RU2758162C1 - Lubricant construction for variable wheelset and variable wheelset - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wheelset lubricating.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a structure for lubricating a wheelset with a variable track gauge and a wheelset with a variable track gauge. The lubrication structure contains wheels (1), an axle (2) and sliding mechanisms. The wheels are slidingly located at both ends of the axle, the sliding mechanisms are respectively connected to the outer sides of the wheels and are located in the axle boxes at both ends of the axle, while the wheels are unlocked and locked by the sliding mechanisms. A sealing structure (6) is provided between the inner side of each wheel and the axle, while the first cavity (7) is formed between the inner side of the wheel, the axle and the sealing structure, the second cavity (8) is formed between the outer side of the wheel and the sliding mechanism, and the third cavity (9) is formed between the sliding mechanism and the axle box. The wheel is provided with first oil injection channels (10) leading to the connection between the wheel and the axle, and the axle box is provided with second oil injection channels (11) leading to the sliding mechanism.

EFFECT: increased lubrication of the friction surface, reduced wear on key wear parts and extended overall life of the variable track wheelset.

12 cl, 4 dwg

Description

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[001] This application claims priority from Chinese Application No. 201910002745.4, filed January 2, 2019, entitled "Lubricating Structure for Gauge-Changing Wheelset and Gauge-Changing Wheelset," the disclosure of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

[002] The present application relates to the technical field of changing the track gauge of a railway vehicle, in particular to a lubrication structure for a wheelset with a variable track gauge and a wheelset with a variable track gauge.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[003] Due to the rapid development of global economic integration, the international transport of passengers and goods has grown rapidly in recent years. However, the different values of the track gauge in different countries significantly complicate international transport by rail. To solve the problem that due to different values of the track gauge in different countries, international transportation by rail becomes difficult, a wheelset with a variable track gauge is proposed, that is, when moving by rail in another country, the train changes the distance between its wheels. wheelset to adapt it to the track gauge of another country's railroad.

[004] During the process of changing the track gauge, the sliding mechanism on the wheelset is moved about the axis by the pushing of the ground guide rail. Relative friction occurs between the wheel and axle and the sliding mechanism and axle. Therefore, it is necessary to apply a design lubrication solution for key wear-prone parts.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

[005] (i) Technical problems to be solved

[006] The present application is intended to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art or the prior art.

[007] It is an object of this application to provide a lubrication design for a variable gauge wheelset and a variable gauge wheelset to reduce wear on key wear prone parts and to extend the overall life of the variable gauge wheelset.

[008] (II) Technical solutions

[009] To solve the technical problems outlined above, an embodiment of the present invention provides a lubrication structure for a variable track wheelset comprising wheels, an axle, and sliding mechanisms; the wheels are provided with the ability to slide at both ends of the axle and the sliding mechanisms are respectively connected to the outer sides of the wheels and are located in the cases of the axle boxes at both ends of the axle; and the wheels are unlocked and locked by sliding mechanisms. A sealing structure is provided between the inner side of the wheel and the axle, the first cavity is formed between the inner side of the wheel, the axle and the sealing structure, the second cavity is formed between the outer side of the wheel and the sliding mechanism, and the third cavity is formed between the sliding mechanism and the axle box housing. The wheel is provided with first oil injection passages leading to the connection between the wheel and the axle, and the axle box housing is provided with second oil injection passages leading to the sliding mechanism.

[0010] In an embodiment of the present application, the sliding mechanism comprises an inner sleeve, the inner sleeve being in a clearance fit on the axle and one end of the inner sleeve facing the wheel extends outside the axle box housing and is tightly coupled to the wheel. Tread space is left between the outgoing end of the inner sleeve and the axle, and tread space forms a second cavity.

[0011] In an embodiment of the present application, the sliding mechanism further comprises a rolling bearing and an outer sleeve. The inner sleeve, the rolling bearing and the outer sleeve are tightly coupled by a coupling joint in sequence from the inside to the outside, and the outer sleeve is in a clearance fit on the inner surface of the axle box housing. The third cavity is formed between the outer end surface of the outer sleeve and the outer end cover of the axle box body.

[0012] In an embodiment of the present application, opposite sides outside the outer sleeve are respectively provided with projections axially extending along the outer sleeve, and a plurality of grooves are spaced along the length direction of the projections; the inner wall of the axle box body is provided with concave arcuate surfaces corresponding to the grooves in a one-to-one ratio; locking pins are provided in the locking spaces formed by grooves and concave arcuate surfaces in the axle box body, and the axle box body is also provided with third oil injection channels communicating with the concave arcuate surfaces.

[0013] In an embodiment of the present application, a third oil injection port is provided on the side wall of the axle box housing corresponding to the locking pins.

[0014] In an embodiment of the present application, the axle box body is provided with an axial through bore internally slidably mating with the outer bushing, and a second oil injection port is vertically located in the upper and / or lower part of the axle box body and communicates with the axial through bore.

[0015] In an embodiment of the present application, an oil storage tank is provided in the axial radial direction between the inner side of the wheel and the sealing structure, and a first cavity is formed between the inner side of the wheel, the oil storage tank and the sealing structure.

[0016] In an embodiment of the present application, the sealing structure comprises an outer ring, an inner ring, and an elastic sleeve. The inner diameter of the outer ring is larger than the outer diameter of the inner ring. One end of the elastic sleeve is fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the outer ring, the other end of the elastic sleeve is fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the inner ring, and the outer ring can drive the elastic sleeve relative to the inner ring. The outer ring is made with the possibility of a stationary coupling connection with the wheel hub, the inner ring is made with the possibility of a stationary coupling with the axle, and the first cavity is formed between the outer ring, the elastic sleeve, the inner ring, the wheel hub and the axle oil storage tank.

[0017] In an embodiment of the present application, the inner circumference of the wheel is provided with internal splines, both ends of the axle are respectively provided with external splines, the wheels and both ends of the axle are mated and connected by internal splines and external splines, and the outlet of the first oil injection port is located in the slot between two adjacent splined teeth of the internal splines.

[0018] In an embodiment of the present application, a plurality of first oil injection passages are provided, and the plurality of first oil injection passages are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the inner side of the wheel, and the first oil injection passages are inclined toward the connection between the wheel and the axle from the surface of the inner side of the wheel.

[0019] In an embodiment of the present application, each of the first oil injection port, the second oil injection port and the third oil injection port is provided with an internally threaded portion at its inlet, and the inlet of each oil injection port is sealed by screwing fasteners with an external thread in the corresponding section with an internal thread.

[0020] Another embodiment of the present application also provides a variable track wheelset comprising the variable track wheelset lubrication structure described in the above technical solutions.

[0021] (III) Positive Effects

[0022] Compared with the prior art, the present application has the following advantages.

[0023] Embodiments of the present application provide a lubrication structure for a variable track wheelset comprising wheels, an axle, and sliding mechanisms; the wheels are provided with the possibility of sliding at both ends of the axle, and the sliding mechanisms are respectively connected to the outer sides of the wheels and are located in the cases of the axle boxes at both ends of the axle; and the wheels are unlocked and locked by sliding mechanisms. A sealing structure is provided between the inner side of the wheel and the axle, the first cavity is formed between the inner side of the wheel, the axle and the sealing structure, the second cavity is formed between the outer side of the wheel and the sliding mechanism, and the third cavity is formed between the sliding mechanism and the axle box housing. The wheel is provided with first oil injection channels leading to a wheel-axle connection, wherein the wheel-axle connection is lubricated by injecting lubricant into the first oil injection channels, and the lubricant is stored in the first cavity. The axle box housing is provided with a second oil injection channel leading to the sliding mechanism, wherein the lubricant is injected into the second oil injection channels to effect lubrication between the axle box housing and the sliding mechanism, and is stored in the third cavity. The mating point between the sliding mechanism and the axle is coated with a lubricant to effect lubrication between the sliding mechanism and the axle, and the lubricant is stored in the second cavity. In the state where the wheel does not change the track gauge, the lubricant is stored in the corresponding cavities, while the sliding mechanism moves during the wheel track changing process, the volume of each cavity changes, so the lubricant is squeezed out and out, covering the friction surfaces with the formation of a lubricating layer, which serves to lubricate and protect friction surfaces to reduce wear on key wear-prone parts, thereby extending the overall life of the variable gauge wheelset.

[0024] Additionally, the first oil injection ports and the second oil injection ports are provided to maintain the level and add lubricant at any time.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE GRAPHIC MATERIALS

[0025] FIG. 1 is a partial axial sectional view of a lubrication structure for a variable track wheelset according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] in FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of an axle box housing according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0027] in FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a wheel according to an embodiment of the present application; and

[0028] in FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the region B – B shown in FIG. 3.

[0029] Reference numbers:

1 Wheel

2 Axis

3 Inner sleeve

4 Rolling bearing

5 Outer sleeve

51 Axial through bore

6 Sealing structure

7 First cavity

8 Second cavity

9 Third cavity

10 First oil injection port

11 Second channel for oil injection

12 Third channel for oil injection

13 Axle box housing

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0030] Specific embodiments of the present application are further described in detail below in connection with the drawings and embodiments. The following embodiments are intended to illustrate the present application, but are not intended to limit the scope of this application.

[0031] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that the orientation or relative positions indicated by such terms as "center", "longitudinal", "side", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", " left ”,“ right ”,“ vertical ”,“ horizontal ”,“ top ”,“ bottom ”,“ inside ”,“ outside ”, etc., are based on the orientation or relative positions shown in the graphics, and are used only for the convenience of describing the present application and to simplify the description, and not to indicate or express that the claimed device or component must have a specific orientation, be made and work in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be considered as limiting the present application. In addition, the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0032] In the description of the present application, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated and defined otherwise, the terms "installed", "connected to" and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, you can either connect immovably, or with the possibility of disconnection, or can be connected inseparably; can be connected mechanically or connected electrically; can be connected directly, or connected indirectly by means of an intermediate element, or have a communication between the inner space of two elements. A person skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the terms presented above in this application, in accordance with the specific conditions.

[0033] In addition, in the description of the present application, the terms "multiple", "multiple" and "multiple groups" mean two or more, unless otherwise indicated.

[0034] As shown in FIG. 1, an embodiment of the present application provides a lubrication structure for a variable track wheelset comprising wheels 1, an axle 2, and sliding mechanisms; the wheels 1 are provided with the ability to slide at both ends of the axle 2, and the sliding mechanisms are respectively connected to the outer sides of the wheels 1 and are located in the housing 13 of the axle boxes at both ends of the axle 2; and wheels 1 are unlocked and locked by sliding mechanisms. A sealing structure 6 is provided between the inner side of the wheel 1 and the axle 2, wherein the first cavity 7 is formed between the inner side of the wheel 1 and the axle 2 and the sealing structure 6, the second cavity 8 is formed between the outer side of the wheel 1 and the sliding mechanism, and the third cavity 9 is formed between the sliding mechanism and the housing 13 of the axle box. As shown in FIG. 3, wheel 1 is provided with first oil injection channels 10 leading to a connection between wheel 1 and axle 2. When the track width of wheel 1 changes, wheel 1 moves relative to axle 2 and the friction surface is between wheel 1 and axle 2. The connection between the wheel 1 and the axle 2 are lubricated by injecting a lubricant into the first oil injection passages 10, thus a lubricating layer is formed on the friction surface and the lubricant is stored in the first cavity 7. As shown in FIG. 2, the axle box body 13 is provided with second oil injection channels 11 leading to a sliding mechanism. When the track width of the wheel 1 changes, the sliding mechanism moves with the wheel 1, and the sliding mechanism moves relative to the axle box body 13, and a friction surface is formed between the axle box body 13 and the sliding mechanism. The lubricant is injected into the second oil injection channels 11 to lubricate between the axle box body 13 and the sliding mechanism, thus forming a lubricating layer, and the lubricant is stored in the third cavity 9. When the wheel 1 moves, the sliding mechanism moves along the axis 2. Similarly, there is the friction surface between the sliding mechanism and the axis 2. The joint between the sliding mechanism and the axis 2 is covered with grease to lubricate the sliding mechanism and the axis 2, thus a lubricating layer is formed, and the lubricant is stored in the second cavity 8. In a state where the wheel 1 does not change track width, the lubricant is stored in the corresponding cavities, while the sliding mechanism moves during the process of changing the track width of wheel 1, the volume of each cavity changes, the lubricant is squeezed out and flows out, covering the corresponding friction surfaces with the formation of a lubricating layer that performs the function of lubricating and protecting the friction surfaces contributing to the improvement lubrication efficiency to reduce wear on key wear-prone parts, thereby extending the overall life of the variable gauge wheelset.

[0035] In an embodiment of the present application, in particular, the sliding mechanism comprises an inner sleeve 3, this inner sleeve 3 is in a clearance fit on the axle 2, and one end of the inner sleeve 3 facing the wheel 1 extends beyond the axle box body 13 and is tightly connected to the wheel 1 by fasteners. A space for changing the track gauge is left between the outgoing end of the inner bushing 3 and the axle 2 to ensure that when the track width changes, the inner bushing 3 has sufficient distance to move along axis 2 without obstructing the axis 2. The space for changing the track gauge forms the second cavity 8. More specifically, the axis 2 is made in the form of a stepped shaft with a diameter in the middle part greater than the diameters at both ends. The wheels 1 are provided on the intermediate shaft of the stepped shaft and are respectively disposed at both ends of the intermediate shaft, and a sliding mechanism is provided on the two end shafts of the stepped shaft. The end of the inner sleeve 3, connected to the wheel 1, is made in the form of a stepped channel widened outward. The inner diameter of the larger channel of the stepped channel is matched to the outer diameter of the intermediate shaft of the stepped channel, and the inner diameter of the smaller channel of the stepped channel is matched to the inner diameters of both end shafts of the stepped shaft; while the space for changing the track width is left between the large channel of the stepped channel and the shoulder of the stepped shaft to form the second cavity 8. Before installing the sliding mechanism, the lubricant is first applied to the corresponding area in the inner sleeve 3 or on the outer side of the axle 2, and the inner sleeve 3 is then clutch connection is connected to axle 2 and connected to wheel 1. Since the grease has a certain fluidity, excess grease is stored in the second cavity 8. During the process of changing the track gauge, the grease is squeezed out and flows, covering the friction surface between the inner sleeve 3 and the axle 2, thereby forming a lubricating layer that has the function of reducing friction and protecting the inner sleeve 3 and axle 2.

[0036] In an embodiment of the present application, the sliding mechanism further comprises a rolling bearing 4 and an outer sleeve 5. The inner sleeve 3, the rolling bearing 4 and the outer sleeve 5 are coupled tightly in a coupling from the inside to the outside in sequence. When the wheel 1 rotates, the inner sleeve 3 and the inner ring of the rolling bearing 4 rotate with the wheel 1, the outer sleeve 5 and the outer ring of the rolling bearing 4 remain relatively stationary, and the outer sleeve 5 is in a clearance fit on the inner surface of the axle box housing 13 to facilitate movement the outer sleeve 5, the inner sleeve 3 and the rolling bearing 4 as a whole along the housing 13 of the axle box. The space for allowing the sliding mechanism to move is left between the outer end surface of the outer sleeve 5 and the outer end cover of the axle box body 13, thus forming a third cavity 9 for filling with grease for lubrication between the outer sleeve 5 and the axle box body 13.

[0037] In an embodiment of the present application, opposite sides on the outside of the outer sleeve 5 are respectively provided with projections axially extending along the outer sleeve 5, and a plurality of grooves are spaced along the length direction of the projections; the inner wall of the axle box body 13 is provided with concave arcuate surfaces corresponding to the grooves in a one-to-one ratio; locking pins are provided in the locking spaces formed by the grooves and concave arcuate surfaces in the axle box housing 13, and the track width of the wheel 1 is changed by inserting the locking pins into the locking spaces formed by the grooves and concave arcuate surfaces and switching between the plurality of locking spaces under the action of an external force. In an embodiment in which the locking pin is inserted into the locking space, a part of the locking pin is located in the groove and the other part corresponds to the concave arcuate surface, and the outer sleeve 5 is fixed in place relative to the locking box body 13, at which time the wheel 1 is locked in place about axis 2; when the track gauge needs to be changed, the locking pin is released from the locking space by an external force to unlock. In the present embodiment, it is preferable to use an upward force to remove the locking pin from the locking space; meanwhile, the wheels 1 are pushed to move outward or inward along the axis 2, and then the sliding mechanism is driven integrally with respect to the axle box body 13 and the locking pins. When the locking space corresponding to the track gauge to be changed is moved to a position directly below the locking pin, the locking pin is inserted into the locking space by its own gravity and downward force, thus the wheel 1's track width changes completely. The axle box body 13 is also provided with third oil injection channels 12 communicating with the concave arcuate surfaces to facilitate the injection of lubricant from the third oil injection channels 12 into the concave arcuate surfaces of the axle box body 13 to lubricate the locking pin and the lock space in which the body 13 is located. axleboxes, and thus reduce the friction between the axlebox housing 13 and the outer sleeve 5 when the locking pin moves up and down.

[0038] In an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 2, to simplify the arrangement of the third oil injection port 12, a third oil injection port 12 is provided on the side wall of the axle box body 13 corresponding to the locking pin. Grease injected from the third oil injection ports 12 can flow and fill the entire blockage space between the concave arcuate surface and the grooves of the outer sleeve 5.

[0039] In an embodiment of the present application, as shown in FIG. 2, the axle box body 13 is provided with an axial through bore 51 on the inside, sliding with the outer sleeve, and the second oil injection port 11 is located vertically in the upper and / or lower part of the axle box body 13 and communicates with the axial through bore 51 to facilitate injection grease from the upper part of the axle box body 13 from top to bottom to lubricate between the axle box body 13 and the outer sleeve 5. Of course, it is also possible to inject grease from the bottom of the axle box body 13 from the bottom up to lubricate between the axle box body 13 and the outer sleeve 5. For complete filling the spaces between the axle box body 13 and the outer sleeve 5, the second oil injection channels 11 are simultaneously provided in the upper and lower part of the axle box body 13. To improve the injection efficiency, a plurality of second oil injection ports 11 may be provided in the upper and lower portions of the axle box body 13.

[0040] In an embodiment of the present application, to facilitate the storage of the lubricant, an oil storage tank is provided in the radial direction of the axle 2 between the inner side of the wheel 1 and the sealing structure 6, and a first cavity 7 is formed between the inner side of the wheel 1, the oil storage tank and the sealing structure 6.

[0041] In an embodiment of the present application, in particular, the sealing structure 6 comprises an outer ring, an inner ring, and an elastic sleeve. The inner diameter of the outer ring is larger than the outer diameter of the inner ring. One end of the elastic sleeve is fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the outer ring, the other end of the elastic sleeve is fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the inner ring, and the outer ring can drive the elastic sleeve relative to the inner ring. The outer ring is made with the possibility of a fixed coupling connection with the hub of the wheel 1, and the inner ring is made with the possibility of a fixed coupling connection with the axle 2. When the track width changes, the outer ring moves together with the wheel 1. The elastic sleeve moves with the outer ring, using the variability and the possibility of recovery its shape, while the inner ring is fixed, which solves the problem of sealing during the relative sliding of wheel 1 and axle 2 when changing the track gauge. The first cavity 7 is formed between the outer ring, the elastic bushing, the inner ring, the hub of the wheel 1 and the oil storage tank of the axle 2. The lubricant is stored in the first cavity 7 to maintain continuous lubrication between the wheel 1 and the axle 2, thus eliminating the wear of the seals caused by the relative movement between the inner ring and the outer ring, and the sealing performance is good, there is no leakage.

[0042] In an embodiment of the present application, the inner circumference of the wheel 1 is provided with internal splines, both ends of the axle 2 are provided with external splines, while the wheels 1 and both ends of the axle 2 are mated and connected by means of internal splines and external splines to facilitate not only the transmission of torque but also the movement of the wheels 1. The outlet of the first oil injection port 10 is located in a groove between two adjacent spline teeth of the inner splines to facilitate storage of the lubricant after injection and also to form a lubricating layer when the inner and outer splines are in mesh. The arrangement of the first oil injection ports 10 on the spline teeth of the inner spline should be avoided in order to reduce the weakening of the strength of the inner splines due to the first oil injection port 10.

[0043] As shown in FIG. 3, in an embodiment of the present application, a plurality of first oil injection ports 10 are provided, and a plurality of first oil injection ports 10 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the surface of the inner side of the wheel 1, so that regardless of the method by which the wheel 1 is installed, grease can be injected through the first oil injection port 10 at a suitable angle. As shown in FIG. 4, the first oil injection passages 10 are inclined towards the junction between the wheel 1 and the axle 2 from the surface of the inner side of the wheel 1 to facilitate the flow of lubricant into the junction between the wheel 1 and the axle 2 for lubrication.

[0044] In an embodiment of the present application, each of the first oil injection port 10, the second oil injection port 11, and the third oil injection port 12 is provided with an internally threaded portion at its inlet, and the inlet of each oil injection port is sealed by screwing the male-threaded fasteners into the corresponding female-threaded portion to prevent the lubricant from escaping from the oil injection passages when the vehicle is moving at high speed, thus providing a reliable seal. The arrangement of each oil injection port makes it easy to maintain the level and add lubricant at any time.

[0045] Another embodiment of the present application also provides a variable track wheelset comprising the variable track wheelset lubrication structure described in the above-mentioned technical solutions. Wear on key wear-prone parts, such as the spaces between wheel 1 and axle 2, inner bush 3 and axle 2, and outer bush 5 and axle housing 13, is reduced and thus the overall service life of the variable gauge wheelset is increased.

[0046] According to the embodiments described above, due to the storage of the lubricant in the respective cavities while the sliding mechanism moves during the wheel track changing process, the volume of each cavity changes and the lubricant is squeezed out and flows, covering the friction surfaces to form a lubricating layer that serves to lubricate and protect friction surfaces to reduce wear on key wear-prone parts, thus extending the overall life of the variable gauge wheelset.

[0047] The embodiments described above are only preferred embodiments of the present application and are not intended to limit the present application. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc., which fall within the spirit and principles of this application, should be included in the protection scope of this application.

Claims (12)

1. Design for lubrication for a wheelset with a variable track gauge, characterized in that it contains wheels, axle and sliding mechanisms; the wheels are provided with the ability to slide at both ends of the axle and the sliding mechanisms are respectively connected to the outer sides of the wheels and are located in the cases of the axle boxes at both ends of the axle; and the wheels are unlocked and locked by means of sliding mechanisms; wherein the sealing structure is provided between the inner side of the wheel and the axle, the first cavity is formed between the inner side of the wheel, the axle and the sealing structure, the second cavity is formed between the outer side of the wheel and the sliding mechanism, and the third cavity is formed between the sliding mechanism and the axle box body; wherein the wheel is provided with first oil injection channels leading to the connection between the wheel and the axle, and the axle box body is provided with second oil injection channels leading to the sliding mechanism. 2. The design for lubrication for a wheelset with a variable track gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that the sliding mechanism contains an inner sleeve, while the inner sleeve is in a fit with a clearance on the axle and one end of the inner sleeve facing the wheel extends beyond the limits of the axle box body and is tightly connected to the wheel; the space for changing the track gauge is left between the outgoing end of the inner sleeve and the axle, and the space for changing the track width forms the second cavity. 3. Design for lubrication for a wheelset with a variable track gauge according to claim 2, characterized in that the sliding mechanism further comprises a rolling bearing and an outer sleeve; wherein the inner sleeve, the rolling bearing and the outer sleeve are tightly connected by a coupling joint in sequence from the inside to the outside, and the outer sleeve is in a clearance fit on the inner surface of the axle box body; and a third cavity is formed between the outer end surface of the outer sleeve and the outer end cover of the axle box body. 4. The structure for lubrication for a wheelset with a variable track gauge according to claim 3, characterized in that opposite sides outside the outer sleeve are respectively provided with projections extending axially along the outer sleeve, and a plurality of grooves are spaced along the direction of the projection length; wherein the inner wall of the axle box body is provided with concave arcuate surfaces corresponding to the grooves in a one to one ratio, locking pins are provided in the locking spaces formed by grooves and concave arcuate surfaces in the axle box body, and the axle box body is also provided with third oil injection channels communicating with the concave arched surfaces. 5. The structure for lubrication for a wheelset with a variable gauge according to claim 4, characterized in that the third oil injection channel is provided on the side wall of the axle box housing corresponding to the locking pin. 6. The design for lubrication for a wheelset with a variable track gauge according to claim 3, characterized in that the axle box body is provided with an axial through channel inside, sliding with the outer sleeve, and the second oil injection channel is located vertically in the upper and / or the lower part of the axlebox housing and communicates with the axial through channel. 7. The structure for lubrication for a wheelset with a variable track gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that the oil storage tank is provided in the radial direction of the axle between the inner side of the wheel and the sealing structure, and the first cavity is formed between the inner side of the wheel, the storage tank oil and sealing structure. 8. A structure for lubrication for a wheelset with a variable gauge according to claim 7, wherein the sealing structure comprises an outer ring, an inner ring and an elastic bushing; wherein the inner diameter of the outer ring is greater than the outer diameter of the inner ring; wherein one end of the elastic sleeve is fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the outer ring, the other end of the elastic sleeve is fixedly connected to the outer circumference of the inner ring, and the outer ring can drive the elastic sleeve relative to the inner ring; wherein the outer ring is made with the possibility of a stationary coupling connection with the wheel hub and the inner ring is made with the possibility of a stationary coupling connection with the axle, and the first cavity is formed between the outer ring, the elastic sleeve, the inner ring, the wheel hub and the axle oil storage tank. 9. The design for lubrication for a wheelset with a variable track gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner circumference of the wheel is provided with internal splines, both ends of the axle are provided with external splines, while the wheels and both ends of the axle are docked and connected by means of internal splines and of the outer splines and the outlet of the first oil injection port is located in a groove between two adjacent splines of the inner splines. 10. The structure for lubrication for a wheelset with a variable gauge according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of said first oil injection channels are provided, and a plurality of first oil injection channels are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the inner side of the wheel, and the first the oil injection channels are inclined towards the connection between the wheel and the axle from the surface of the inner side of the wheel. 11. The structure for lubrication for a wheelset with a variable gauge according to claim 4, characterized in that each of the first oil injection port, the second oil injection port and the third oil injection port is provided with an internally threaded portion at its inlet, and the inlet of each oil injection port is sealed by screwing the male thread fasteners into the corresponding female thread portion. 12. Wheelset with variable gauge, containing a structure for lubrication for wheelset with variable gauge according to any one of paragraphs. 1-11.

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