RU2759321C1 - Dispersant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: grinding, drying, separating equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to equipment for grinding, drying, separation of materials and can be used, for example, for the production of eco-wool or biofuels. The dispersant contains a housing 1, a rotor 2 with radial blades 3, placed in the housing 1 and mounted on a shaft 4 with the possibility of rotation, input and output channels 6, stator elements in the form of plates placed on the shell of the housing 1, feeding the material into the dispersion zone. After each stator element, in the course of rotation of the rotor 2, channels 8 are made on the shell for air intake. The output channel 6 is equipped with aerodynamic partitions 9, and holes 10 are made in the side wall of the housing 1 opposite the rotation zone of the radial blades 3. On the branch pipe of the output channel 6 of the dispersant, an automatic valve 11 is installed, equipped with a drive 12 and a positioner 13, providing separation of materials having different specific weights, the heavy fraction of which is removed from the dispersant under the action of centrifugal force when the valve 11 is closed.

EFFECT: disintegrator allows processing composite materials with the possibility of separating their components.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to equipment for grinding, drying and separating materials from each other and can be used for the production of ecowool, biofuel, etc.

Known installation for grinding fibrous material, including a housing with a processing chamber, which accommodates having a grinding set, a rotor mounted on a drive shaft, and a stator, supply and discharge pipes (US Pat. No. 1337483, IPC В02С 19/06, 1973 .).

The disadvantage of the known device is that the dispersing effect on the fibrous material is not sufficient to obtain, due to this, a high quality of its processing. The reason for this is the short exposure time, limited only by the moment the jet hits the obstacle. Their further interaction, during normal flow, practically does not affect the material, since the pressure of the jet on the obstacle, and the energy per unit of its volume, in this case, is many times less than during impact.

A device for grinding materials is known, comprising a housing, a rotor placed in it, made in the form of a disk with accelerating blades on both sides, inlet and outlet channels located coaxially with respect to the axis of rotation of the rotor, and the outlet channel is made in the form of a ring covering the inlet channel, and communicated with a suction cyclone. The accelerating blades of the rotor are fixed on its disk radially from the side of the outlet channel. The device contains a shell with tangential slots, which is located coaxially between the cylindrical wall of the body and the end edges of the accelerating blades of the rotor and forms an annular cavity with the body, communicating with the tangential channel for air supply. The axes of symmetry of the tangential slots are inclined at an angle of 7-10 degrees to the tangent drawn to the inner wall of the shell at a point located at the same distance from two adjacent slots (see USSR AS No. 1629094 MPK В02С 13/26, bull. No. 7 , 1991).

Due to the fact that the outlet channel in the analogous device is annular, at the outlet from the device a highly swirling flow of air suspension of the crushed material is obtained, which is unacceptable when it is used in the process of manufacturing products, in particular paper, by an aerodynamic method.

In the patent literature, a disperser is known comprising a housing, a rotor with radial blades placed therein, which is rotatably mounted on a shaft, an inlet and outlet channels. On the shell of the housing, from the inside, there are stator elements made in the form of lamellar protrusions that feed material into the dispersion zone, and knives are located on the end edges of the radial blades, and each stator element has holes for air intake on the shell along the rotor rotation, while the outlet the channel, which has a conical shape, is equipped with aerodynamic partitions (RF patent No. 38471, IPC D21B 1/34, publ. 20.06.04).

The disadvantages of this device are insufficient quality separation of the finished product.

The next problem solved by the inventor is the possibility of obtaining a stable (specified) particle size distribution of the final product, by eliminating the ingress of undivided particles of the processed material between the side wall of the housing and the rotor of the disperser. In RF patent No. 117924, IPC D21B 1/34, publ. July 10, 2012, the design of a disperser is described, containing a housing, a rotor with radial blades placed in it, which is fixed on the shaft with the possibility of rotation, inlet and outlet channels, stator elements are placed on the shell shell, in the form of plates feeding material into the dispersion zone, after of each stator element along the direction of rotation of the rotor, channels for air intake are made on the shell, while the outlet channel is equipped with aerodynamic partitions, holes are made in the side wall of the housing opposite the rotation zone of the radial blades.

This dispersant is the closest in technical essence and the achieved result to the claimed technical solution.

The disadvantage of the prototype US Pat. No. 117924 is the lack of the ability to process composite materials with the possibility of separating the components from each other.

The objective of the invention is to develop a disperser design that eliminates the disadvantages of the prototype, as well as expands the technological and functional capabilities of the device.

The problem is solved using the features indicated in the claims in common with the prototype, such as a disperser containing a housing, a rotor with radial blades, located in the housing and fixed on the shaft with the possibility of rotation, inlet and outlet channels located on the shell of the housing, stator elements in in the form of plates feeding material into the dispersion zone, while after each stator element in the direction of rotation of the rotor, channels for air intake are made on the shell, the outlet channel is equipped with aerodynamic partitions, and holes are made in the side wall of the housing opposite the rotation zone of the radial blades, and distinctive essential features , such as on the branch pipe of the outlet channel of the disperser, an automatic valve is installed, equipped with a drive and a positioner, which ensure the separation of materials having different specific gravity, the heavy fraction of which, when the valve is closed, is removed from the disperser under the action of centrifugal force.

The above-listed set of essential features makes it possible to obtain the following technical result - processing of composite materials with the possibility of separating components from each other.

The invention is illustrated by the description of a specific, but not limiting example of implementation and the accompanying drawing.

FIG. 1 shows the structure of the disperser in section; in fig. 2 is a view along a-a of Fig. 1.

The disperser (Fig. 1) contains a housing 1, placed in it a rotor 2 with radial blades 3, which is fixed on the shaft 4 with the possibility of rotation, input 5 and output 6 channels.

On the shell shell are stator elements 7 in the form of plates that feed material to the dispersion zone. After each stator element in the direction of rotation of the rotor, channels 8 are made on the shell for air intake.

The outlet channel is equipped with aerodynamic partitions 9, holes 10 are made in the side wall of the housing opposite the rotation zone of the radial blades.

An automatic valve 11 is installed on the branch pipe of the outlet channel 6 of the disperser, which is equipped with a drive 12 and a positioner 13 (Fig. 1), which ensure the separation of materials 14 (Fig. 2) having a different specific gravity from the initial dispersion product.

The positioner 13 is made in the form of a shutter set at a certain angle by command from the control unit (not shown in the drawing) to separate the target product.

The device works as follows

The disperser processes various materials (wood, waste paper, peat, Tetra Pak waste, laminated paper and cardboard, chicken feathers, chemicals, vegetables, fruits, etc.), which need to be crushed, dried, and separated from each other.

Grinding occurs under the impact of a rotating rotor 2 (Fig. 1).

The selection of the finished product is carried out by an exhaust fan (not shown in the drawing), which creates a radial air flow through the disperser.

Changing the rotor speed and the magnitude of the radial air flow allows you to adjust the moisture content of the dried material and the particle size distribution at the outlet of the disperser.

When processing composite materials, fine separation of the separated materials is carried out due to the operation of the automatic valve 11. To optimize the separation process in terms of productivity and the quality of separation of materials, a special computer program is used, with the help of which the valve and the operation of the disperser are controlled in an automatic mode (The control unit is not shown in the drawings) ...

The starting material is crushed to the required size (fibrous cellulosic materials to single fibers), which are carried out from the center of the disperser with a radial air flow. Other fractions of the composite material are crushed (polymers, aluminum, etc.), but are not carried out of the apparatus due to their higher specific gravity, accumulate in the disperser and rotate in the flow until valve 11 closes. When the valve is closed, the radial air flow directed to the center of the apparatus disappears, the heavy fraction is removed from the disperser under the action of centrifugal force (see arrows, pos. 14 in Fig. 2), the valve opens, and the process of dispersion and selection of the target product continues.

The proposed design of the disperser can be made from available materials and components on serial equipment in an industrial environment. It will be widely used in the pulp and paper, chemical, construction industries and other industries.

This description and drawings are considered as material illustrating the invention, the essence of which and the scope of patent claims are defined in the following claims, a set of essential features and their equivalents.

Claims (1)

A disperser containing a housing (1), a rotor (2) with radial blades (3), located in the housing and fixed on the shaft (4) with the possibility of rotation, inlet (5) and outlet (6) channels located on the shell shell stator elements (7) in the form of plates feeding material into the dispersion zone, while after each stator element in the direction of rotation of the rotor, channels (8) for air intake are made on the shell, the outlet channel is equipped with aerodynamic partitions (9), and in the side wall of the housing opposite the zone of rotation of the radial blades, holes (10) are made, characterized in that an automatic valve (11) is installed on the branch pipe of the outlet channel (6) of the disperser, equipped with a drive (12) and a positioner (13), which ensure the separation of materials (14) having different specific gravity , the heavy fraction of which, when the valve is closed, is carried out from the disperser under the action of centrifugal force.

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