RU2501051C1 - Method of changing direction of axis of sight in optical sight and variable magnification sight implementing said method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics.

SUBSTANCE: sight has an objective lens, a collecting lens, a plane-parallel plate with a pointing mark and scales, an erecting system, a field stop and an ocular. In the objective lens, aberrations are corrected within an angular field equal to the sum of the greatest value of the angular field of the sight and the greatest value of change of the direction of the axis of sight. The plane-parallel plate is placed in the plane of a first or, in the second version, a second intermediate image. Components of the erecting system and, in the first version, the plane-parallel plate are differentially moved so as to provide displacement of the main points of components of the erecting system and, in the first version, vertices of the aiming mark in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis. The displacement values are proportional to distance from the axial point of the second plane of the real image to the corresponding displaced components.

EFFECT: increasing differential magnification up to five times, increasing magnification up to 25 times, increasing pupil withdrawal of at least 90 mm and change of direction of the axis of sight by an angle greater than the value of the angular field of the sight with the greatest value while maintaining a quality image.

10 cl, 6 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of optical instrumentation, namely to optical sights, and can be used, for example, in sniper, hunting, sports optical sights of constant and variable magnification.

A widely known method of changing the direction of the axis of sight in optical sights, which is carried out by moving a plane-parallel plate or collective lens, on a flat surface of which an aiming mark is applied (a crosshair, a crosshair with scales, a point or another sign, one of the points of which determines the axis of sight, then the text “mark”), perpendicular to the optical axis of the optical system of the sight. In this case, a change in the direction of the sighting axis in this way is carried out to enter the aiming angles, correction angles, and alignment angles. A classic example of this method of changing the direction of the line of sight is the PSO-1 sight and its modifications. Using this method, mass-produced sights for small arms, hunting and sports weapons, including those with variable magnification, were built to change the magnification, which include shifting the components of the wrapping system along its optical axis [Russian Arms and Technologies. Encyclopedia. XXI century: T. XI: Optoelectronic and laser technology / Publishing House “Arms and Technologies”, 2005. Section 4 “Sights for small arms”, p.250-269; section 5 "Sights for hunting and sports weapons", p.270-277].

The specified method of changing the direction of the sighting axis in the optical sight has the following disadvantages:

- the inability to change the direction of the sight axis by an angular value exceeding the angle of the field of view of the optical system of the sight;

- when changing the direction of the sighting axis of the sight, the image of the vertex of the aiming mark is shifted from the center of the field of view of the eyepiece.

The first of these drawbacks (in other words: limiting the range of changes in the direction of the sight axis of the sight to the angular field of the optical system) most significantly limits the operational capabilities of the sight with large magnifications of the sights, which have accordingly small angular fields.

The second of these drawbacks (shifting the apex of the reticle when entering aiming angles and correction angles from the optical axis of the device) leads to the fact that during aiming at the target, the image of the aiming point is formed not on the axis of the optical system, but outside it, where, firstly , the image quality is lower than in the center of the field of view, and secondly, there is a field of observed objects asymmetric with respect to the top of the aiming mark, which together reduces the operational characteristics of the sight.

The technical result of the proposed method: the ability to provide a range of changes in the direction of the sight axis of the sight, the value of which exceeds the angle of the field of view of the sight; ensuring the invariable position of the aiming mark in the center of the field of view of the eyepiece when changing the direction of the sighting axis of the sight.

A large number of analog devices are known that implement the above-described method for changing the line of sight.

For example, a scope with variable magnification [Patent RU 2364900, 2009], comprising a mirror lens, a team with a reticle on a flat surface, a pankratic wrapping system consisting of two positive components, differentiation moving along the optical axis of the sight, and two-component eyepiece. The sight has a 4-fold difference in magnifications (12.5 ÷ 50 times), an exit pupil removal of 80 mm, an angular field from 1.8 ° (at the lowest magnification) to 0.5 ° (at the highest magnification); the diameter of the exit pupil when changing the magnification changes from 4.8 to 1.2 mm.

The disadvantage of the analog device is the small amount of removal of the exit pupil, the annular shape of the exit pupil, the small amount of change in the direction of the line of sight. The annular shape of the exit pupil is due to the presence of central shielding in the mirror-lens in the sight lens. With an exit pupil diameter of 4.8 mm (with an increase of 12.5 times) and a sufficient background brightness (at which the pupil diameter of the eye can be, for example, 2 mm), the observer will involuntarily displace the pupil of the eye from the optical axis to ensure its fullest filling with rays , which can serve as an additional reason for parallax. At the largest magnification of 50 times, the range of change in the direction of the sight axis is limited by a small angular field of 0.5 ° (i.e. 0-08). This circumstance - limiting the input range of aiming angles, correction angles, and alignment angles - does not allow realizing the advantages of a large increase in the sight and requires during operation, for example, to use the movement (tilt) of the entire sight to change the direction of the sighting axis, which reduces overall performance operational performance of the sight.

In an optical sight with variable magnification [Patent RU 2282223, 2006], containing a three-lens lens, the first plane-parallel plate with an aiming mark, a team, a two-component pancratic system, the components of which for changing magnification are differentially moved along the optical axis of the sight, the second plane-parallel plate with a rangefinder a scale located in the plane of the second intermediate image formed by the pancratic system, a negative collective and a two-component eyepiece, a change in Board sighting axis by moving the first parallel plate perpendicular to the optical axis of the sight. The sight has a three-fold difference of magnifications (3.2 ... 9.9 times), the removal of the exit pupil is 70 mm.

The disadvantage of the analogue sight is a small difference in magnifications, a small amount of exit pupil removal, a shift of the aiming mark in the field of view of the eyepiece when changing the direction of the sight axis of the sight.

As the closest analogue, you can specify a sight with variable magnification [Patent RU 2331035, 2008], consisting of a two-component lens, the first component of which contains the first positive, second negative and third single positive lenses, the second negative component of which has the shape of a meniscus and is focusing, collective, plane-parallel plate with reticle, a wrapping system that includes two glued components that move differentially along the optical axis of achivayuschey system, the field diaphragm and the three-eyepiece. To change the direction of the sight axis, a plane-parallel plate with an aiming mark moves perpendicular to the optical axis of the sight. The first positive and second negative lenses of the first component of the lens in the prototype are made glued. The second negative component of the lens faces a concave surface to the image plane of the lens. The team (field component) is made in the form of a two-lens gluing. The first component of the eyepiece is made in the form of a biconcave lens, the second in the form of a two-lens gluing, the third in the form of a biconvex lens. The sight has a three-fold difference of magnification from 3.2 to 10 times. The diameter of the entrance pupil is 40 mm. Removal of the exit pupil is 70 mm from the last surface of the eyepiece. The distance from the first surface of the lens to the plane of the reticle and scales is 121.5 mm. The length of the pancratic system (the distance between the planes of the first and second real images of objects) is 114.5 mm.

The disadvantages of the closest analogue are a small difference in magnifications, a small magnitude of the largest increase, a small amount of exit pupil removal, a shift of the aiming mark in the field of view of the eyepiece when changing the direction of the sighting axis of the sight (when entering aiming and alignment angles).

The task to be solved by the claimed method and device for its implementation is the creation of an optical sight with a 5-fold difference in magnifications, the largest magnification of at least 25 times, removal of the exit pupil of more than 90 mm with high technical and operational characteristics.

The technical result achieved in solving the problem is to increase the differential range by 5 times, increase the largest increase to 25 times, ensure that the exit pupil is removed by at least 90 mm, and make it possible to change the direction of the sighting axis of the sight by an angle exceeding the magnitude of the angular field of the sight at the largest increase, in maintaining a constant position of the aiming mark in the center of the field of view of the eyepiece while maintaining a high-quality image within the working field of view of the sight.

In this case, the claimed method and device for its implementation form a single inventive concept both for the problem to be solved and for the achieved technical result.

The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that in the first embodiment of the method of changing the direction of the line of sight in an optical sight, in which a plane-parallel plate with an aiming mark is placed in the plane of the first intermediate image, the aberrations are corrected in the lens within the angular field equal to the sum of the largest values the angular field of the optical system of the sight and the largest magnitude of the change in the direction of the sighting axis of the sight, the components of the wrapping system and the plane-parallel incu with an aiming mark and scales are additionally differentially moved in such a way as to ensure displacement of the main points of the components of the wrapping system and the vertex of the aiming mark in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens and eyepiece, while the values of these displacements provide proportional distances from the axial point of the second plane of the actual image to corresponding movable components of the wrapping system and plane-parallel plate. This allows you to provide in the sight with variable magnification the ability to change the direction of the axis of sight, exceeding the magnitude of the angular field of the sight at the highest magnification. In this case, the position of the aiming mark remains unchanged in the center of the field of view of the eyepiece.In the particular case of the method, the plane-parallel plate with the mark and the components of the wrapping system are swinging together on the ball bearing, while the center of the ball bearing is combined with the axial point of the plane of the second actual image. In the particular case of execution, the team or individual lenses of the lens are movable along the optical axis of the lens.

The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that in the second variant of the method of changing the direction of the line of sight in the optical sight, in which a plane-parallel plate with an aiming mark is placed in the plane of the second intermediate image, the aberrations are corrected in the lens within the angular field equal to the sum of the largest value the angular field of the optical system of the sight and the largest change in the direction of the sighting axis of the sight, the components of the wrapping system are additionally different They are moved in such a way as to ensure displacements of the main points of the components of the wrapping system in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens and eyepiece, while the values of these displacements provide proportional to the distances from the axial point of the second plane of the actual image to the corresponding moving components of the wrapping system. This allows you to provide in the sight with variable magnification the ability to change the direction of the axis of sight, exceeding the magnitude of the angular field of the sight at the highest magnification. At the same time, maintaining a constant position of the reticle in the center of the field of view of the eyepiece at any position of the sight axis of the sight in the space of objects is ensured. In the particular case of the execution of the method, the components of the wrapping system are oscillated together on the ball bearing, while the center of the ball bearing is combined with the axial point of the plane of the second actual image. In the particular case of execution, the team or individual lenses of the lens are movable along the optical axis of the lens.

The problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that in the sight device with variable magnification, that the first positive and second negative lenses of the first component of the lenses are single, the focusing meniscus of the lens is glued from two lenses and faces with a concave surface to the first lens component, the team is made in the form of a plano-convex lens and installed along the rays in front of the plane of the first real image, in each of the components of the wrapping system will complement flax administered by a single lens in a relaying system before further field diaphragm set negative lens, a plane-parallel plate with the sighting mark and dials and the winding system are made jointly swinging about a point, combined with the actual center point of the second image, and wherein the following relations:

$$f\text{'}\text{'}tg\alpha =L\cdot tg\beta ,\left(\mathrm{one}\right)$$

where f 'is the equivalent focal length of the lens and the team;

L is the distance along the optical axis between the first and second planes of the actual images (the length of the wrapping system);

β is the angle of swing of a plane-parallel plate with an aiming mark and scales and a wrapping system;

α is the angle of change of direction of the line of sight.

In the particular case of execution, the single lens additionally introduced into the first component of the wrapping system is made in the form of a negative meniscus facing a concave surface to the plane of the first real image; the single lens additionally introduced into the second component of the wrapping system is a single lens made in the form of a positive meniscus facing a concave surface to the plane of the second intermediate image, an additional negative lens mounted in front of the field diaphragm is made in the form of men the claim, convex side to the plane of the field diaphragm, the first along the rays of the lens of the eyepiece is made positive, the second negative component of the lens is glued from two lenses, and the following relationships occur:

$${\varphi }_{\mathrm{one}l.\mathrm{about}b}=-\left(\mathrm{one}÷\mathrm{1,2}\right){\varphi }_{2l.\mathrm{about}b};{\varphi }_{d.l\mathrm{.one}\mathrm{to}}=-\left(0.4÷0.6\right){\varphi }_{\mathrm{from}\mathrm{to}l\mathrm{.one}\mathrm{to}};{\varphi }_{\mathrm{from}\mathrm{to}l.2\mathrm{to}}=-\left(0.4÷0.6\right){\varphi }_{d.l.2\mathrm{to}};\left(2\right)$$

$${\varphi }_d=-\left(0.6÷0.7\right){\varphi }_{\mathrm{about}\mathrm{to}};{\varphi }_{\mathrm{one}l.\mathrm{about}\mathrm{to}}=\left(\mathrm{one}÷\mathrm{1,2}\right){\varphi }_{\mathrm{about}\mathrm{to}};{\varphi }_{\mathrm{one}l.2\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}b}=-\left(0.4÷0.6\right){\varphi }_{2l.2\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}b};\left(3\right)$$

$$L\ge f\text{'}\text{'};\left(\mathrm{four}\right)$$

where φ _1l.ob , φ _2l.ob - optical power of the first positive and second negative lenses of the first component of the lens;

φ _{dl 1k} , φ _{dl 2k} - optical power of single lenses, additionally introduced respectively in the first and second along the rays of the component of the wrapping system;

φ _{squl. 1k} , φ _{squl. 2k} - the optical power of the glued lenses, respectively, of the first and second along the rays of the components of the wrapping system;

φ _d is the optical power of an additional negative lens installed in front of the field diaphragm;

φ _ok - the optical power of the eyepiece;

φ _1l.oc - the optical power of the first along the rays of the eyepiece lens;

φ _{1l.2k rev} , φ _{2l.2k rev} - the optical forces of the first and second lenses of the second negative lens component, respectively.

The team has a slight movement along the optical axis of the lens.

The proposed features are significant, since they affect the receipt of a technical result and are in a causal relationship with it, namely:

Correction of aberrations and, accordingly, ensuring a high quality image of the lens within the calculated field of the lens, equal to the sum of the largest angular field of the optical system of the sight and the largest magnitude of the change in direction of the sighting axis of the sight, allows both the first and second versions of the method to provide high-quality images in Within the working field of view corresponding to a specific magnification, when changing the direction of the sight axis of the sight.

Differential movement of the components of the wrapping system and the plane-parallel plate with the reticle and scales in such a way as to ensure displacement of the main points of the components of the wrapping system and the vertex of the reticle in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens and eyepiece, while the values of these displacements provide proportional to the distances from the axial point of the second the plane of the actual image to the corresponding moving components of the wrapping system and plane The allele plate allows, in the first variant of the method, to ensure a constant position of the top of the reticle in the center of the field of view of the eyepiece at any angle of change in the direction of the sight axis of the sight.

In the second variant of the method, at the same position of the top of the aiming mark in the center of the field of view of the eyepiece, changing the direction of the sighting axis of the sight in the space of objects ensures that the components of the wrapping system are differentially moved so as to shift the main points of the components of the wrapping system in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens and eyepiece, while the values of these displacements provide proportional to the distances from the axial point of the second plane of the real images to the corresponding moving components of the wrapping system. At the same time, the invariance of the apparent size of the aiming mark is also ensured when changing the magnification in the sight.

The displacement of the components of the wrapping system perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens and the eyepiece is ensured by swinging (turning) together on the ball joint, while the center of the ball joint is combined with the axial point of the plane of the second intermediate image. Replacing the linear displacement of these components with their rotation allows for a simple design of the mechanisms of the sight. The execution of the team moving along the optical axis eliminates the arising linear parallax due to the replacement of the linear movement of the components by moving them along an arc of large radius.

In the proposed device, the sight with variable magnification, the first positive and second negative lenses of the first component of the lens are single, the focusing meniscus of the lens glued from two lenses and facing a concave surface to the first component of the lens, a collective in the form of a plano-convex lens and installing it along the rays in front of the plane of the first real image, allows you to increase the number of correction parameters in the lens and ensure high image quality within a larger the magnitude of the calculated field than the largest value of the angular field of the sight (at the smallest increase), thereby making it possible to change the direction of the sighting axis of the sight by an angle exceeding the value of the angular field of the sight at the largest increase, while maintaining a high-quality image within the working field of view of the sight.

The introduction of an additional single lens into each of the components of the pancratic wrapping system, the placement of an additional negative lens in front of the field diaphragm, makes it possible to provide a magnification difference of up to 5 times in the pancratic wrapping system and, at the same time with the above lens design, get the highest magnification of at least 25 times in the sight.

The implementation of the lens, the team and the wrapping system in the manner described above simultaneously allows you to ensure that the position of the exit pupil of the lens, which for any working position of the moving components of the pancratic wrapping system creates a quasi-constant position of the plane of the exit pupil of the wrapping system, and at such a distance from the front focal plane of the eyepiece that provides according to the focal length of the eyepiece, the size of the exit pupil removal is more than 90 mm and the constancy of Proposition exit pupil at any magnification sight within a desired differential increases.

The implementation of a plane-parallel plate with an aiming mark and scales and a pancratic wrapping system jointly swinging around a point aligned with the axial point of the second real image, and observing the relation (1) allows us to ensure the position of the image of the aiming Moki in the center of the field of view of the eyepiece for any direction of the sight axis of the sight within estimated range.

The implementation of a single lens in the first component of the wrapping system in the form of a negative meniscus facing a concave surface to the plane of the first real image, a single lens in the second component in the form of a positive meniscus facing a concave surface to the plane of the second intermediate image installed in front of the field diaphragm of a negative meniscus lens facing the plane of the field diaphragm with the convex side, the first in the direction of the rays, the eyepiece lens is positive, the removal of the second negative component of the lens glued from two lenses and the fulfillment of relations (2), (3) allows, in the particular case of execution, to provide a difference of magnifications of up to 5 times, to provide the largest magnification of up to 25 times, to ensure that the exit pupil is removed at least 90 mm while maintaining high quality images within the scope of the sight. The fulfillment of condition (4) makes it possible to ensure that the angle of swing of the pancratic system is less than the required change in the direction of the sight axis, which, along with the above features, allows to reduce the effect on the image quality of decentered elements in the optical system of the sight and to maintain a high-quality image in the desired range of changes in the direction of the sight axis. The introduction of a small team shift along the optical axis of the lens can be used to eliminate parallax.

Thus, the proposed method for changing the direction of the line of sight in the optical sight and the sight with a variable magnification that implements the method are a method and a device for implementing the method in one of its actions.

The specified set of features allows you to get the necessary and sufficient number of parameters to solve the problem and achieve a technical result.

The proposed method for changing the direction of the line of sight in a sight with variable magnification and a sight with variable magnification, which implements the method, is illustrated using the schematic diagrams of the optical sight in thin components shown in figa, 1b, 2a and 2b.

The implementation of the method consists in the following (Fig. 1a): to change the direction of the line of sight in a sight with variable magnification, the following set of actions is performed: lens 1 is made so that it provides high image quality within the angular field equal to the sum of the largest angular field of the optical system of the sight and the largest change in the direction of the sighting axis of the sight, performing for this the correction of aberrations in the lens within the specified angular field, exceeding in magnitude not the actual size of the field of sight at any magnification; set the team 2, place a plane-parallel plate 3 with reticle in the plane of the first intermediate image; components 4 and 5 of the wrapping system are differentially moved along the optical axis of the wrapping system to change the magnification, while the distances L ₄ and L _{5 are} changed so that the position of the second plane of the actual image remains unchanged when moving components 4 and 5, i.e. the constancy of the distance L along the optical axis between the planes of the first and second real images was observed; combine with the plane of the second intermediate image field aperture 6 to limit the working field of view, set the eyepiece 7 to simultaneously observe the image of objects and the aiming mark with the eye of an observer, which is combined with the exit pupil of the device; to change the direction of the line of sight, the plane-parallel plate 3 and components 4, 5 of the wrapping system are differentially moved in such a way as to provide displacements y ₄ , y _{5 of the} main points of components 4 and 5 of the wrapping system and a shift y _{3 of the} vertex of the aiming mark on plate 3, in the direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens and an eyepiece, wherein the magnitude of said displacement provide proportionate distances L _4, L _5, L from the axial point O ₂ of the second real image plane to the respective Move aemyh relaying system components and a plane-parallel plate, i.e. ensure compliance with the ratio:

$$\frac{y_3}{L}=\frac{y_{\mathrm{four}}}{L_{\mathrm{four}}}=\frac{y_5}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="L"\; filenames="00000017.png,00000018.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_5}.\left(5\right)$$

For the method shown in figa, the equality L ₃ = L. Thus, the direction of the sighting axis of the sight is changed while maintaining the position of the image of the sighting mark in the center of the field of view of the eyepiece. The angle α of the change in the direction of the axis of sight in the space of objects is defined as:

$$\alpha =arctg\frac{y_3}{f\text{'}\text{'}},\left(6\right)$$

where f 'is the equivalent focal length of lens 1 and team 2.

In the particular case of execution (figb), a plane-parallel plate 3 with a brand and components 4, 5 of the wrapping system are performed swinging together on a ball bearing, while the center of the ball bearing is combined with the axial point O _{2 of the} plane of the second actual image. Replacing linear displacement by turning along an arc of large radius L, on the one hand, allows one to ensure compliance with relation (5) with an error not exceeding the second order of smallness, and on the other hand, to provide a simple structural design of the input mechanism for aiming and alignment angles. To eliminate parallax, the collective 2 or individual lenses of the lens 1 are performed with small movement along the optical axis of the lens.

The difference of the second embodiment of the method (figa) is that the plane-parallel plate 3 with the reticle is placed in the plane of the second real image, and to change the direction of the sight axis in the space of the objects of the sight, the differentiation is moved by components 4 and 5 of the wrapping system perpendicular to the optical axis, observing proportionality:

. $$\frac{y_{\mathrm{four}}}{L_{\mathrm{four}}}=\frac{y_5}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="L"\; filenames="00000017.png,00000018.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_5}$$

.

In accordance with the laws of image construction, the magnitude of the image displacement y _{3 (1) of the} top of the reticle, determined in the reverse direction of the rays and assigned to the plane of the first real image of the objects, will be proportional to L:

. $$\frac{y_{3\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}}{L}=\frac{y_{\mathrm{four}}}{L_{\mathrm{four}}}=\frac{y_5}{{\mathrm{<figure-callout\; id="5"\; label="L"\; filenames="00000017.png,00000018.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">L</figure-callout>}}_5}$$

.

In this embodiment, the plane-parallel plate 3 is left stationary and the apex of the reticle (crosshair, sign, etc.) is placed in the center of the field of view of the eyepiece. As a result of these actions, the direction of the line of sight in the space of objects changes by an angle α, the value of which is defined as

. $$\alpha =arctg\frac{y_{3\left(\mathrm{one}\right)}}{f\text{'}\text{'}}$$

.

In the particular case of the method (Fig.2b), components 4 and 5 of the wrapping system are rotated through an angle β relative to the point O ₂ .

Figure 3 shows the relationship between the calculated field of view of the lens, the largest displacement of the aiming mark y ₃ (or its image y _{3 (1)} in the reverse direction of the rays for the second method), which determines the change in the direction of the sighting axis of the sight in the space of objects, and the working field of view of the sight, related to the plane of the first intermediate image of objects. The magnitude of the calculated field of view of the lens is determined as the sum of the largest working field of view of the sight and the largest magnitude of the change in direction of the sighting axis of the sight.

Since the essence of the proposed method and device is characterized using the features presented at the level of functional generalization, the description of the device of the sight with variable magnification is given below, confirming the possibility of technical implementation of the signs.

Description of the device of the sight is illustrated in Fig.4. The optical system of the sight consists of along the rays of the lens 1, team 2, plane-parallel plate 3 with an aiming mark, components 4 and 5 of the pancratic wrapping system, differentially moved along the optical axis of the wrapping system, field aperture 6 and eyepiece 7. Lens 1 consists of the first a three-lens component 8 and a second meniscus-shaped focusing component 9. The lenses 10, 11, 12 included in the component 8 are single. The focusing meniscus 8 is glued from two lenses 13, 14 and faces with a concave surface to the lens component 8. Team 2 is made in the form of a plano-convex lens. Component 4 of the pancratic wrapping system comprises a single lens 15 and a two-lens gluing 16; the component 5 of the pancratic wrapping system contains a single lens 17 and a two-lens bonding 18. Between the component 5 of the pancratic wrapping system and the field diaphragm 6, a negative lens 19 is located. The eyepiece 7 consists of a single lens 20, a two-lens bonding 21 and a biconvex lens 22. In this case, the plane-parallel plate 3 with an aiming mark, components 4, 5 and the lens 15 are made jointly swinging around a point aligned with the axial point of the second real image, and in this case relations (1) are satisfied.

In the particular case of execution, the single lens 15 of component 4 is made in the form of a negative meniscus facing a concave surface to the plane of the first actual image, the single lens 17 of component 5 is made in the form of a positive meniscus facing a concave surface to the plane of the second intermediate image, the negative lens 19 is made in the form meniscus, convex side facing the plane of the field diaphragm 6, the lens 20 of the eyepiece is made positive and between the parameters of the optical system are I have relations (2), (3) and (4). Team 2 has a slight movement along the optical axis of the lens.

The device operates as follows. The radiation coming from objects using lenses 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 2 forms the first real, inverted image of objects in a plane with which one of the planes of plane-parallel plate 3 is aligned, on which an aiming mark is applied. Next, the lenses and components 15, 16, 17, 18 and 19 create a second real, direct image of the objects. To change the linear size of the second real image, the differentiated components 4 and 5 are moved along the axis of the wrapping system, providing a constant position of the plane of the second real image, which is aligned with the front focal plane of the eyepiece 7. Next, the lenses 20, 21, 22 of the eyepiece form images of objects and sighting marks and scales of plate 3 at infinity. At the same time, the lenses and components 10, 11, 12, 9, 13, 14 2, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22 form an image of the lens barrel 10 behind the eyepiece 7, thereby ensuring the position of the exit pupil at the required distance from the last surface of the lens 22 of the eyepiece. To correct the ametropia of the observer’s eye and form images of objects and the reticle at a convenient distance for the eye, the eyepiece 7 moves along the optical axis by the amount of diopter movement. To focus on objects that are close in front of the sight, the lens component 9 moves along the optical axis of the lens. In the particular case of execution collective 2 has a slight movement along the optical axis of the lens. In the particular case of execution of the component 9 and the team 2 are performed with the possibility of joint movement along the optical axis of the lens.

To align the sight, enter the aiming angles and corrections in the vertical and horizontal planes, the direction of the sighting axis of the sight is changed in the space of objects, for which the components 3, 4, 5, 19 are jointly rotated through an angle β around an axis whose center is aligned with the point O ₂ , located on the axis of the second intermediate valid image. The direction of the sighting axis of the sight changes by an angle α, the value of which is determined by the relation (1).

As an example of a specific implementation, the scope is given with the technical characteristics indicated in table 1 and the parameters of the components and lenses indicated in table 2.

The sight has a variable magnification, which varies in the range from 5 to 25 times. The diameter of the entrance pupil of the sight is 56 mm, the diameter of the exit pupil changes from 10 to 2.3 mm with a change in magnification. Removal of the exit pupil is 95 mm, while the magnitude of the displacement of the pupil along the optical axis when changing magnification does not exceed +5 mm.

Table 1 Specific Performance Examples Characteristic Value Visible increase 5 to 25 times Corner field from 4.2 to 0.87 ° Entrance pupil diameter 56 mm Exit pupil diameter from 10 to 2.3 mm Exit pupil removal 95 mm Length 405 mm Mass of optical parts 385 g The diameter of the mechanical frame in the area of the placement of the pancratic system 34 mm Range of change of direction of the sight axis ± 0-23 (± 1.4 °)

table 2 Lens and component options Parameter Value Lens focal length 1 160 mm Lens focal length 10 95.8 Focal Length 11 -106.3 Focal Length 13 51.5 mm Focal Length 14 -27.7 mm Focal Length 15 -74.8 mm Component Focal Length 16 33.3 mm Focal Length 17 39.0 mm Component Focal Length 18 -74.7 mm Focal Length 19 -70.8 mm Lens focal length 20 40.7 mm Focal Length 7 46.6 mm The amount of movement of component 9 1.5 mm Lens shift 2 0.1 mm Distance L 170 mm

The length along the optical axis from the first surface of the lens to the last surface of the eyepiece is 405 mm, while the length of the pancratic wraparound is 170 mm. The weight of the optical parts of the sight is 385 g, of which the lens is 246 g, the pancratic wraparound system is 32 g, the eyepiece is 107 g. The angular field of the sight changes from 4.2 to 0.87 degrees when changing magnification. The range of variation of the sighting axis is: vertical ± 0-20; horizontal ± 0-10. The largest change in direction of the line of sight is ± 0-23 (diagonal).

As follows from table 2, in a specific example of the execution of the sight, the following relationships take place:

; $${\varphi }_{д.л.1к}=\frac{\mathrm{33,3}}{-\mathrm{74,8}}{\varphi }_{скл.1к}=-\mathrm{0,45}{\varphi }_{скл.1к}$$

;but) $${\varphi }_{\mathrm{one}l.\mathrm{about}b}=\frac{-106.3}{95.8}{\varphi }_{2l.\mathrm{about}b}=-\mathrm{1,11}{\varphi }_{2.l.\mathrm{about}b}$$

; $${\varphi }_{d.l\mathrm{.one}\mathrm{to}}=\frac{33.3}{-74.8}{\varphi }_{\mathrm{from}\mathrm{to}l\mathrm{.one}\mathrm{to}}=-0.45{\varphi }_{\mathrm{from}\mathrm{to}l\mathrm{.one}\mathrm{to}}$$

;

, которые удовлетворяют соотношениям (2); $${\varphi }_{\mathrm{from}\mathrm{to}l.2\mathrm{to}}=\frac{39.0}{-74.7}{\varphi }_{d.l.2\mathrm{to}}=-0.52{\varphi }_{d.l.2\mathrm{to}}$$

which satisfy relations (2);

; $${\varphi }_{1л.ок}=\frac{\mathrm{46,6}}{\mathrm{40,7}}{\varphi }_{ок}=\mathrm{1,14}{\varphi }_{ок}$$

;b) $${\varphi }_d=\frac{46.6}{-70.8}{\varphi }_{\mathrm{about}\mathrm{to}}=-0.66{\varphi }_{\mathrm{about}\mathrm{to}}$$

; $${\varphi }_{\mathrm{one}l.\mathrm{about}\mathrm{to}}=\frac{46.6}{40.7}{\varphi }_{\mathrm{about}\mathrm{to}}=1.14{\varphi }_{\mathrm{about}\mathrm{to}}$$

;

, которые удовлетворяют соотношениям (3); $${\varphi }_{\mathrm{one}l.2\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}b}=\frac{-27.7}{451.5}{\varphi }_{2l.2\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}b}=-0.54{\varphi }_{2l.2\mathrm{to}\mathrm{about}b}$$

which satisfy relations (3);

c) 170> 160, i.e. relation (4) is observed.

As a result, the angles α and β are interconnected by the relation: α = 1,06β, i.e. the angle of rotation of the swinging part of the sight is smaller in magnitude than the angle of change of direction of the sighting axis. The angle of rotation (swing) of the elements 3, 4, 5 is ± 1.3 °. When these elements are swinging, the parallax in the space of objects is insignificant, less than 0-00.05.

In a specific embodiment, the joint movement of components 9 and 2 within 2 mm along the optical axis is used to focus at close distances to the object, compensate for defocus when the operating temperature changes, and eliminate parallax.

The calculated magnitude of the field of view of the lens, in which the aberration of the lens is corrected, was 2 (2.1 + 1.4) = 7 °. As a result, the value of the angle of change in the direction of the line of sight in the space of objects (1.4 °) is obtained larger in magnitude than the angular field at the highest magnification (0.87 °).

In the optical design of the sight, the image quality on the axis and in the field satisfies the criteria applicable to field observation devices: the rms sizes of the aberration scattering spots do not exceed 1-3 angular minutes behind the eyepiece of the device. Resolution limit no more than 3 ''. In addition, it should be noted that the twilight number in the example of a specific design is 37, and in the device - the closest analogue, its value is 20. The higher the twilight number, the smaller elements of the object can be resolved into the device at low (twilight) illumination.

Thus, a sight was obtained with a difference of magnification of 5 times, with the largest magnification of 25 times, removal of the exit pupil of 95 mm, in which the change in direction of the sighting axis of the sight in the space of objects exceeds the magnitude of the angular field of the sight at the largest increase with a constant position of the aiming mark in the center of the field of view eyepiece while maintaining high-quality images within the working field of view of the sight.

Thus, the implementation of the technical advantages of the proposed method for changing the direction of the sighting axis in the sight with variable magnification and the sight with variable magnification, which implements the method with the combination of these distinguishing features, allows you to create a technological, cost-effective device with high technical characteristics.

Literature

1. Weapons and technology of Russia. Encyclopedia. XXI Century: T. XI: Optoelectronic and Laser Technology / Arms and Technologies Publishing House, 2005

2. Patent RU 2364900, 2009.

3. Patent RU 2282223, 2006

4. Patent RU 2331035, 2008

Claims (10)

1. A method of changing the direction of the target axis in an optical sight containing the following elements of the optical system: a lens, a team, a plane-parallel plate with an aiming mark and scales mounted in the plane of the first intermediate real image, components of the wrapping system that create the second real image, differentially moved along the optical the axis of the wrapping system, and the eyepiece, in which the direction of the line of sight is changed in which the movements of the elements of the optical systems with a fixed sight, characterized in that the lens corrects aberrations within an angular field equal to the sum of the largest angular field of the optical system of the sight and the largest change in direction of the sighting axis of the sight, components of the wrapping system and a plane-parallel plate with an aiming mark and scales additionally differentially move so that to ensure the displacement of the main points of the components of the wrapping system and the vertex of the aiming mark in the direction perpendicular the uniform optical axis of the lens and eyepiece, while the values of these displacements provide proportional distances from the axial point of the second plane of the actual image to the corresponding moving components of the wrapping system and plane-parallel plate. 2. A method of changing the direction of the sighting axis in an optical sight containing the following elements of the optical system: lens, team, components of the wrapping system, creating a second real image, differentiation moving along the optical axis of the wrapping system, a plane-parallel plate with an aiming mark and scales mounted in the plane of the second intermediate real image, and the eyepiece, the change in direction of the axis of sight in which is carried out by the movements of the elements of the optical systems with a fixed sight, characterized in that the lens corrects for aberrations within an angular field equal to the sum of the largest angular field of the optical system of the sight and the largest magnitude of the change in direction of the sighting axis of the sight, the components of the reversing system are additionally differentially moved so as to provide displacements of the main points components of the wrapping system in a direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the lens and eyepiece, while the magnitudes of these displacements provide They are proportional to the distances from the axial point of the second real image to the corresponding moving components of the wrapping system. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the plane-parallel plate with the brand and the components of the wrapping system are swinging together on the ball bearing, while the center of the ball bearing is combined with the axial point of the plane of the second actual image. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the team or individual lenses of the lens are movable along the optical axis of the lens. 5. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the components of the wrapping system are swinging together on the ball bearing, while the center of the ball bearing is combined with the axial point of the plane of the second actual image. 6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the team or individual lenses of the lens are movable along the optical axis of the lens. 7. A variable zoom sight, consisting of a two-component lens, the first component of which contains the first positive, second negative and third single positive lenses, the second negative component of which has the shape of a meniscus and is a focusing, positive team, plane-parallel plate with an aiming mark and scales, wraps a system comprising two glued components that move differentially along the optical axis of the wrapping system, a field diaphragm, and three component eyepiece, characterized in that the first positive and second negative lenses of the first lens component are single, the focusing meniscus of the lens is glued from two lenses and faces with a concave surface to the first lens component, the team is made in the form of a plano-convex lens and is installed along the rays in front of the plane of the first of a real image, a single lens is additionally introduced into each of the components of the wrapping system, into the wrapping system in front of the field diaphragm additionally installed a negative lens, a plane-parallel plate with an aiming mark and scales, and a wrapping system made together swinging around a point aligned with the axial point of the plane of the second real image, and the following relations are true:
f'tgα = L · tgβ,
where f 'is the equivalent focal length of the lens and the team;
L is the distance along the optical axis between the first and second planes of the actual images (the length of the wrapping system);
β is the angle of swing of a plane-parallel plate with an aiming mark and scales and a wrapping system;
α is the angle of change of direction of the line of sight 8. The sight according to claim 7, characterized in that the single lens additionally introduced into the first component of the wrapping system is made in the form of a negative meniscus facing the plane of the first actual image with a concave surface, the single lens additionally introduced into the second component of the wrapping system is made in the form of a positive meniscus facing a concave surface to the plane of the second intermediate image, an additional negative lens installed in front of the field diaphragm is made in in the form of a meniscus, convex side facing the plane of the field diaphragm, the first along the rays of the lens of the eyepiece is made positive, the second negative component of the lens is glued from two lenses, and the following relationships occur:
φ _1l.ob = - (1 ÷ 1,2) φ _2l.o.
φ _{dl 1k} = - (0,4 ÷ 0,6) φ _squl . _1k ; φ _squl.2k = - (0.4 ÷ 0.6) φ _dl.2k ;
φ _d = - (0.6 ÷ 0.7) φ _ok ;
φ _1l.ok = (1 ÷ 1,2) φ _ok ;
φ _1l.2k = - (0.4 ÷ 0.6) φ _{2l.2k rev} ;
L≥f ';
where φ _1l.ob , φ _2l.ob - optical power of the first positive and second negative lenses of the first component of the lens;
φ _{dl 1k} , φ _{dl 2k} - optical power of single lenses, additionally introduced respectively in the first and second along the rays of the component of the wrapping system;
φ _{squl. 1k} , φ _{squl. 2k} - the optical power of the glued lenses, respectively, of the first and second along the rays of the components of the wrapping system;
φ _d is the optical power of an additional negative lens installed in front of the field diaphragm;
φ _ok - the optical power of the eyepiece;
φ _1l.oc - the optical power of the first along the rays of the eyepiece lens;
φ _{1l.2k rev} , φ _{2l.2k rev} - the optical forces of the first and second lenses of the second negative lens component, respectively. 9. The sight according to any one of paragraphs.7 and 8, characterized in that the team has a slight movement along the optical axis of the lens. 10. The sight according to any one of paragraphs.7 and 8, characterized in that the second negative component of the lens and the team are made with the possibility of joint movement along the optical axis of the lens.

Images