RU2756669C1 - Optical sight with discrete change of magnification - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: optical instrumentation.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of optical instrumentation and concerns an optical sight with a discrete change of magnification. The optical sight contains a lens, a grid moved perpendicular to the optical axis to change the direction of the sighting axis of the sight, a one-component wrapping system made moving when changing magnification along the optical axis in two extreme positions, and an eyepiece. The component of the wrapping system is made in the form of a symmetrical structure of three pairs of identical lenses, the first pair of which are biconvex lenses, the second pair are plane-convex lenses, the third pair are plane-concave lenses.

EFFECT: simplifying the manufacturing process of the sight, including the assembly and adjustment processes.

5 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of optical instrumentation, namely to optical sights, and can be used, for example, in shooting, hunting, sports optical sights, providing the ability to observe objects with variable magnification and, accordingly, with a variable field of view.

Known optical sight with a discrete change in magnification under the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2547044 dated 04/10/2015. The sight contains a lens, a reticle movable perpendicular to the optical axis to change the direction of the sighting axis of the sight, a reversing system and an eyepiece, and the reversing system is made of four components, the first and third of which are removed from the beam path when the magnification is changed. The sight version has interchangeable magnifications of 6 and 1.5 krat, the length is 192 mm, the diameter of the entrance pupil of the sight is 42 mm, the diameter of the exit pupil is 7 mm and 10 mm, respectively, at the indicated magnifications. The removal of the exit pupil is 75-72 mm, the twilight number at 6x magnification is 15.8.

The disadvantage of this optical sight with a discrete change in magnification is the high laboriousness of the manufacture of optics, associated with a significant number of lens parts of different shapes and radii, the complexity of the execution of mechanical units, associated with the fact that the reversing system is made of four-component, and the change in magnification is carried out by input-output from the path of the rays the first and third components of the reversing system, which can reduce the efficiency and reliability of the sight.

The closest in technical essence is an optical sight with a discrete change in magnification, described in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2700020 dated 09/12/2019, the optical system of which is taken as a prototype. The optical sight with a discrete change in magnification contains a one-component reversing system, made moving when changing magnification along the optical axis to two extreme positions, consisting of a positive biconvex lens, a negative meniscus facing the object with a concavity, a negative biconcave lens, and a positive plano-convex lens. facing the object, and a positive meniscus facing the convexity of the object, a lens made of a positive biconvex lens, a negative meniscus, a positive meniscus and a positive plano-convex collective lens, the first grid located in the focal plane of the lens, an eyepiece made in the form of four single lenses.

A variant of the sight has a changeable magnification of 6 and 1.5 krat, a length of 230 mm, an exit pupil diameter of 6 and 10 mm, respectively, at the indicated magnifications. The twilight number at 6x magnification is 14.7.

The disadvantage of this optical sight with a discrete change in magnification is the complex structure of the optical scheme, due to the presence of a significant number of lenses of complex shapes, in particular menisci with similar radii and biconvex lenses with different radii, which increases the complexity of manufacturing, and also increases the likelihood of "flipping" the lens during assembly, i.e. put it on the wrong side of the incident beam.

The technical problem lies in the creation of an optical sight with a discrete change in magnification with the following technical result: simplification of the manufacture of the sight, including assembly and adjustment processes, as well as increasing the manufacturability of the sight while maintaining a quick change in magnification, quality characteristics and weight of the scope optics, as well as improving the comfort of perception field of view.

The specified technical result is achieved as follows. The inventive device, like the prototype, contains a lens, a grid that is moved perpendicular to the optical axis to change the direction of the sighting axis of the sight, a one-component reversing system made moving when changing the magnification along the optical axis in two extreme positions, and an eyepiece.

In contrast to the prototype, the components of the wrapping system are made in the form of a symmetrical structure of three pairs of identical lenses. The first pair are biconvex lenses, the second pair are plano-convex lenses, and the third pair are plano-concave lenses.

In the particular case of execution, the second and third pair of lenses of the turning system can be glued in pairs.

In a particular case, the lens can be made in the form of four lenses, sequentially located along the path of the rays, the first of which is a plano-convex lens facing the convexity of the object, the second is a biconvex lens, the third is a biconvex lens, the fourth is a plano-convex lens facing the convexity of the object and acting as a collective lens.

In a particular case of execution, the grid can be located between the reversing system and the eyepiece and be in the plane of the second intermediate image.

It is also possible to design the eyepiece with three lenses, the first and second of which are glued, while the second and third have a biconvex shape.

The implementation of the components of the optical scheme of the sight in the above manner allows you to maintain a quick change in magnification, as well as improve the comfort of perception of the field of view, while simplifying the manufacture of the sight, and also increasing the manufacturability of the sight.

The claimed optical sight with a discrete change in magnification is illustrated by a specific example shown in the drawing. The optical sight with a discrete change in magnification contains an objective I, consisting of lenses 1-4, a reticle II installed in the plane of the intermediate image, an enveloping system III, consisting of lenses 6-11, and an eyepiece V, consisting of lenses 13-15. The observer's eye is placed in the exit pupil 16.

Objective I is made in the form of a plano-convex lens 1 located along the path of the rays, convex to the object, a biconvex lens 2, a biconcave lens 3, a plano-convex lens 4 facing the convexity of the object. The component of the reversing system III is made in the form of a symmetrical structure of three pairs of identical lenses 6, 7, 10, 11 and plano-concave lenses 8, 9. The first pair are biconvex lenses 6 and 11, the second pair are plano-convex lenses 7 and 10, and the third pair is plano-concave lenses 8 and 9. In this case, lenses 7, 8 and 9, 10 are glued in pairs.

Eyepiece V consists of a biconcave lens 13, and two biconvex lenses 14, 15 with the same radii. In this case, the lenses 13, 14 are glued together.

Parameters of the proposed version of the optical sight with a discrete change in magnification:

magnification, times 1.5 and 6 angular field of view, ... ° 16 and 4 entrance pupil diameter, mm 42 exit pupil diameter, mm 14 and 7 removal of the exit pupil, mm 50 length along the optical axis, mm 209 weight of optical parts, g 130 scope alignment range, etc. ± 0-10

The principle of operation of an optical sight with a discrete change in magnification is as follows.

The radiation coming from the objects with the help of the lens "I" is formed into the first real, inverted image of the objects in the plane with which the plane of the grid II is aligned. Further, the lenses 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11, included in the turning system III, create a second real, direct image of objects in the plane of the field diaphragm IV. To change the magnification of the sight, the reversing system III is moved along the optical axis from one extreme position to another, while the position of the plane of the second actual image remains unchanged, which is provided by the following relations:

OC _OC = (3 ÷ 9) ⋅OS _OB ,

δ _OC = (0.2 ÷ 0.6) ⋅F _OB ,

where OC _OC is the optical power of the "III" turning system;

OS _OB - the optical power of the lens "I" of the sight;

δ _OS - the amount of movement of the turning system "III" along the optical axis;

F _ABOUT - the focal length of the lens "I" of the sight.

Fulfillment of these ratios provides a quick change in magnification due to the small longitudinal movement of the reversing system "III" along the optical axis while maintaining the quality characteristics and weight of the scope optics. The front focal plane of the eyepiece "V" is aligned with the plane of the second actual image. Further, the eyepiece "V" forms images of objects, the rangefinder scale and reticle sighting marks "II" at infinity. Simultaneously, the reversing system "III" in each of the two extreme positions provides an almost unchanged position of the exit pupil 16 behind the eyepiece "V" of the sight when changing the magnification. To correct the ametropia of the observer's eye and form an image of objects and reticle "II" at a convenient distance for the eye, the eyepiece "V" moves along the optical axis by the amount of diopter shift. To change the direction of the sighting axis of the sight in the space of objects in order to align the sight on the weapon and (or) enter corrections, the "II" reticle can be moved perpendicular to the optical axis of the sight.

In the optical scheme of the sight, the image quality on the axis and along the field satisfies the criteria applied to field observation devices: the rms sizes of aberration scattering spots for all points of the field do not exceed 1-3 arc minutes behind the eyepiece of the device. The resolution limit is no worse than 10 ''. The thermal stability of the optical system is ensured in the operating temperature range from -50 to + 50 ° C without deteriorating the resolution, while the material of the body and the gaps between the lenses is an aluminum alloy and there are no compensatory movements of the components in the system, except for the diopter movement of the eyepiece. The twilight number in the considered embodiment with an increase of 6 times is 15.9, which is noticeably higher than that of the analogue - 14.7.

The use of the proposed design of the turning system makes it possible to increase the diameter of the exit pupil and reduce the length of the sight. At the same time, due to the increase in the diameter of the exit pupil, the convenience of using the sight is increased, since the alignment of the pupil of the eye with the exit pupil of the sight is facilitated (accelerated). Reducing the scope length and increasing the twilight number also enhances usability.

The implementation of the optical elements of the optical sight with a discrete change of magnification in a unified simple form, as well as the selection of the optimal arrangement of elements in the nodes, simplifies the design of the optical sight, which in turn reduces the laboriousness of the manufacture of the sight, and also simplifies the alignment and increases the manufacturability of the sight while maintaining a quick change in magnification. quality characteristics and weight of the scope optics. At the same time, the manufacture of prototypes using the proposed optical system showed a decrease in the cost of the sight in comparison with analogues by more than two times.

Claims (5)

1. Optical sight with a discrete change in magnification, containing a lens, a reticle moved perpendicular to the optical axis to change the direction of the sighting axis of the sight, a one-component reversing system made moving when changing magnification along the optical axis in two extreme positions, and an eyepiece, characterized in that the component The reversing system is made in the form of a symmetrical structure of three pairs of identical lenses located along the beam, the first pair of which are biconvex lenses, the second pair are plano-convex lenses, and the third pair are plano-concave lenses. 2. An optical sight with a discrete change in magnification according to claim 1, characterized in that the second and third pairs of lenses of the turning system are glued in pairs. 3. Optical sight with a discrete change in magnification according to claim 1, characterized in that the lens consists of four lenses sequentially arranged along the beams, the first of which is a plano-convex lens facing the convexity of the object, the second is a biconvex lens, the third is a biconvex lens, the fourth is a plano-convex lens, convex facing the object and acting as a collective lens. 4. Optical sight with a discrete change in magnification according to claim 1, characterized in that the reticle is located between the reversing system and the eyepiece and is located in the plane of the second intermediate image. 5. Optical sight with a discrete change in magnification according to claim 1, characterized in that the eyepiece consists of three lenses, the first and second of which are glued, while the second and third have a biconvex shape.

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