track (pos. 1) between the rails from dirt and collect in a certain place on the surface of liquid spills. It is a panel in the form of a complex surface with slopes, ensuring the collection of spills in a certain part of the pallet (item 2.1), with stiffeners and supporting elements, made of polymer material.

pos. 2.2 - side pallet designed to cover the topside (pos. 1) of the track on the side of the rail from contamination and collecting liquid spills in a certain place. 2.2), with stiffeners and supporting elements, made of polymer material.

pos. 3 - additional element designed to secure the pallet (pos. 2.1 and 2.2) to the upper track structure (pos. 1) and close the space between the rail and the pallets (pos. 2.1 and 2.2) to ensure tightness.

pos. 4 - ladder intended for directing liquid from the trays to the trays and (or) pipelines of the waste collection system (pos. 6).

pos. 5 - curb designed to fix the side pallet (item 2.2). It is a concrete product of a certain shape.

pos. 6 - waste collection system designed to receive wastewater from pallets into trays and transfer them to treatment facilities. It consists of reinforced concrete trays with lids and pipelines laid in the ground, united into a single network and laid from pallets (items 21 and 2.2) to treatment facilities.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE TECHNICAL SOLUTION

In the technical solution, the terms used are understood as the following concepts:

The upper structure of the track (pos. 1) is a structure consisting of railway rails, sleepers and fasteners, laid on a ballast base, made, as a rule, but not limited to, of granite crushed stone of a certain fraction (filling with crushed stone under sleepers and backfilling with crushed stone between compacted with sleepers using a special technology).

The middle pallet (item 2.1) is a panel made of polymeric material with a complex surface that allows the liquid in the pallet to drain into a certain part of it. The pallet is installed between the rails of the railway track.

The side pan (pos. 2.2) is a panel made of polymeric material with a complex surface that allows the liquid in the pan to drain into a certain part of it. The pallet is installed on the side of the rail of the railway track.

The padding element (pos. 3) is a longitudinal profile made of polymeric material of measured length of a certain section. The section configuration depends on the type of rails and railroad ties. The tightness of the pallet structure is ensured due to the tight fit of the additional pallet element to the rails and the pallet itself.

The ladder (pos. 4) is a device for draining liquid from the surface of the pallet into the waste collection system.

Curbstone (pos. 5) is a concrete product of a certain shape, mainly geometric. The curbstone serves as a support element for the side pallet, and also prevents the pallet from shifting away from the rails. The pallet is fixed on the curb by its own weight.

Sewage collection system (pos. 6) is a system of inter-sleeper and inter-track trays designed for laying in a railway track and pipelines, where the trays are inter-sleeper and inter-track reinforced concrete trays used to drain contaminated water from pallets from railway station tracks.

The claimed technical solution is proposed to be applied to collect oil spills on the railway track using pallets (item 2) made of polymer materials. Pallets (pos. 2) are placed directly on the railroad track (rail and sleep grate), without the use of additional materials, such as adjusting bedding made of sand and gravel mixture. At the same time, the installation of pallets can be carried out by top-end devices of small mechanization for servicing the railway track without the use of lifting mechanisms. Top-end devices for small mechanization are, for example, such as a manual portable gantry crane KR-2.

In addition, the Applicant notes that the pallets are not intended for the passage of motor vehicles.

Pallets (item 2.1) are stacked inside the railway track, directly on the railway track (rail and sleep grid) and (item 2.2) outside of it.

The middle pallet (pos. 2.1) is fixed to the railway track by installing additional elements (pos. 3), inserted under the rail heads. Additional elements (pos. 3) are attached only to pallets (pos. 2.1) using a dismountable joint. The pallet (item 2.1) is fixed on the track only due to the additional elements installed under the rail head (item 3).

The side pallet (item 2.2) is fixed to the rail included in the structure of the superstructure of the track (item 1), through the additional element (item 3), like the middle pallet (item 2.1), and the outer side is laid on the curb ( pos. 5), which does not allow the pallet (pos. 2.2) to move from the rail of the railway track.

Liquids spilled onto the pallet (pos. 2.1 and 2.2), such as engine, axle and transmission oils and diesel fuel, are drained through the drain (pos. 4) installed on the pallet (pos. 2.1 and 2.2). Further, the liquid is drained into the waste collection system (pos. 6), which consists of railway trays and / or pipelines through which it enters the treatment plant.

The tightness of the structure is ensured due to the tight fit of the additional element (pos. 3) of the pallet (pos. 2.1 and 2.2) to the rails and pallets. The curbstone (pos. 5) serves as a support element for the side pallet (pos. 2.2), and also does not allow the pallet (pos. 2.1 and 2.2) to move away from the rails. On the curb stone (pos. 5) the pallet (pos. 2.1 and 2.2) simply lies and is fixed due to its weight. The liquid rolls down from the additional elements (pos. 3) into the sump (pos. 2.1 and 2.2) due to the slopes on it and is directed to the drainage collection systems (pos. 6). In this case, the slope on the pallet (pos. 2.1 and 2.2) is directed towards the geometric middle of the pallet, which ensures the collection of spillage from the pallet to the point where the drain ladder is installed.

The pallet surfaces adjacent to the rails (item 2.1 and 2.2) have a slope from the rail to the track axis for the middle pallet (item 2.1), and from the rail to the outside for the side pallet (item 2.2), which is due to the design of the track superstructure (item 1).

The number of pallets (items 2.1 and 2.2), placed between the rails, depends only on the length of the track section to be protected, located between the switches, for example, 30 medium pallets are stacked over 360 meters of effective track length.

The number of pallets (items 2.1 and 2.2) placed on both sides of the rails depends only on the length of the track section to be protected, located between the turnouts, for example, 60 side pallets are stacked per 360 meters of useful track length.

Additionally, on the lower plane of the pallets (items 2.1 and 2.2), special projections and ribs are provided to increase the strength of the structure and ensure the fit of the pallets (items 2.1 and 2.2) to the sleepers.

Installation of pallets (items 2.1 and 2.2) is possible on various types of track superstructure with wooden or reinforced concrete sleepers and P50 or P65 rails with 1520 mm and 1435 mm track widths. The transition from one track structure to another is carried out due to additional elements (pos. 3) of various sections. For each type of railway track, additional elements (pos. 3) are used, intended for this type of superstructure. The number of additional elements (pos. 3) and the method of their fastening does not change at the same time. The installation time of the pallet (pos. 2.1 and 2.2) with additional elements (pos. 3) is 15 minutes. Lifting and moving pallets (items 2.1 and 2.2) can be carried out using two manual gantry cranes for changing rails of the KP-1350 type, carried by hand, widely used in railway track facilities, which ensures high mobility when performing track repairs.

Unlike the above analogs, the novelty is that the pallet (items 2.1 and 2.2) is placed directly on the upper structure of the railway track (item 1). To fix the pallets (items 2.1 and 2.2), no changes are required in the structure of the superstructure of the track (item 1) by drilling additional holes or welding any elements. Pallets (items 2.1 and 2.2) can be repeatedly dismantled from the track for routine maintenance, replacing track elements or straightening it using a widely used track tool, without the use of lifting equipment. The time for dismantling the pallet (pos. 2.1 and 2.2) with additional elements (pos. 3) does not exceed 15 minutes. In case of damage to the pallet (items 2.1 and 2.2) during operation, it can be replaced. The release of spills from pallets (items 2.1 and 2.2) is carried out into the sleepers of the spill collection system (item 6), which are a typical design solution for a railway track.

The claimed technical solution, namely a prototype of pallets for protecting railway tracks from spills of oil products and other contaminants, is installed at the Shushary station of the Oktyabrskaya railway.

The main advantages of the proposed technical solution are:

- the possibility of installation on any section of the railway track;

- easy and quick installation of pallets without stopping the movement of rolling stock on the railway for a long time;

- easy replacement of a faulty element;

- installation of a spill collection system (trays) into the existing railway track without dismantling it;

- the ability to carry out routine maintenance and repair of the track without long interruptions in traffic.

Claims (4)

1. A method of installing pallets to protect railway tracks from spills of oil products, including placing a middle pallet between the rails and side pallets on the outside of the rails, characterized in that the pallets placed on the upper structure of the railway track provide a tight connection with the rails and fix the pallets to the rail and sleep grid by installing additional elements under the rail heads and fixing them to the surface of the pallet with collapsible joints, securing the side pallet from displacement by laying it on a curb, while the additional elements are a longitudinal profile made of polymer material of measured length. 2. A pallet for protecting railway tracks from spills of oil products, which is a panel made of polymer material, characterized in that the shape of the pallet is made in the form of a complex surface with slopes, on the lower plane of which there are stiffeners and supporting elements. 3. A pallet according to claim 1, characterized in that the slope on the surface of the pallet can be located anywhere. 4. The pallet according to claim 1, characterized in that the pallets are stacked on the superstructure of the track without the use of additional materials in the form of ballast or sand and gravel mixture to adjust the density of the pallet on the superstructure of the track.

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