JP2022508785A - Lubrication structure for variable gauge wheel set and variable gauge wheel set - Google Patents

Abstract

The present disclosure provides a lubrication structure and a variable gauge wheel set for a variable gauge wheel set in the art of changing the gauge of a railroad vehicle. The lubrication structure includes wheels, axles and slide mechanisms, the wheels are slidably provided at both ends of the axle, the slide mechanisms are connected to the outside of each wheel and located inside the axle box at both ends of the axle. The wheel is unlocked and locked by the slide mechanism, a seal structure is provided between the inside of the wheel and the axle, and a first is provided between the inside of the wheel and the axle and the seal structure. A cavity is formed, a second cavity is formed between the outside of the wheel and the slide mechanism, a third cavity is formed between the slide mechanism and the axle box body, and the wheel has a cavity. A first lubrication hole leading to a connection point between the wheel and the axle is provided, and the axle box body is provided with a second lubrication hole leading to the slide mechanism. According to the present disclosure, it is possible to increase the lubrication of the friction surface, reduce the wear of the main wear-prone parts, and improve the life of the entire variable gauge wheel set. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Description

Cross-reference

This application is the priority of the Chinese patent application filed on January 02, 2019, the application number is 201910002745.4 and the title of the invention is "lubricating structure for variable gauge wheel set and variable gauge wheel set". Is claimed, the whole of which is incorporated herein by reference.

The present disclosure relates to the technical field of changing the gauge of a railroad vehicle, and particularly to a lubricating structure for a variable gauge wheel set and a variable gauge wheel set.

Cross-border passenger and freight transport has grown rapidly in recent years with the rapid development of global economic integration, but cross-border rail transport is serious due to the different rail gauges in each country. It is causing various obstacles. To solve this problem, a variable gauge wheel set has been proposed. That is, when a train travels on a railroad in another country, it adapts to the gauge of the railroad in another country by changing the distance between the wheels in its own wheel set.

During the track change process, the slide mechanism in the wheel set slides with respect to the axle as it is pressed by the ground guide rail, causing relative friction between the wheel and the axle, and between the slip mechanism and the axle, resulting in major wear. It is necessary to adopt a lubrication design in easy places.

The embodiments of the present disclosure are intended to solve at least one of the technical problems present in the prior art or related art.

It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a lubrication structure and a variable gauge wheel set for a variable gauge wheel set that reduces wear in major wear-prone areas and improves the life of the entire variable gauge wheel set.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a lubrication structure for a variable gauge wheel set. The lubrication structure comprises wheels, axles, and slide mechanisms, the wheels are slidably provided at both ends of the axle, each of which is connected to the outside of the wheel and of the axle. Located inside the axle box at both ends, the wheel is unlocked and locked by the slide mechanism, a seal structure is provided between the inside of the wheel and the axle, and the inside of the wheel and the axle and A first cavity is formed between the seal structure, a second cavity is formed between the outside of the wheel and the slide mechanism, and a third cavity is formed between the slide mechanism and the axle box body. A cavity is formed, the wheel is provided with a first lubrication hole leading to a connection point between the wheel and the axle, and the axle box body is provided with a second lubrication hole leading to the slide mechanism.

In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the slide mechanism comprises an inner sleeve, the inner sleeve is gap-fitted to the axle, and the inner sleeve extends from the axle box towards one end of the wheel. It is fastened and connected to the wheel, a gap change space is left between the extended end of the inner sleeve and the axle, and the track change space forms the second cavity.

In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the slide mechanism further comprises a rolling bearing and an outer sleeve, the inner sleeve, the rolling bearing and the outer sleeve are firmly fitted and connected in order from the inside to the outside, and the outer sleeve is connected to the outer sleeve. It is gap-fitted to the inner surface of the axle box body, and the third cavity is formed between the outer end surface of the outer sleeve and the outer end cover of the axle box body.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, bosses extending along the outer sleeve axial direction are provided on opposite sides of the outer sleeve, and a plurality of concave grooves are provided at intervals along the length direction of the boss. An inner concave arc surface corresponding to the concave groove on the inner wall of the axle box body is provided on a one-to-one basis, and a lock pin is provided in a lock space limited by the concave groove and the inner concave arc surface of the axle box body. Is provided, and the axle box body is further provided with a third lubrication hole communicating with the inner concave arc surface.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the third lubrication hole is provided on the side wall of the axle box body corresponding to the lock pin.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, the inside of the axle box is provided with an axial through hole that is slidably fitted to the outer sleeve, and the second lubrication hole is from the top and / or the bottom of the axle box. It is provided vertically and communicates with the axial through hole.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, an oil storage groove is provided in the radial direction of a portion of the axle located between the inside of the wheel and the seal structure, and the inside of the wheel, the oil storage groove, and the seal structure are provided. The first cavity is formed between the two.

In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the seal structure comprises an outer ring, an inner ring and an elastic sleeve, the inner diameter of the outer ring is larger than the outer diameter of the inner ring, and one end of the elastic sleeve is fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the outer ring. The other end of the elastic sleeve is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the inner ring, the outer ring can move the elastic sleeve and move with respect to the inner ring, and the outer ring is fixed to the wheel hub of the wheel. Used for outer fitting, the inner ring is used for fixed outer fitting to the axle, between the outer ring, the elastic sleeve, the inner ring, the wheel hub of the wheel, and the oil storage groove of the axle. , The first cavity is formed.

In the embodiments of the present disclosure, an inner spline is provided on the inner circumference of the wheel, an outer spline is provided at both ends of the axle, and both ends of the wheel and the axle are fitted by the inner spline and the outer spline. Connected, the outlet of the first lubrication hole is located in a groove between two adjacent spline teeth of the inner spline.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, a plurality of the first lubrication holes are provided, and the plurality of the first lubrication holes are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the inner surface of the wheel, and the first lubrication holes, the said. It is installed at an angle from the inner surface of the wheel toward the connection point between the wheel and the axle.

In the embodiments of the present disclosure, female thread sections are provided at the inlets of the first lubrication hole, the second lubrication hole, and the third lubrication hole, and the male thread fastener is attached to the corresponding female thread section. By screwing, a seal is realized for the inlet of each lubrication hole.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure provides a variable gauge wheel set with a lubrication structure for the variable gauge wheel set described in the above technical proposal.

The above-mentioned technical proposal of the present disclosure has the following advantages as compared with the prior art.

The embodiments of the present disclosure provide a lubrication structure for a variable gauge wheel set. The lubrication structure comprises wheels, axles, and slide mechanisms, the wheels are slidably provided at both ends of the axle, each of which is connected to the outside of the wheel and of the axle. Located inside the axle box at both ends, the wheel is unlocked and locked by the slide mechanism, a seal structure is provided between the inside of the wheel and the axle, and the inside of the wheel and the axle and A first cavity is formed between the seal structure, a second cavity is formed between the outside of the wheel and the slide mechanism, and a third cavity is formed between the slide mechanism and the axle box body. A cavity is formed, and the wheel is provided with a first lubrication hole leading to a connection point between the wheel and the axle. In this way, by injecting grease into the first lubrication hole, the wheel and the axle are provided. The connection point with the axle is lubricated, and the grease is stored in the first cavity. The axle box body is provided with a second lubrication hole leading to the slide mechanism, and by injecting grease into the second lubrication hole in this way, the slide mechanism and the axle box body can be separated from each other. Lubricate and store the grease in the third cavity. Grease is applied to the fitting portion between the slide mechanism and the axle to lubricate between the slide mechanism and the axle, and the grease is stored in the second cavity. When the wheels are not gauge converted, grease is stored in the corresponding cavities, and in the process of wheel gauge conversion, the slide mechanism moves, the volume of each cavity changes, and the grease is pressed and washed away. The friction surface is filled to form a lubricating layer. This serves to lubricate and protect the friction surface, reduce wear in the main wear-prone areas and improve the life of the entire variable gauge wheel set.

In addition, a first lubrication hole and a second lubrication hole are provided so that maintenance and replenishment of grease can be performed at any time.

It is an axial sectional view of a part of the lubrication structure for the variable gauge wheel set which concerns on embodiment of this disclosure. It is a cross-sectional view of the axle box body which concerns on embodiment of this disclosure. It is a schematic diagram of the wheel which concerns on embodiment of this disclosure. It is sectional drawing of BB of FIG.

Hereinafter, specific embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are for illustration purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of this disclosure.

In the description of the present disclosure, "center", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal" The orientation or positional relationship indicated by terms such as "top", "bottom", "inside", and "outside" is an orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and the implementation of the present disclosure is convenient. The present disclosure is of the present disclosure as it is for illustration purposes only and is not intended to express or imply that the indicated device or element is always in a particular orientation and is configured and operated in a particular orientation. It should not be understood as a limitation to the examples. It should be noted that terms such as "first", "second", and "third" are for illustration purposes only and should not be understood to express or imply relative importance.

Unless expressly specified and limited in the description of the present disclosure, the meanings of the terms "attachment", "connecting to each other", and "connecting" should be broadly understood. For example, it can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integrated connection, a mechanical connection, an electrical connection, a direct connection, or an indirect connection to each other via an intermediate medium. It is also possible to connect or communicate inside the two elements. Those skilled in the art can understand the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present disclosure depending on the specific circumstances.

In the description of the embodiments of the present disclosure, unless otherwise specified, "plurality", "plurality", and "plurality" mean two or two or more.

As shown in FIG. 1, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a lubrication structure for a variable gauge wheel set. The lubrication structure includes a wheel 1, an axle 2, and a slide mechanism, the wheel 1 is slidably provided at both ends of the axle 2, and the slide mechanism is connected to the outside of the wheel 1, respectively. At the same time, the wheel 1 is unlocked and locked by the slide mechanism, and is located in the axle box body 13 at both ends of the axle 2. The seal structure 6 is provided between the inside of the wheel 1 and the axle 2. A first cavity 7 is formed between the inside of the wheel 1 and the axle 2 and the seal structure 6, and a second cavity 8 is formed between the outside of the wheel 1 and the slide mechanism. A third cavity 9 is formed between the slide mechanism and the axle box body 13. As shown in FIG. 3, the wheel 1 is provided with a first lubrication hole 10 leading to a connection point between the wheel 1 and the axle 2. In this way, when the wheel 1 changes the track, the wheel 1 is provided. Moves with respect to the axle 2, and becomes a friction surface between the wheel 1 and the axle 2. By injecting grease into the first lubrication hole 10, the connection point between the wheel 1 and the axle 2 is lubricated. A lubricating layer is formed on the friction surface, and the grease is stored in the first cavity 7. As shown in FIG. 2, the axle box body 13 is provided with a second lubrication hole 11 leading to the slide mechanism. Thus, when the wheel 1 changes the track, the slide mechanism is provided together with the wheel 1. It moves, moves with respect to the axle box body 13, and a friction surface is formed with the axle box body 13. By injecting grease into the second lubrication hole 11, the slide mechanism and the axle box body 13 are lubricated to form a lubricating layer, and the grease is stored in the third cavity 9. When the wheel 1 moves, the slide mechanism moves along the axle 2. Similarly, a friction surface is formed between the slide mechanism and the axle 2, grease is applied to the fitting portion between the slide mechanism and the axle 2, and lubrication is performed between the slide mechanism and the axle 2. , A lubricating layer is formed and grease is stored in the second cavity 8. In the state where the wheel 1 is not changed, grease is stored in the corresponding cavity, and in the process where the wheel 1 is changed, the slide mechanism moves, the volume of each cavity changes, and the grease presses and flows. And the corresponding friction surface is filled to form a lubricating layer. This serves to lubricate and protect the friction surface, which is advantageous for improving lubrication efficiency, reduces wear at major wear-prone areas, and improves the life of the entire variable gauge wheel set.

In the embodiments of the present disclosure, passages 14, 15 and 16 for communicating the cavities 7, 8 and 9 are provided, whereby the pressure strength in the cavities 7, 8 and 9 is similarly ensured.

Specifically, in the embodiments of the present disclosure, the slide mechanism includes an inner sleeve 3, the inner sleeve 3 is gap-fitted to the axle 2, and the inner sleeve 3 is the shaft toward one end of the wheel 1. When extending from the box body 13 and fastening and connecting to the wheel 1 by a fastener, a gap change space is left between the extended end of the inner sleeve 3 and the axle 2, and thus when the track change is performed. The inner sleeve 3 is ensured to have a sufficient distance to move along the axle 2 without interfering with the axle 2. The second cavity 8 is formed by the gauge changing space. Specifically, the axle 2 is provided as a stepped shaft having an intermediate diameter larger than the diameters at both ends, and the wheel 1 is provided on the intermediate shaft of the stepped shaft and is provided at both ends of the intermediate shaft, respectively. The slide mechanism is provided on both ends of the stepped shaft. One end of the inner sleeve 3 connected to the wheel 1 is provided as a stepped hole that expands outward, and the inner diameter of the large hole of the stepped hole matches the outer diameter of the intermediate shaft of the stepped shaft. The inner diameter of the small hole of the stepped hole matches the inner diameter of both ends of the stepped shaft. The second cavity 8 is formed by providing the gauge changing space between the large hole of the stepped hole and the shoulder of the stepped shaft. Before attaching the slide mechanism, grease is first applied to the corresponding portion inside the inner sleeve 3 or outside the axle 2, and then the inner sleeve 3 is fitted onto the axle 2 and connected to the wheel 1. The grease has a constant fluidity, excess grease is stored in the second cavity 8, and in the process of changing the gauge, the grease is pressed and washed away to fill the friction surface between the inner sleeve 3 and the axle 2. It serves to form a lubricating layer, reduce friction and protect the inner sleeve 3 and axle 2.

In the embodiments of the present disclosure, the slide mechanism further includes a rolling bearing 4 and an outer sleeve 5, and the inner sleeve 3, the rolling bearing 4 and the outer sleeve 5 are firmly fitted and connected in order from the inside to the outside, and the wheels are connected. When 1 rotates, the inner ring of the inner sleeve 3 and the rolling bearing 4 rotates together with the wheel 1, the outer ring 5 of the outer sleeve 5 and the outer ring of the rolling bearing 4 are held relatively fixed, and the outer sleeve 5 is the axle box body 13. It is gap-fitted to the inner surface, whereby the outer sleeve 5, the inner sleeve 3, and the entire rolling bearing 4 can easily move along the axle box body 13. A space for the slide mechanism to move is left between the outer end surface of the outer sleeve 5 and the outer end cover of the axle box body 13, so that grease is filled between the outer end sleeve 5 and the axle box body 13. The third cavity 9 used to lubricate is formed.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, bosses extending along the axial direction of the outer sleeve 5 are provided on both opposite sides of the outer sleeve 5 so as to be spaced apart from each other along the longitudinal direction of the boss. A groove is provided, and an inner concave arc surface corresponding to the concave groove one-to-one is provided on the inner wall of the axle box body 13, and is limited by the concave groove and the inner concave arc surface of the axle box body 13. A lock pin is provided in a portion located in the lock space, the lock pin is inserted into the lock space limited by the concave groove and the inner concave arc surface, and the lock pin is inserted between the plurality of lock spaces by the action of an external force. By switching with, the track of wheel 1 can be changed. Specifically, when the lock pin is inserted into the lock space, a part thereof is located in the concave groove, the other part is fitted to the inner concave arc surface, and the outer sleeve 5 is attached to the axle box body 13. The position is fixed and the lock is realized. At this time, the position of the wheel 1 is fixed with respect to the axle 2. When it is necessary to change the gauge, the lock pin is released from the locked space where it is located by the action of an external force, and unlocking is realized. In this embodiment, it is preferable to disengage the lock pin from the lock space by an upward thrust, and at this time, the wheel 1 is pushed to move outward or inward along the axle 2, and accordingly, the slide mechanism. When the whole is moved to the axle box body 13 and the lock pin, and the lock space corresponding to the changed rail is moved to just below the lock pin, the lock pin is the action of its own gravity and downward force. Is inserted into the lock space, and the track change of the wheel 1 is completed. The axle box body 13 is further provided with a third lubrication hole 12 communicating with the inner concave arc surface, so that grease can be easily injected from the third lubrication hole 12 into the inner concave arc surface of the axle box body 13. Therefore, the lock pin and the lock space in which the lock pin is located are lubricated, and the friction between the axle box body 13 and the outer sleeve 5 when the lock pin is moved up and down is reduced.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG. 2, in order to facilitate the installation of the third lubrication hole 12, the third lubrication hole 12 is a side wall of the axle box body 13 corresponding to the lock pin. The grease injected from the third lubrication hole 12 can flow and cover the entire lock space between the inner concave arc surface and the concave groove of the outer sleeve 5.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, as shown in FIG. 2, an axial through hole 51 slidably fitted to the outer sleeve 5 is provided in the axle box body 13, and the second lubrication hole 11 is provided. Is provided vertically from the top and / or bottom of the axle box 13 and communicates with the axial through hole 51, whereby grease is injected from top to bottom from the top of the axle box 13 to the axle box. It facilitates lubrication between the body 13 and the outer sleeve 5. Of course, grease may be injected from the bottom to the top of the axle box 13 to lubricate between the axle box 13 and the outer sleeve 5. A second lubrication hole 11 may be provided at the top and bottom of the axle box 13 at the same time in order to cover the entire space between the axle box 13 and the outer sleeve 5, in order to improve the injection efficiency. A plurality of second lubrication holes 11 may be provided at the top and bottom of the axle box body 13 at the same time.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, in order to facilitate the storage of grease, an oil storage groove is provided in the radial direction of the portion of the axle 2 located between the inside of the wheel 1 and the seal structure 6. The first cavity 7 is formed between the inside of the wheel 1, the oil storage groove, and the seal structure 6.

In the embodiments of the present disclosure, specifically, the seal structure 6 includes an outer ring, an inner ring, and an elastic sleeve, the inner diameter of the outer ring is larger than the outer diameter of the inner ring, and the elastic sleeve has one end inside the outer ring. It is fixedly connected to the circumference, the other end is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the inner ring, and the outer ring is movable with respect to the inner ring by moving the elastic sleeve. The outer ring is used for being fixedly fitted to the wheel hub of the wheel 1, and the inner ring is used for being fixedly fitted to the axle 2 when changing the gauge. Moves with the wheel 1, and the elastic sleeve moves with the outer ring by utilizing the variability and resilience of its shape, and the inner ring is fixed without moving, so that the wheel 1 and the axle 2 are separated when the gauge is changed. Solved the sealing problem in the process of relatively sliding. The first cavity 7 is formed between the outer ring, the elastic sleeve, the inner ring, the wheel hub of the wheel 1, and the oil storage groove of the axle 2, and thus the wheel 1 and the axle 2 By storing grease in the first cavity 7 so that lubrication is always maintained, wear of the sealing member due to relative movement between the inner ring and the outer ring is avoided, and sealing performance is also maintained. Excellent and no leakage.

In the embodiment of the present disclosure, an inner spline is provided on the inner circumference of the wheel 1, an outer spline is provided at both ends of the axle 2, and both ends of the wheel 1 and the axle 2 are provided by an inner spline and an outer spline. By being fitted and connected, the torque is easily transmitted and the wheel 1 is easily moved. The outlet of the first lubrication hole 10 is located in a groove between two adjacent spline teeth of the inner spline, thereby facilitating storage after grease injection and providing a lubricating layer when the splines engage. It becomes easy to form. It should be avoided to provide the first lubrication hole 10 in the spline teeth of the inner spline so as to reduce the weakening of the strength of the inner spline due to the first lubrication hole 10.

As shown in FIG. 3, in the embodiment of the present disclosure, a plurality of the first lubrication holes 10 are provided, and the plurality of the first lubrication holes 10 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the inner surface of the wheel 1. By doing so, grease is injected into the first lubrication hole 10 having an appropriate angle regardless of the stop mode of the wheel 1. As shown in FIG. 4, the first lubrication hole 10 is provided so as to be inclined from the inner side surface of the wheel 1 toward the connection point between the wheel 1 and the axle 2, so that grease can be applied to the wheel 1 and the axle 2. It will flow into the connection point of the wheel and it will be easier to lubricate.

In the embodiments of the present disclosure, female thread sections are provided at the inlets of the first lubrication hole 10, the second lubrication hole 11, and the third lubrication hole 12, and a female thread fastener is provided with a female thread segment corresponding to the male thread fastener. By screwing it into the lubrication hole, the inlet of each lubrication hole is sealed, which prevents the grease from being shaken off from the lubrication hole when the vehicle is operated at high speed, and ensures the sealing action. Installation of each lubrication hole makes it easier to maintain and replenish grease at any time.

Another embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a variable gauge wheel set with a lubrication structure for the variable gauge wheel set described in the above technical proposal. A variable gauge wheel set that reduces wear in major wear-prone areas, such as between wheels 1 and axles 2, between inner sleeves 3 and axles 2, and between outer sleeves 5 and axle boxes 13. Improves overall life.

As can be seen from the above embodiments, in the present disclosure, by storing the grease in the corresponding cavities, the slide mechanism moves, the volume of each cavity changes, and the grease presses in the process of changing the track of the wheel. It is flushed and filled on the friction surface to form a lubricating layer, which serves to lubricate and protect the friction surface. This reduces wear in the main wear-prone areas and improves the overall life of the variable gauge wheel set.

The content described above is merely a preferred embodiment of the present disclosure and does not limit the present disclosure, any changes, equivalent exchanges, improvements, etc. implemented within the spirit and principles of the present disclosure. Should be included in the scope of protection of this disclosure.

1: Wheels, 2: Axles, 3: Inner sleeves, 4: Rolling bearings, 5: Outer sleeves, 51: Axial through holes, 6: Seal structure, 7: First cavity, 8: Second cavity, 9 : 3rd cavity, 10: 1st lubrication hole, 11: 2nd lubrication hole, 12: 3rd lubrication hole, 13: axle box body, 14, 15, 16: passage.

Claims (12)

Equipped with wheels, axles, and slide mechanism,
The wheels are slidably provided at both ends of the axle, the slide mechanisms are connected to the outside of the wheels, and are located inside the axle box at both ends of the axle, and the wheels slide. Unlocking and locking are realized by the mechanism,
A seal structure is provided between the inside of the wheel and the axle, a first cavity is formed between the inside of the wheel and the axle and the seal structure, and the outside of the wheel and the slide mechanism. A second cavity is formed between them, and a third cavity is formed between the slide mechanism and the axle box body.
The wheel is provided with a first lubrication hole leading to a connection point between the wheel and the axle, and the axle box body is provided with a second lubrication hole leading to the slide mechanism. Lubricating structure for variable wheel sets. The slide mechanism comprises an inner sleeve, the inner sleeve being gap-fitted to the axle, the inner sleeve extending from the axle box towards one end of the wheel and fastened and connected to the wheel. The variable gauge wheel set according to claim 1, wherein a gauge changing space is left between the extended end of the inner sleeve and the axle, and the second cavity is formed by the gauge changing space. Lubricating structure. The slide mechanism further includes a rolling bearing and an outer sleeve, and the inner sleeve, the rolling bearing, and the outer sleeve are firmly fitted and connected in order from the inside to the outside, and the outer sleeve is attached to the inner surface of the axle box body. The variable gauge wheel set according to claim 2, wherein the third cavity is formed by gap fitting and between the outer end surface of the outer sleeve and the outer end cover of the axle box body. Lubricating structure. Bosses extending along the outer sleeve axial direction are provided on both opposite sides of the outer sleeve, and a plurality of concave grooves are provided at intervals along the length direction of the boss to provide the axle box body. An inner concave arc surface corresponding to the concave groove one-to-one is provided on the inner wall, and a lock pin is provided in a lock space limited by the concave groove and the inner concave arc surface of the axle box body. The lubrication structure for a variable gauge wheel set according to claim 3, wherein the body is further provided with a third lubrication hole communicating with the inner concave arc surface. The lubrication structure for a variable gauge wheel set according to claim 4, wherein the third lubrication hole is provided on the side wall of the axle box body corresponding to the lock pin. An axial through hole is provided in the axle box body to be slidably fitted to the outer sleeve, and the second lubrication hole is provided vertically from the top and / or bottom of the axle box body and the shaft. The lubrication structure for a variable gauge wheel set according to claim 3, wherein the lubrication structure communicates with a directional through hole. An oil storage groove is provided in the radial direction of a portion of the axle located between the inside of the wheel and the seal structure, and the first oil storage groove is provided between the inside of the wheel, the oil storage groove, and the seal structure. The lubrication structure for a variable gauge wheel set according to claim 1, wherein the cavity is formed. The seal structure comprises an outer ring, an inner ring and an elastic sleeve, the inner diameter of the outer ring is larger than the outer diameter of the inner ring, one end of the elastic sleeve is fixedly connected to the inner circumference of the outer ring, and the other end of the elastic sleeve. Is fixedly connected to the outer periphery of the inner ring, the outer ring can move the elastic sleeve to move with respect to the inner ring, and the outer ring is used for fixed outer fitting to the wheel hub of the wheel. The inner ring is used for fixed outer fitting to the axle, and the first cavity is formed between the outer ring, the elastic sleeve, the inner ring, the wheel hub of the wheel, and the oil storage groove of the axle. The lubrication structure for a variable track wheel set according to claim 7, characterized in that it is formed. An inner spline is provided on the inner circumference of the wheel, an outer spline is provided at both ends of the axle, and the wheel and both ends of the axle are fitted and connected by an inner spline and an outer spline, and the first one is connected. The lubrication structure for a variable gauge wheel set according to claim 1, wherein the outlet of the lubrication hole is located in a concave groove between two adjacent spline teeth of the inner spline. A plurality of the first lubrication holes are provided, the plurality of the first lubrication holes are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction of the inner side surface of the wheel, and the first lubrication holes are the same from the inner surface surface of the wheel. The lubrication structure for a variable gauge wheel set according to claim 1, wherein the wheel is installed at an angle toward a connection point between the wheel and the axle. Female thread sections are provided at the inlets of the first lubrication hole, the second lubrication hole, and the third lubrication hole, and the male thread fasteners are screwed into the corresponding female thread sections. The lubrication structure for a variable gauge wheel set according to claim 4, wherein a seal is realized for the inlet of the lubrication hole. A variable gauge wheel set comprising the lubrication structure for the variable gauge wheel set according to any one of claims 1 to 11.

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