RU2758850C1 - Device for cleaning flue gases from water vapor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of power engineering and is intended for cleaning flue and condensate emissions in factory pipes, pipes of nuclear power plants (NPP) and thermal power plants (TPP). The device for cleaning flue gases from water vapor is characterized by the fact that a dome is installed at the outlet mouth of the chimney, open to the outlet of the purified gas from above, and contains a ring of air nozzles located in it in the direction of gas movement along the circumference of the pipe, a gas temperature sensor, grooves for distillate runoff at two levels with a displacement of levels relative to each other and at an angle to the horizon. It also contains a perforated package of pipes, on which a multi-layer drip grid and a “dew point” sensor determining gas humidity are placed. Outside the chimney there is a control panel, a compressor, the outlet of which is connected to the inlet of the Ranque tube, the “hot” outlet of which is connected to the ring of air nozzles through an adjustable valve and a pipeline, the “cold” outlet of the tube through another control valve and another pipeline is connected to a package of perforated tubes. The sensors, valves, compressor and the Ranque tube are connected to the control panel of the device. The air nozzles are made with external air ejection and are located with outlet openings in the direction of gas movement, and an additional fan with a drive mechanism connected to the device control panel is installed in the lower part of the dome.

EFFECT: aggregation of all units for the task of separating water vapor from flue gases in one dome housing provides autonomous operation and installation of the dome for already operating factory pipes, NPP and TPP pipes without redesigning the technology of their use.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of energy and is intended for cleaning flue gases from water vapor from factory pipes, pipes of nuclear power plants and thermal power plants.

Known devices for a similar purpose, for example "Method and device for cleaning flue gases, utilizing their heat and capturing components" by VS Yezhov according to RF patent No. 2186612, IPC B01D 53/60 [1].

This device contains a treatment zone in a gas duct with heat exchange and absorption sections located in it, an overflow chamber, a liquid distributor, a threshold, an airlift riser pipe and a sump with a water seal.

The disadvantage of this device is its significant complexity, requiring a large reconstruction for implementation at an operating enterprise. In addition, the equipment complex of this device is located upstream of the smoke exhauster, i.e. before the supply of purified flue gases to the pipes of a nuclear power plant or a thermal power plant, which will require stopping production during its installation.

There is also known "A method for utilizing heat and drying flue gases and a device for its implementation" by the authors Knyazkina G.Yu., Knyazkina TG, Volkova D.Yu., Shcheblykina A.V. according to RF patent No. 2561812, IPC F22B 1/18 [2].

This installation for heat recovery and dehumidification of flue gases contains heat exchangers, a pressure fan, gas ducts, a slot ejector, pipelines, a pump, and the flue gas flow after the heat exchangers is divided into two flows: large and small, and a pressure fan is installed on a small flow, after passing through a small flow enters the slotted ejector nozzle, where the flows are mixed.

The disadvantage of this device is also its significant complexity, requiring a large reconstruction of the existing production, since it is installed by inserting it into the existing gas duct before the purified flue gases are fed into the pipe of a nuclear power plant or thermal power plant.

It is also known a device for condensation of water vapor directly in the chimney, for example, "Device for cleaning flue gases" by the authors PN Tsvetkov and SL Schepalov. according to the author's certificate of the USSR No. 245265, IPC F23J, class. 24g, 6/20 [3].

The device contains cone-shaped inserts installed in the chimney vertically one above the other with nozzles placed in them, into which cold air and steam between the inserts are supplied along the gas path.

The main disadvantage of this device is that condensate will drain along the walls of the pipe, which leads to its destruction over time. In addition, for effective deposition of water vapor, a large number of cone-shaped inserts will be required, which are difficult to place in the chimney of a nuclear power plant or thermal power plant,

The closest analogue of the present invention is the "System for cleaning flue gases" by the authors of Selyanin I.F., Senkus V.V., Feoktistova and others under the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2462292, IPC B01 D47 / 00 [4].

This system contains a cascade cone ring module, water nozzles, pipelines, a pump and a water treatment sump with a neutralizer.

The system works as follows. Flue gases rising through the pipe pass through the slots between the cones of the cascade of hollow conical rings and enter the aerosol of finely dispersed water generated by the nozzles. Aerosol from flue gases with impurities falls as a drizzle on the surface of the conical rings, rolls into an annular chute and is fed through the outlet channel to the water purification system.

The disadvantage of this system is that the outlet pipe itself is used, inside which is placed an extended cascade module of conical rings and other equipment that requires intervention in the existing pipe structure of a nuclear power plant or thermal power plant.

In addition, since the cleaning of flue gases is carried out with water dispersed to aerosols, one should expect significant emissions of water in the vapor phase and in the aerosol phase in the outgoing cleaned flue gases.

The objective of the present invention is to create an autonomous "Device for cleaning flue gases from water vapor", placed on the chimneys of the factory or pipes of nuclear power plants, thermal power plants without reconstruction of the latter and without changing the technology of their use.

The technical problem that the present invention solves is equipping the existing chimney and ventilation (hereinafter chimneys) pipes with technical means that would ensure the maximum release of water vapor from gases that bring significant harm to the environment and the population.

The technical result is as follows:

- the device is made in the form of an autonomous removable dome, placed on the existing factory chimneys or pipes of nuclear power plants, thermal power plants;

- used the effect of controlled cooling to the "dew point" of the outlet gas passing through a multi-layer cooled drip-collecting grid;

- the cooling of the exhaust flue gas is carried out by mixing and combining the use of both hot and cold air using vortex coolers based on the Ranque tube effect (hereinafter: Ranque tube);

- condensate of water vapor, containing also suspended particles and other soluble harmful impurities, is discharged outside the chimney.

The technical effect is also achieved due to the fact that the air nozzles are made with external air ejection, and an additional blowing fan is installed in the lower part of the dome.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that a dome is installed at the inlet mouth of the chimney, which is open for the outlet of the purified gas from above, and contains a ring of air nozzles located in it in the direction of gas movement around the circumference of the pipe, a gas temperature sensor, troughs for distillate drain on two levels with a shift of levels relative to each other and at an angle to the horizon, a perforated tube package, on which a drip-collecting multi-layer mesh and a “dew point” sensor for gas humidity are located, and outside the chimney there are a control panel, a compressor, the output of which is connected to the inlet of the Ranque tube, The “hot” outlet of which is connected to the ring of air nozzles through a control valve and a pipeline, the “cold” outlet of the tube through another control valve and another pipeline is connected to a package of perforated tubes, and sensors, valves, a compressor and a Ranque tube are connected to the control panel of the device.

The technical effect is also achieved due to the fact that the air nozzles are made with ejection of outside air and are located with outlets in the direction of gas movement, and an additional fan with a drive mechanism is installed in the lower part of the dome, connected to the control panel of the device.

In the drawings: FIG. 1 shows a sectional general view of "Devices for cleaning flue gases from water vapor", FIG. 2 - the relative spatial arrangement of the troughs at two levels with the offset of the levels relative to each other, FIG. 3 - execution of an air nozzle for ejection of outside air as part of a ring of nozzles along the circumference of the chimney mouth. The movement of flue gases is shown in the drawing with long arrows, and the movement of condensate is shown with short arrows and in the form of water droplets.

A dome 2 is installed on the chimney 1 of an NPP or CHPP, in which a ring 3 of air nozzles around the circumference of the chimney mouth, a chute 4 in the form of trays for distillate drainage on two levels with displacement of levels relative to each other and at an angle to the horizon, a horizontal package of 5 perforated tubes, on which a multilayer drip mesh 6 is located, and separately outside the chimney there is a compressor 7, the outlet from which is connected to the inlet of the Ranque tube 8, the “hot” (in the drawing: horizontal) outlet of which through an adjustable valve 9 and a pipeline 10 is connected to the ring of air nozzles, the "cold" (in the drawing: cold) tube outlet through another adjustable valve 11 and another pipeline 12 is connected to the package of perforated tubes of the dome. Additional check valves 13 and 14 are connected to the pipelines to supply atmospheric air. The dome in its upper part has a window 15 for the outlet of cleaned gases and a dew point (humidity) sensor 16 of gases, and in its lower zone between the nozzle ring and the grooves there is a temperature sensor 17 and an additional blowing fan 18 with its own drive mechanism.

The device is controlled by the operator visually according to the readings of the sensors from the control panel 19 or automatically using a programmed controller (not shown in the drawing).

The condensate is drained from the dome through the outlet 20 through a separate pipe.

"Device for cleaning flue gases from water vapor" works as follows. Depending on the type of boilers and boiler units, the temperature at the outlet of their chimneys is in the range of 130 ... 250 degrees Celsius. The operator from the control panel 19 turns on the compressor 7, from the outlet of which high-pressure air is supplied to the inlet of the Ranque tube 8. From the "hot" outlet of tube 8 through valve 9 and pipeline 10, air with a predetermined high temperature under pressure enters nozzles 3 located around the mouth of pipe 1, and from the "cold" outlet of tube 8 through valve 11 and pipeline 12 is supplied to package 5 perforated tubes at the top of the dome. Cold air coming out of the tubes of the package 5 intensively cools the multi-layer drip mesh 6.

Vortex thermogenerators, developed on the basis of the Ranque effect, have different temperature ranges at their "hot" and "cold" outputs, for example, on the website [5] of the EXAIR company [electronic resource] www.airflou-expert.ru there are vortex tubes VORTEX TUBES, providing output temperatures from - 46 to +127 degrees Celsius with an air flow rate from 28 to 4248 liters per minute. The temperatures of the outgoing streams of the vortex tube depend on the pressure at their inlet and on the ratio of hot and cold fractions. This allows you to select the required temperature parameters for the proposed device.

The purpose of the nozzles 3 is to reduce the temperature of the flue gases leaving the pipe 1, but not lower than 100 degrees Celsius in order to prevent condensate from flowing into the inside of the pipe 1. If the air temperature from the "hot" outlet of the Ranque pipe 8 is lower than the temperature of the flue gases, then their partial cooling. The nozzles 3 (Fig. 3) receiving hot air from the pipeline 10 under pressure, eject (suck in) atmospheric air, which additionally cools the air leaving the nozzles 3, which is mixed with the flue gases. In addition, the valve 9 regulates the volume of the supplied "hot" air, and through the check valve 13 is supposed to mix atmospheric air to it.

The outlets of the nozzles 3 must be directed upward to maintain the pressure in the dome 2 and to mix the supplied air with the flue gases of the pipe 1.

Further, the partially cooled gas mixture rises up in the dome 1, passes between the rows of troughs 4, between the perforated tubes of the package 5 and washes the multilayer drip-collecting mesh 6.

Cold air supplied from the "cold" outlet of the Ranque tube 8 through the valve 11 and the pipeline 12 is fed into the tubes of the package 5, leaving the holes of which the air cools to the "dew point" the drip grid 6, on which condensation of water vapor occurs. Drops and trickles of condensate from the drip mesh 6 fall on the troughs 4, roll down them, accumulate in the bottom of the dome 2 and are removed through its outlet 20 through an additional pipe. Particles suspended in the gas and other harmful impurities contained in the flue gases are removed along with the condensate.

The volume and temperature of cold air supplied to the drip grid 6 is determined by the readings of the humidity sensor 16 - the "dew point" of the outgoing gases. If necessary, atmospheric air can be mixed through the check valve 14 using the compressor 7. The flue gases cleaned from water vapor go out through the window 15 to the outside.

Upon condensation, each gram of water vapor releases about 0.5 Kcal. heat, which should be taken into account when operating the chimney in winter conditions. The outer walls of the dome 2 must be thermally insulated, and the condensate from the outlet 20 must also be removed through a thermally insulated pipe.

With large volumes of flue gases coming out of the chimney 1, it will be necessary to install a drip mesh 6 in several layers in order to provide them with a dew point temperature, which will reduce the natural movement of flue gases in the dome 2. In this regard, it may be necessary to install an additional injection fan 18, included from the remote control 19 of the device.

As a drip mesh 6 can be used "Ultraset ZAO Dal" [electronic resource]: www.daly.ru/katalog/ [6], and as sensor 16 - universal sensors "dew point" [electronic resource]: www.ismerkon .ru / catalog / vlozhost / datchiki-tochki-rosy. Htm [7].

The use under pressure of hot and cold air of the necessary parameters from vortex generators using the Ranque tube effect for gradual cooling and mixing it with flue gases and creating conditions for obtaining a "dew point" in the upper part of the dome allows you to create a device that effectively cleans flue gases from water vapors.

The need to get rid of water vapor is explained by the fact that each ton of steam released into the atmosphere is equivalent in terms of the "greenhouse effect" to 360 kg of carbon dioxide. For example, in 2015, all Russian NPPs emitted 730 million tons of water vapor into the atmosphere, which is equivalent to 260 million tons of carbon dioxide [8]: [electronic resource] www. proatom.ru.

The problem of cleaning from flue gases is also described in the following sources listed [9, 10, 11, 12, 13].

The aggregation of all units to accomplish the task of separating water vapor from flue gases in one dome housing allows for autonomous operation and installation of the dome for already operating factory pipes, pipes of nuclear power plants and thermal power plants without processing the technology of their use.

For the mass implementation of the proposed device, it is advisable to develop design documentation for several standard sizes of domes in relation to different types of chimneys and ventilation pipes that emit significant volumes of water vapor into the atmosphere.

SOURCES OF INFORMATION

1. Ezhov V.S. Method and device for cleaning flue gases, utilizing their heat and capturing components. RF patent No. 2186612, IPC B01D 53/60.

2. Knyazkin G.Yu., Knyazkina T.G., Volkov D.Yu., Scheblykin A.V. A method of heat recovery and dehumidification of flue gases and a device for its implementation. RF patent No. 2561812, IPC F22B 1/18.

3. Tsvetkov P.N., Schepalov S.L. Flue gas cleaning device. RF patent No. 245265, IPC F23j, class. 24g 6/20.

4. Selyanin I.F., Senkus V.V., Feoktistov A.V. and other system for cleaning flue gases. RF patent No. 2462292, IPC B01D47 / 00.

5. Model range of vortex tubes VORTEX TUBES [electronic resource] www. airflou-expert.ru/contacts/. E-mail: lead@spray-expert.ru

6. Multilayer drip mesh "Ultraset ZAO Dal" [electronic resource]: www.daly.ru/katalog/.

7. Universal sensors "dew point". [Electronic resource]: www.ismerkon.ru/catalog/vlozhnost/datchiki-tochki-rosy/htm.

8. Information agency PRoAtom [electronic resource] www.proatov.ru.

9. Bespalov V.I., Bespalov V.V. Method for deep utilization of flue gas heat. RF patent No. 2606296, IPC F24H 8/00, F 22B 1/18, F24H 3/06.

10. FR 2162630 A1, 24.08.1973.

11. DE 3526381 A1, 17.04.1986.

12. EP 0432074 A1, 12.06.1991.

13. GB 1583808 A1, 04.02.1981.

Claims (3)

1. A device for cleaning flue gases from water vapor, characterized in that a dome is installed at the outlet of the chimney, which is open for the outlet of the cleaned gas from above and contains a ring of air nozzles located in it in the direction of gas movement along the circumference of the pipe, a gas temperature sensor, a trough for distillate drain on two levels with level displacement relative to each other and at an angle to the horizon, a perforated tube package with a multi-layer drip mesh and a “dew point” sensor - gas moisture, and outside the chimney there are a control panel, a compressor, the output of which connected to the inlet of the Ranque tube, the "hot" outlet of which is through an adjustable valve and the pipeline is connected to the ring of air nozzles, the "cold" outlet of the tube through another control valve and another pipeline is connected to a package of perforated tubes, and the sensors, valves, the compressor and the Ranque tube are connected to the device control panel. 2. A device for cleaning flue gases from water vapor according to claim 1, characterized in that the air nozzles are made with ejection of outside air and are located with outlet openings in the direction of gas movement. 3. A device for cleaning flue gases from water vapor according to claim 1, characterized in that an additional fan with a drive mechanism connected to the control panel of the device is installed in the lower part of the dome.

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