RU2755111C1 - Exercise apparatus for development of the ankle joint, methods for manufacture and application thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical equipment.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions pertaining to an exercise apparatus for development of the ankle joint, methods for manufacture and use thereof for exercise relates to the field of sports, medicine, sports equipment and exercise apparatuses used in aesthetic sports (rhythmic gymnastics) and art (ballet). The exercise apparatus constitutes a training apparatus used in exercise, shaped so as to provide a possibility to place the foot thereon accounting for the anthropometric structural features thereof with maximum passive extension in the metatarsophalangeal joints, which artificially restricts the mobility of the foot joints due to the blockage of the transverse tarsal joint and the tension of the plantar aponeurosis, allowing for smooth amplitude movement between the foot and the lower leg in the ankle joint, rolling on the surface of the floor from the front of the exercise apparatus to the back. The apparatus consists of parts interconnected consecutively into a body, made of solid wood and exhibiting the identical external contour: part 1-left cheek, part 2 - right cheek, three internal parts of the body of the machine part 3 - intermediate cheek, provided with internal cutouts for reducing the weight of the exercise apparatus, three parts 6 - rod, intended to be located in holes on the inner surface of parts 1, 2 and 3. The parts of the body of the exercise apparatus are made on a machine with computer numerical control according to preset dimensions, fastened consecutively under a press with PVA adhesive, sanded when assembled, and coated with an alkyd transparent varnish, followed by consecutively connecting the body of the apparatus with one part 4 - heel support, one part 5 - toe support made of microporous rubber, and two parts 7 - anti-slip lining made of polyamide self-adhesive tape. Prior to exercising, the trainee places the supporting foot on the upper surface of the exercise apparatus and provides stability thereto. Holding the gymnastic machine with hands, performs exercises, simultaneously rolling on the surface of the floor on the lower surface of the exercise apparatus from the front thereof to the back, and vice versa. Performs smooth amplitude movement with the foot or lower leg, including bending and extension in the ankle joint, passive extension of all toes of the foot.

EFFECT: increase in the effectiveness of exercise is provided due to the development of the ankle joint as a result of increasing the mobility thereof and raising the level of control during exercise, facilitation of manufacture of the exercise apparatus.

8 cl, 16 dwg, 2 tbl, 6 ex

Description

The group of inventions relates to the field of sports, medicine, sports equipment, in particular to training devices used in aesthetic sports (rhythmic gymnastics) and art (ballet).

A group of inventions is claimed - a simulator for the development of the ankle joint, methods of its manufacture and use for performing exercises for the development and training of the ankle joint, including for increasing its mobility and control in ballet dancers, artistic gymnasts and other trainees. The device can be used by both adults and children during various exercises, including warm-up, to develop the trainees' coordination of movements. The simulator can also be used for therapeutic, rehabilitation and prophylactic purposes, including to prevent the development of functional conditions and diseases of the foot associated with increased physical activity in children and adults. It can also be used to develop movement coordination. The recommended age of using the simulator for children is from seven years).

The biomechanics of the foot and ankle joint are very important for the normal functioning of the human lower limb. The foot is the outermost link in the lower kinetic chain that resists external stress. Correct arthrokinematic movement within the foot and ankle affects the ability of the lower limb to reduce load during support. It is important for the lower limb to distribute and dissipate compression, tensile, shear and rotational forces during the stance phase. Inadequate distribution of these forces can cause increased stress and potentially destroy connective tissue and muscles [1].

During dance or other physical exercise, the feet are under tremendous stress. Therefore, they are given increased attention from an early age - pupils and female students begin to train them from the first day of classes and continue throughout their professional life. After all, it is the strong and mobile joints of the feet that contribute to the distribution of the load of the whole body during the dance correctly and evenly. This is especially true for people involved in ballet and rhythmic gymnastics. For admission to a ballet school, an increased requirement is given to the bending of the foot or the rise. Only a few have the natural strength and flexibility of the foot, they have to constantly train to develop these qualities.

The most common causes of impaired mobility (mobility) of the ankle joint are insufficient functional readiness of the muscles of the anterior and posterior surface of the lower leg, which, due to their tension, can limit flexion and extension in the ankle joint. In flexion, this leads to compensation of part of the amplitude in the ankle joint by pronation of the foot, which is extremely unacceptable in choreography and rhythmic gymnastics. Regular pronation in the Chopar joint changes the normal biomechanics of choreographic and sports elements, and in the process of active growth can lead to the development of functional abnormalities and diseases of the foot. Since choreographic and sports training consists in regular, intensive physical exercises associated with a large number of jumps, maximum flexion in the ankle joint without pronation of the foot is the key to successful mastering of skills. For example, the height and correctness of the jump depends on the depth of the “Demi plie” element (squatting with the knees directed towards the feet - flexion of the knee and ankle joints without pronation of the foot). The ankle trainer, thanks to its shape and the exercises offered to it, allows you to train the depth of the “Demi plie” element, acting on the muscles of the back of the lower leg. In extension, the length and tension of the anterior leg muscles can limit the range of motion in the ankle joint. Whereas choreographic and sports elements are performed with the transfer of body weight to the transverse arch and maximum extension of the knee joint. This causes difficulties and a violation of the technique of performing the elements. The ankle trainer, thanks to its shape and the exercises performed, allows you to develop the skill of ankle extension.

As a rule, the reasons for impaired control of the ankle joint (stability) are a decrease in the stability of the foot and compensation of amplitude movements of the ankle joint with the foot due to pronation. With regular repetition, this becomes the motor stereotype of the given movement and is included in all movement patterns. To prevent loss of stability, it is proposed to perform exercises on the ankle development simulator, which increase the control of the foot position. A common mistake when performing these elements ("Releve", "Demi pointe") is the shift in body weight to the first metatarsophalangeal joint of the supporting leg. This is due to the loss of control in the Chopar joint and the load axis is shifted from the second toe to the first. Regular execution of such movements with a violation of the execution technique will lead to an increase in the load on the first metatarsophalangeal joint and the development of functional abnormalities of the foot.

In ballet, choreography and sports, the ankle joint must be sufficiently developed, i.e. movable, allowing the foot to remain mobile at the moment of performing amplitude movements in the ankle joint and to be sufficiently stable (controlled), allowing to ensure the stability of the trainee (athlete) during the performance of professional elements, especially when the load on the transverse arch is shifted. In orthopedics, this is the prevention of the development of certain conditions and diseases of the foot, for example, flat-valgus placement of the foot, Hallux Valgus, the formation of an additional navicular bone.

For physical training in mass physical culture, ballet, sports and orthopedics, various simulators and training devices are used that allow you to train various muscle groups in various modes of muscle contraction.

From the generally available prior art, a number of simulators and devices, both foreign and Russian, are known, intended, inter alia, for training leg muscles. However, the design of such devices, as a rule, is rather complicated, which may be a disadvantage. Analogous devices consist of a large number of elements, which complicates their manufacture. In addition, the structures can be cumbersome or inconvenient in operation due to the large number of adjustable parameters. The difference between the devices lies, among other things, in the method of fastening the elements of the device on the lower limbs or in a certain contact between them. The device can be attached to the soles of the foot, or contact occurs when individual portions of the lower limbs are applied to a specific part of the device.

Stationary ballet barrels are standard equipment in dance studios and exercise rooms. Ballet machines are used by dancers and people who exercise to maintain balance during stretching, dancing, cardio, strength training and other types of physical exercise. Traditional freestanding ballet machines in the prior art have been relatively heavy and awkward to transport and use. In addition, they were often difficult to store as they are difficult to fold into a compact design.

Today, foot training is limited to special muscle tension or the use of large balancing platforms in fitness centers. Standard balancing platforms are bulky and oversized. In the prior art, scaled-down versions of balancing platforms are known for exercising, maintaining balance and improving the effectiveness of training the foot at home for the whole family. These are sets of exercise machines for feet "Trainer" Kachai.Noga 1 "and" Trainer "Kachai.Noga 2", developed by A.S. Semenov [2]. The trainers are made of solid beech wood and varnished. "The exercise machine" Kachai.Noga 1 "(patent for industrial design RU 117161 dated 01.04.2020) works with the fact that the foot functions like a spiral. The forefoot and hindfoot move in 3 planes relative to each other. The design of the simulator is compact and versatile, allowing you to use the simulator anywhere, for example, take it with you to training sessions. A close analogue in terms of external performance is the "Kachai.Noga 2" simulator.

The disadvantage is that the form of performance of the analog simulator does not allow achieving the greatest effect from training in choreography, ballet, rhythmic gymnastics and other aesthetic sports. The simulator does not have a shape that allows you to perform the entire range of motion required in choreography and aesthetic sports, especially elements with maximum extension of the ankle joint with the movement of body weight to the transverse arch. This is a determining factor, since most of the elements in ballet, choreography, rhythmic gymnastics are performed in a state of maximum extension of the ankle joint and extension of the metatarsophalangeal joints with the movement of body weight to the transverse arch.

From the conducted patent research, it follows that very few technical solutions have been patented as inventions and useful models related to simulators and training devices, including those that meet the requirements of compactness and mobility and are used in the field of ballet, choreography and other sports. Most of the patented technical solutions are related to the field of medicine.

Restoration of the functional state of the lower extremities, namely the physiological range of motion in the joints, as well as the entire musculoskeletal system, is directly related to the normalization of the circulatory system, the lymphatic system, elimination of inflammatory processes, and removal of edema. The use of exercise equipment for these purposes is aimed at eliminating the insufficiency of the functions of the skeletal muscles and restoring the nutrition of the spine and joints. In addition, the physical significance of exercises with elements of maintaining balance lies in the development of strength and muscle coordination when changing the position of the body in space.

For example, the Chinese patent for the useful model "Folding limb-sport exerciser") is known. CN 2930776 (Y) [3] is a folding limb trainer that can be easily carried and used in sports such as water ballet and gymnastics.

Known patent for the invention "Ballet basic trainer and matching ballet basic training measuring apparatus)) WO 2019052107 [4], also patented in Japan.

Known technical solution disclosed in the British patent for the invention "A trainer for operatic and toe-point dancing" GB 228629 [5].

Known Exercise machine for lifting the foot "Ballet foot stretch" - effective stretching and lifting of the foot, as well as a method for its manufacture and use, developed by David Campos [6], selected for the closest analogue (prototype) for the second aspect of the group of inventions - a method of manufacturing the claimed exercise machine. The simulator allows you to stretch the tendons, strengthen the joints and, accordingly, the foot itself, so that later it can experience daily physical activity. It also helps to develop the soleus and calf muscles without unnecessary effort and pain, forms beautiful lines of the foot, for example, the so-called "bird" ("heel forward"). It is one of the safest and most effective foot trainers that can enhance your training performance and make it easier to perform certain exercises. The trainer has three main sizes, the smallest - up to 37, and the largest - up to 44. If the leg is larger, the size is regulated by special rubber pads. The simulator is made of plastic and durable wood, varnished, without cracks, burrs, the surface must be smooth. During exercise, the foot can sweat and therefore it is necessary to exclude the effect of moisture on the tree.

The simulator has a simple design and ease of use. It is a wave-like structure made of wood or plastic, at the base of which there is a special retaining clip to hold the foot. It helps to reduce the load on the foot during training, since when using the simulator, the muscles of the foot are safely and painlessly stretched, the calf muscles are developed and strengthened. Thus, the foot is prepared for training, and is ready to withstand the loads during training, which allows you to improve the result in a shorter time. In order for the exercises with the simulator to be more effective, it is necessary to complete a set of exercises before using it. They will help warm up the foot and prepare it for the machine. Thus, the foot will be able to stay in it much longer. When the foot is warmed up, the Ballet foot stretch can be used. The exercise machine must be placed on a smooth, non-bumpy surface. Place the heel of the foot in a special recess on the simulator, pulling out the toe - fix it with a holder made of silicone material. The foot should be in this position for a while. If you feel severe pain, then the exercise must be stopped for the first time. The level of load must be increased gradually, without overcoming the pain. The time spent by the foot in the simulator is controlled independently.

In addition, there is a known method of manufacturing and using a gymnastic trainer for raising the foot and stretching, including for children [7]. The gymnastic trainer is made of pine and is used for ballet training.

From an array of patented technical solutions, a number of patents, both Russian and foreign, are known, related to simulators and training devices that have a similar effect on the ankle in the form of rocking movements during sports training, which are also used to develop coordination of movement and for rehabilitation purposes, but have a common the disadvantage is a rather complex design. Below are some of them.

Known patent for the invention "Training device for the muscles of the back and legs" RU 2676493 [8]. The objective of the invention is to expand the arsenal of sports simulators. The technical result is to increase the efficiency of training athletes. The training device for the development of the muscles of the back and legs of an athlete contains vertical struts installed on the platform, on which a device for placing the pelvic region of the athlete's body and a mechanism for securing the ankles made in the form of a block of two pads are mounted. The athlete, firstly, exercises control over the fulfillment of the motor action of the trunk in different directions (up-down, right-left) and, secondly, provides safety techniques, which allows the athlete to perform the exercise more confidently. Regulation of the initial position of the legs is carried out by the athlete himself or by the instructor by installing a mechanism for securing the legs in the area of the ankle joints. The use of this training device makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of an athlete's training in the process of improving the strength of the muscles of the back and legs both in dynamic and static modes due to smooth regulation of the load value, taking into account the individual physical capabilities of the athlete and, therefore, to increase the specific qualities of the manifestation of motor abilities of various muscles. , including the shins. The device for developing the strength of the muscles of the back and legs is safe to use and meets the requirements for sports equipment.

Known patent for a group of inventions "Trainer for legs (options)" RU 2718344, [9]. The group of inventions relates to training devices and is intended for the development, strengthening and restoration of muscles or joints of the lower extremities, and can also be used to develop coordination of movement and for rehabilitation purposes. The leg trainer includes two means of movement along a common rail, interconnected with the corresponding platforms for the feet. The platforms are made with the possibility of turning about the vertical axis and adjusting the angle of inclination relative to the horizontal plane, and are interconnected with weighting agents made with the possibility of adjusting the weight. The simulator is designed taking into account the natural movements of the human body, which ensures the safety of training, the absence of unnecessary stress on the joints and, as a result, the minimum risk of stretching or damaging the muscles and ligaments.

The disadvantage is the insufficient range of exercises performed and low training efficiency, due to the inability to change the position of the feet and the inability to change the training load, which limits their use in rehabilitation treatment, as well as general physical training.

Known patent for the invention "Device for training leg muscles" RU 2194557 [10]. The device contains a means for creating a load and two cradles, each of which has contact with the entire surface of the foot, a means for adjusting the density of its fit and a sole, at least one embedded element placed inside the sole of each cradle, which does not prevent the use of cradles as a shoe, having at least one section used as an attachment element with means for creating a load, while the embedded element is designed in such a way that it distributes the load on the sole section, providing the necessary strength. The use of this invention allows to expand the operational capabilities of the device, provides an increase in the effectiveness of training by expanding the functionality.

Known training device for ballet dancers "Foot stretcher" (Ballet dancer), made of high quality pine. The ballet dancer training device is a device for stretching the legs, forming ligaments, acting on the principle of a lever and allowing you to fix the back of the foot and give it an ideal shape (https://aliexpress.ru/item/33012277584.htmt found on the Internet 10.09 .2020) [11].

Known patent for a useful model "Rehabilitation exercise machine for legs" RU No. 133416 U1 [12]. Rehabilitation leg trainer, including a base with at least one leg platform attached to it, with the possibility of oscillatory movement and installed at an angle relative to an imaginary horizontal plane, ensuring full natural adherence of the human foot to the leg platform in a sitting or lying position , while the platform for the legs is equipped with a limiting heel pad and / or a limiting strap, the base in the form of a plate is equipped with anti-slip pads. The device is designed to provide a load sufficient to improve venous blood flow. To improve the convenience of transportation and storage, the device can be folded.

Known utility model patent RU No. 193024 U1 "Massager - trainer for the feet" [13], selected for the closest analogue (prototype) for the first aspect of the group of inventions - trainer for the development of the ankle joint. The useful model relates to physical culture and sports, as well as to therapeutic and restorative medicine, in particular to devices and simulators designed for active exercises aimed at developing and restoring ligaments, muscles, joints and bones of the lower extremities. An exercise machine for developing the foot can be useful not only for professional ballerinas and athletes, but for any ordinary person to maintain healthy legs. The technical result of the utility model is to simplify the design.

Known patent for the invention "Method for correcting the arch of the foot with flat feet" RU 2696059 [14], selected for the closest analogue (prototype) for the third aspect of the group of inventions - a method of using the above simulator. The described method includes a set of exercises aimed at correcting flat feet, carried out, among other things, on the Galileo vibration platform, characterized in that, with the help of a methodologist, a complex of therapeutic exercises from exercises is carried out with the child, standing on the platform. The technical result of the invention consists in increasing the activity of the muscles of the arches of the feet, enhancing their strength endurance.

Known patent for the invention "Portable ballet machine for exercise" RU 2667298 [15], characterizing a portable device for exercise.

Known patent for the invention "Device for biomechanical effects on the human body" RU No. 2501589 [16]. Described is a training device related to the field of medicine and sports for biomechanical action on the body, containing a base support designed to accommodate the lower limbs of a person, including layers of springs that provide oscillatory movement along the x, y and z axes and rotation in the horizontal plane.

The disadvantage of this device is the complexity and low reliability of its design during operation, as well as the difficulty of adapting to it in the case of untrained persons.

Summarizing the above in relation to the investigated prior art, the claimed group of inventions can be recognized as meeting the criteria of patentability "Novelty" and "Inventive step" before the date of the claimed priority.

The technical problem is that there is a need to expand the arsenal of simulators and training devices for more effective exercise performance, to create a portable exercise training device that is lightweight, versatile in size for trainees of different ages, which is easy to transport and store compared to devices. known from the prior art. Additionally, there is a need for a free-standing, mobile training device with improved design and fewer components to simplify the manufacturing and assembly process.

The goal is to create a stand-alone, compact, mobile trainer for the development of the ankle joint in a trainee.

The task is to create the possibility of increasing the efficiency of training as a result of the development of the ankle joint by increasing its mobility (mobility) and control (stability) of the ankle joint during exercises using the simulator, including choreographic elements, during the training period of training children and adults.

In order to solve the problem, the author has developed a simulator for the development of the ankle joint, a method for its manufacture and use for performing exercises. In this regard, the form of the simulator has been specially developed, which allows performing choreographic elements as close as possible to the requirements of choreography and sports. The lower surface of the simulator allows, when carrying out the transfer of body weight to the transverse arch (for example, the choreographic element - "Releve") and performing the elements on the transverse arch (for example, the choreographic element - "Demi pointe"), to maximally straighten the ankle joint, taking into account the already increased mobility this joint in people doing choreography. This allows the simulator to be maximally adapted for choreographic and sports elements. The developed form of the simulator allows you to combine exercises for the development of mobility (mobility) and control (stability) of the ankle joint. The set of exercises performed with the use of a simulator for the development of the ankle allows you to get as close as possible to the end result - an increase in the physical capabilities of the trainee.

The technical result for the first and second aspects of the claimed group of inventions - a simulator for the development of the ankle joint and a method for its manufacture, is to simplify the design of the simulator while ensuring the compactness of the device, reducing its dimensions and weight through the use of cutouts in the internal parts of the body, simplifying and accelerating the manufacturing process simulator.

The technical result for the third aspect of the group of inventions - the method of using the claimed simulator, consists in increasing the effectiveness of training due to the development of the ankle joint as a result of increasing its mobility (mobility) and control (stability) during exercise, as well as in improving the performance characteristics, ensuring accurate control of the training process, increasing their safety, in expanding the range of health-improving and training exercises performed.

As a result of using the claimed simulator when performing exercises, a technical result is achieved - an increase in the effectiveness of training due to the development of the ankle joint as a result of improving its mobility (mobility) and control (stability) during exercise. There was an increase in mobility (amplitude of flexion and extension) in the ankle joint, which in the studied group of trainees ranged from 3 ° to 7 ° during a month of regular exercises using the simulator, as well as an increase in control of the supporting limb at the time of performing choreographic elements. More than half of the respondents reported a subjective improvement in stability (control) after exercising on a simulator for the development of the ankle and maintaining a given position in a time equivalent by 17-22% more than before starting workouts with a simulator. A decrease in pain at the time of maximum flexion in the ankle joint was noted by 90% of the respondents. The effectiveness of training with the use of the simulator is increased due to the development of stable and mobile function of the ankle joint (tables 1 and 2).

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the presented method of development of the ankle joint comprehensively includes the possibility of performing exercises as close as possible to sports and choreographic elements, which are characterized by maximum flexion and extension in the ankle joint. Choreographic and sports elements, performed with a shift in body weight to the transverse arch, require maximum extension of the ankle joint, which is achieved by the shape of the simulator. Also, the shape of the simulator allows you to perform maximum flexion in the ankle joint in isolation from the joints of the foot, which removes unnecessary stress from the joints of the foot and allows the ankle to be more mobile.

The main advantage of the claimed trainer for the development of the ankle over the known analogs from the prior art is a simplified design, mobility of the device (which makes it easy to move a stand-alone trainer and use it in various specially designed rooms for training and workouts, as well as at home, ease of use even in childhood, isolated work of the ankle joint and surrounding muscles.Due to its shape, the ankle trainer provides movement in the ankle joint.The specially designed shape of the trainer allows you to stretch the plantar aponeurosis, blocking movements in the Chopard joint. in the ankle due to pronation.This is very common when doing exercises in children in a state of maximum extension in the ankle joint (half fingers). Performing regular exercises to improve mobility the ankle joint, the load on the joints of the foot decreases, which is the prevention of the development of certain conditions and diseases of the foot associated with increased physical activity and an increase in the load on the foot during the period of active growth of the child.

Summarizing the above, the claimed group of inventions makes it possible to fully develop the ankle joint and achieve an increase in the effectiveness of training, which is necessary in the sports and choreographic training of children and adults, as well as to prevent a number of orthopedic diseases. A mobile, movable ankle joint is the key to maintaining the health of the foot. A stable, controlled ankle joint is the key to developing stability in movement and maintaining a position during exercise.

Thus, the developed device has a simple and easy-to-use design both for training athletes, ballet dancers, and can be used for rehabilitation and prophylactic stabilization of the anatomical and physiological functions of the musculoskeletal system of other categories of people, therefore, the group of inventions can be used for implementation a new type of gymnastic simulators. The proposed group of inventions can be recognized as meeting the criterion of patentability "Industrial applicability".

The set of essential features by which technical results are achieved from the implementation of the proposed group of inventions is presented below, namely:

"1. An ankle development simulator, which is a training device used when performing exercises, characterized in that the device has a shape that allows the foot to be placed on it, taking into account the anthropometric features of its structure with maximum passive extension in the metatarsophalangeal joints, which artificially limits the mobility of the joints of the foot for due to the Choparov block of the joint and the tension of the plantar aponeurosis, allowing for a smooth amplitude movement between the foot and the lower leg in the ankle joint, rolling over the floor surface from the front of the simulator to the back, consists of parts connected in series to each other in the body and having the same external contour, including Detail 1 Left cheek, made of solid solid wood and being the left outer surface of the simulator, Detail 2 Right cheek, made of solid solid wood and being the right outer surface of the simulator, three internal parts of the body part 3 Intermediate cheek, made of solid wood and having internal cutouts to lighten the weight of the simulator, Part 4 Heel support and Part 5 Toe support, made of microporous rubber and located at a distance that allows you to perform exercises without displacing the foot relative to the body of the simulator, three Parts 6 A rod made of solid wood and designed to be located in the holes on the inner surface of Parts 1, 2 and 3, two Parts 7 Anti-slip pad made of self-adhesive polyamide tape and located on the lower surface of the simulator body with the ability to provide the necessary grip of the simulator with floor surface when performing exercises without slipping.

2. The simulator according to claim. 1, characterized in that the basis of the device is a body with dimensions of 390 × 180 × 90 mm.

3. The simulator according to claim. 1, characterized in that the body is made of solid wood, mainly, but not limited to, pine, and can be made of other types of wood and / or materials.

4. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the insertable Part 4 of the heel support and Part 5 of the toe support are made of microporous rubber with a thickness of 5 mm, while Part 4 has dimensions of 145 × 92 × 5 mm, Part 5 has dimensions of 62 × 92 × 5 mm and glued onto BF-2 glue.

5. The simulator according to claim. 1, characterized in that Part 6 Rod has a length of 70 mm and a diameter of 8 mm.

6. The exercise machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower surface of its body is equipped with two anti-slip pads Detail 7, made of polyamide self-adhesive tape with dimensions 380 × 20 × 1 mm and located at a distance of 30 mm from its front part.

7. A method of manufacturing a simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the parts of the body of the simulator, including one Part 1, one Part 2, three Parts 3 and three Parts 6, are manufactured on a numerically controlled machine according to the specified dimensions, sequentially fastened under a press using PVA glue, grind the assembly and cover with an alkyd transparent varnish, after which the body of the simulator is connected in series with one Part 4 Heel support, one part 5 Toe support and two Parts 7 Anti-slip pad, while Part 4 is located in the back of the upper surface of the body the simulator and under the press is fixed in it with BF-2 glue, Part 5 is located in the front part of the upper surface of the simulator body and under the press is fixed in it with BF-2 glue, two Parts 7 are located on the lower part of the simulator body surface at a distance of 5 mm from the right and left edges of the simulator.

8. A method of using the simulator according to claim 1 for performing exercises, characterized in that the trainee places his foot on the simulator before performing the exercises, characterized in that the trainee places the supporting foot on the upper surface of the simulator and gives it stability, after which the trainee, holding his hands for gymnastic machine, performs exercises, simultaneously rolling over the floor surface on the lower surface of the simulator from its front to the back and vice versa, performing an oscillatory movement relative to the horizontal plane, allowing for smooth amplitude movement of the foot or lower leg, including flexion and extension in the ankle joint, passive extension all toes of the trainee's foot while providing a load sufficient for the development of the ankle joint as a result of increasing its mobility and increasing control during exercise. "

The essence of the claimed group of inventions is illustrated by drawings that do not cover and, moreover, do not limit the scope of claims for these solutions, but are only illustrative materials of particular cases of the device and the implementation of the claimed methods, where:

in fig. 1 shows a front view of the simulator;

in fig. 2 shows a view of the simulator on the left;

in fig. 3 shows a top view of the simulator;

in fig. 4 shows Detail 1 of the simulator (Left cheek);

in fig. 5 shows Detail 2 of the simulator (Right cheek);

in fig. 6 shows Detail 3 of the simulator (intermediate cheek);

in fig. 7 depicts Exercise Machine Part 4 (Heel Support);

in fig. 8 depicts Machine Part 5 (Toe Support);

in fig. 9 depicts Part 6 of the simulator (Rod);

in fig. 10 shows part 7 of the trainer (Anti-slip pad);

in fig. 11 shows an assembly diagram;

in fig. 12 shows an assembly diagram;

in fig. 13 shows the position of the foot on the machine;

in fig. 14 depicts a method of performing an exercise to develop mobility of the ankle joint;

in fig. 15 depicts a method of performing an exercise to develop mobility in the ankle joint and Chopard's joint;

in fig. 16 depicts a method of performing an ankle stability exercise.

DESCRIPTION OF THE SIMULATOR FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ANKLE JOINT.

The trainer for the development of the ankle joint is a free-standing training device, the shape of which allows the foot to be placed on it, taking into account the anthropometric features of its structure with maximum passive extension in the metatarsophalangeal joints, and is used when performing exercises. The simulator is made with the possibility of placing the foot on it in a state close to neutral in the Chopar joint (without hyperpronation and without hypersupination), which ensures the correct anatomical position of the foot on the surface when exposed to gravity. The shape of the simulator allows for oscillatory movements relative to the horizontal plane, allowing for smooth amplitude movement of the foot or lower leg, rolling from the front of the simulator to the back and vice versa, flexing and extending the ankle joint, passive extension of all the trainee's toes.

The Ankle Trainer consists of the following parts, the dimensions of which are shown in the accompanying drawings (Fig. 5-11).

The first part is the left outer surface of the simulator. Has two surfaces: top and bottom. There are two grooves on the upper surface for insertion parts toe support (pos. 5) and heel support (pos. 4). The groove No. 1, located on the front part of the upper surface of part 1, is located at a distance of 110 mm from the front edge, with dimensions of 62 × 18 × 5 mm. The groove No. 2, located on the rear part of the upper surface of part 1, is located at a distance of 70 mm from the rear edge, with dimensions of 145 × 18 × 5 mm. In the front part of the upper surface of part 1 there is a protrusion - an emphasis under the phalanges of the fingers (is the bend of Part 1) with dimensions of 50 × 50 × 18 mm, located at an angle of 40 ° to the groove No. 1. The distance between groove # 1 and slot # 2 is 75 mm. Slot # 2 is 50 mm higher than slot # 1, the height difference is ensured by smooth bending of part 1 between slot # 1 and slot # 2. The lower surface of the simulator has a smooth bend, which provides the possibility of smooth movement of body weight during exercise on the simulator (Fig. 5). On the inner side of Part 1 there are three recesses with a diameter of 10 mm and a depth of 8 mm, the location is shown in Figure 5. The recesses are necessary for the location of Part 6. Part 1 is made of solid wood.

The second part is the right outer surface of the simulator Part 2 - Right cheek is a part with dimensions of 390 × 180 × 18 mm, made of wood, mainly, but not limited to, Siberian pine, can be made of other types of wood. Has two surfaces: top and bottom. There are two grooves on the upper surface for insertion parts toe support (pos. 5) and heel support (pos. 4). The groove No. 1, located on the front part of the upper surface of part 2, is located at a distance of 110 mm from the front edge, with dimensions of 62 × 18 × 5 mm. The groove No. 2, located on the rear part of the upper surface of part 2, is located at a distance of 70 mm from the rear edge, with dimensions of 145 × 18 × 5 mm. In the front part of the upper surface of part 2 there is a protrusion - an emphasis under the phalanges of the fingers (is the bend of Part 2) with dimensions of 50 × 50 × 18 mm, located at an angle of 40 ° to the groove No. 1. The distance between groove # 1 and slot # 2 is 75 mm. Slot # 2 is 50 mm higher than slot # 1, the height difference is ensured by smooth bending of part 2 between slot # 1 and slot # 2. The lower surface of the simulator has a smooth bend, which provides the possibility of smooth movement of body weight during exercise on the simulator (Fig. 6). On the inner side of Part 2 there are three recesses with a diameter of 10 mm and a depth of 8 mm, the location is shown in Figure 6. The recesses are necessary for the location of Part 6. Part 2 is made of solid wood.

The third part is an internal part of the body of the simulator Part 3 - The cheek is intermediate and is used as part of the body of the simulator in the amount of three pieces - this is a part with dimensions of 390 × 180 × 18 mm, made of wood, mainly, but not limited to, from Siberian pine, can be made from other types of wood. Has two surfaces: top and bottom. There are two grooves on the upper surface for insertion parts toe support (pos. 5) and heel support (pos. 4). The groove No. 1, located on the front part of the upper surface of part 3, is located at a distance of 110 mm from the front edge, with dimensions of 62 × 18 × 5 mm. The groove No. 2, located on the back of the upper surface of part 3, is located at a distance of 70 mm from the rear edge, with dimensions of 145 × 18 × 5 mm. In the front part of the upper surface of part 3, there is a protrusion - an emphasis under the phalanges of the fingers (this is the bend of Part 3) with dimensions of 50 × 50 × 18 mm, located at an angle of 40 ° to the groove No. 1. The distance between groove # 1 and slot # 2 is 75 mm. Slot # 2 is 50 mm higher than slot # 1, the height difference is ensured by smooth bending of part 3 between slot # 1 and slot # 2. The lower surface of the simulator has a smooth bend, which provides the possibility of smooth movement of body weight during exercise on the simulator (Fig. 7). On the lower surface in the rear part there is a ledge at a distance of 12 mm from the rear edge of Part 3 with dimensions of 22 × 20 × 18 mm. On the inside of Part 3 there are three holes with a diameter of 10 mm, the location is shown in Figure 7. The recesses are necessary for the location of Part 6. Part 3 has internal cutouts to lighten the weight of the machine. The location of the cutouts is shown in Figure 7.

The fourth part - Heel support (Part 4), made of microporous rubber 5 mm thick, dimensions 145 × 92 × 5 mm, shown in Figure 8.

Fifth detail - Toe support (Detail 5), made of 5 mm thick microporous rubber with dimensions 62 × 92 × 5 mm, shown in Figure 9.

Parts No. 4 and No. 5 have a universal size, which allows using the simulator for exercising by trainees of different ages and, accordingly, foot sizes.

The sixth part - Rod (Part 6), is a part 70 mm long with a diameter of 8 mm, made of wood, mainly, but not limited to, Siberian pine, can be made of other types of wood (Fig. 10). The rod is designed to be positioned in the holes on the inner surface of Parts 1-3.

Seventh detail - Anti-slip pad (Detail 7) made of polyamide self-adhesive tape 380 × 20 × 1 mm, located on the lower surface of the simulator body at a distance of 30 mm from the front of the lower surface (Fig. 11).

Serial connection of Part 1, three Parts 3 and Part 2 by sequentially placing on three Rods (Part 6) through holes with a diameter of 8 mm on the inner side of Parts 1-3 and gluing the resulting structure under pressure with polyvinyl acetate (PVA) glue GOST 18992-80, presented on the Assembly diagram (fig. 13). The resulting structure is a body of the simulator, which is polished in assembly and coated with a transparent alkyd varnish. The body of the simulator consists of Part 1 (1 pc.), Part 2 (1 pc.), Part 3 (3 pcs.), Part 6 (3 pcs.), Glued together.

The body of the simulator with dimensions of 390 × 180 × 90 mm has two surfaces: upper and lower. There are two grooves on the upper surface for insertion parts toe support (pos. 5) and heel support (pos. 4). Groove # 1, located on the front part of the upper surface of the simulator body, is located at a distance of 110 mm from the front edge, measuring 62 × 90 × 5 mm. Groove # 2, located on the back of the upper surface of the simulator body, is located at a distance of 70 mm from the rear edge, with dimensions of 145 × 90 × 5 mm. In the front part of the upper surface of the body of the simulator there is a protrusion - an emphasis under the phalanges of the fingers (which is the bend of the body of the simulator) with dimensions of 50 × 50 × 90 mm, located at an angle of 40 ⁰ to the groove No. 1. The distance between groove # 1 and slot # 2 is 75 mm. Slot # 2 is 50 mm higher than slot # 1, the height difference is ensured by smooth bending of the simulator body between slot # 1 and slot # 2. The lower surface of the simulator has a smooth bend, which provides the possibility of smooth movement of body weight during exercise on the simulator (Fig. 4).

Serial connection of the simulator body with Part 4 (1 pc.), Part 5 (1 pc.) And Part 7 (2 pcs.) Is shown in the Assembly diagram (Fig. 12). Part 4 is located in Groove 2, located at the rear of the simulator and under the press with PVA glue GOST 18992-80 is fixed in it. Part 5 is located in Groove 1, located in the front of the simulator and under the press with PVA glue GOST 18992-80 is fixed in it. Two Parts 7 are positioned along the bottom surface of the Machine Body at a distance of 5mm from the right and left edges of the machine, as shown in Figure 2.

The shape of the simulator ensures the correct fixation of the foot for the entire range of exercises (Fig. 4).

The materials given in the present description and the claims, from which, if necessary, the above-described Details of the simulator 1-3 and 6 can be made in accordance with the doctrine of equivalents can be changed depending on the desired characteristics that seek to obtain in the practical implementation of the group of inventions, namely: can be made of wood, plastic, metal or other materials using similar glue and varnish.

The difference from the known analogs is that the assembled simulator has a special shape and bend, which allows the foot to be positioned with the maximum extension of all the toes of a person's foot, which includes two surfaces - lower and upper.

On the lower surface at the back there is a protrusion that limits the maximum flexion in the ankle joint. The protrusion is necessary for maintaining safety during the operation of the simulator. The front part of the lower surface of the simulator allows for maximum extension in the ankle joint, which is typical for ballet, choreography and sports (for example, the “Demi pointe” choreographic element). Movement in the front of the lower surface of the machine is limited by increasing the radius of the machine body. Along the edges of the lower surface of the simulator, at a distance of 30 mm from the front edge of the lower surface, anti-slip masonry in the form of polyamide strips are glued to the masonry, allowing for safety reasons to prevent the simulator from sliding over the surface of the floor of the room where the workout or training is taking place.

The upper surface of the simulator has a shape designed in such a way that the foot, being placed on the simulator, is not inclined to make movements between the middle and rear parts of the foot (Chopard's joint). This is provided due to the shape of the simulator itself, where in the front part there is a protrusion under the phalanges of the fingers, described above. The trainee, placing the foot on the simulator, thanks to this bend, makes a passive extension of all toes of the foot, which leads to the tension of the plantar aponeurosis. A stretched aponeurosis, attaching itself from the transverse arch to the calcaneus, blocks Chopard's joint, preventing pronation in the foot (pronation is a three-plane movement, manifested by a decrease in the longitudinal arch, lengthening of the foot and deviation of the calcaneus with the upper edge inward). On the upper surface of the trainer there are Groove 1 and Groove 2 filled with microporous rubber inserts: Part 5 Toe support and Part 4 Heel support. Groove 1 in the front part of the simulator is located under the transverse arch of the foot, in the rear part of the simulator Groove 2 is located under the heel bone and has a special shape, deeper towards the center. The inserts have a universal size and are located so that they can fit the size of the foot of both an adult and a child. Inserts made of microporous rubber protect the places of the greatest contact of the exerciser's foot with the exerciser and have an anti-slip effect for the purpose of safe use of the exercise equipment. Location of Parts 5 Toe support and 4 Heel support are designed in such a way that it allows you to perform exercises without moving the foot relative to the machine body.

When assembled, the body of the simulator has a special shape for a certain position of the foot on the upper surface. When the transverse arch of the foot is located on the Toe Support (pos. 5 of the Assembly diagram, Fig. 12), passive extension of all phalanges of the toes of the lower extremity occurs due to the shape of the simulator body. The movements that the lower surface of the simulator allows you to perform is a smooth amplitude movement of the leg, rolling from the front of the simulator to the back.

Thus, the shape of the simulator provides an isolated load on the ankle joint, since compensation with the foot becomes impossible due to the tension of the plantar aponeurosis. The simulator is designed to perform special exercises to increase mobility and control the ankle, protect the foot.

THE METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING THE SIMULATOR IS CARRIED OUT AS FOLLOWS.

Description of the simulator manufacturing method is illustrated in Figures 11-13.

All body parts are manufactured on a numerically controlled machine with high precision, glued under pressure with PVA glue (polyvinyl acetate) GOST 18992-80, then polished in assembly and covered with transparent alkyd varnish (Fig. 12).

When glued, the body of the simulator has two working surfaces: upper and lower (Fig. 1-3). There are two grooves on the upper surface, into which part 5 Toe support (item 5 of the Assembly diagram) and item 4 Heel support (item 4 of the Assembly diagram (Fig. 12) are glued onto the BF-2 GOST 12172-2016 glue. Fig. 9) and heels (Fig. 8) are made of microporous rubber with a thickness of 5 mm and are designed to distribute the force of the surfaces of the foot on the simulator The exact dimensions of the parts Pos. 5, 6 are shown in the attached drawings.

Location of parts 5 Toe support and parts 4 The heel support is designed in such a way that it allows you to perform exercises without displacing the foot relative to the simulator body (Fig. 1, 3, 4).

When assembled, the body of the simulator has a special shape for a certain position of the foot on the upper surface. When the transverse arch of the foot is located on the Toe Support (pos. 5 of the Assembly diagram, Fig. 12), passive extension of all phalanges of the toes of the lower extremity occurs due to the shape of the simulator body.

On the bottom surface of the body, stick two anti-slip pads Part 7 (Fig. 11), (Item 7 of the Assembly diagram), made of polyamide self-adhesive tape with dimensions of 20 mm by 380 mm. Anti-slip pads provide the necessary grip of the treadmill with the floor surface for non-slip exercises.

THE METHOD FOR USING THE SIMULATOR IS CARRIED OUT AS FOLLOWS.

The method of using the simulator when performing exercises for the development and training of the ankle joint is illustrated in Figures 13-16, Tables 1-2 and presented in Examples 1-6, which also in no way limit the scope of the claims.

The trainee places the foot on the trainer for ankle development, making sure that it is safe to use (flat, non-sliding surface of the floor of the room where the training takes place) and holding the choreographic machine with his hands, places the transverse arch and heel bone on non-slip rubberized Part 5 Toe support and Part 4 Heel support built into the top of the machine. The trainee, standing with his pivot foot on the simulator and performing rocking movements by rolling the simulator from the front to the back and vice versa, performs the necessary exercises, some of which are illustrated in examples and Figures 14-16. The number of repetitions is determined individually and depends on the set goal of the training, however, pain should not arise. The variability in the performance of exercises, in addition, is ensured by the possibility of applying different levels of load, different speed of execution, accents on a certain account, stops for leg tension, duration, etc.

The shape of the ankle trainer allows the foot to be placed on top of it so that the metatarsophalangeal joints are extended. This will provide tension to the plantar aponeurosis. In turn, the plantar aponeurosis, keeping the distance between the metatarsal and heel bone (the place of its attachment), will reduce the likelihood of pronation in the Chopard joint, which creates conditions for isolated work in the ankle joint. The proposed simulator allows you to develop the ankle joint, which reduces the risk of excessive stress on the feet during professional movements.

The foot trainer can be used for several purposes. For the development of mobility (mobility) of the ankle joint, it is recommended to perform movements with the foot relative to the lower leg, keeping the lower leg in an unchanged position. The movements will be performed in an open kinetic chain - the distal part of the joint relative to the proximal one.

When performing maximum extension in the ankle joint, extension in the metatarsophalangeal joints also increases, which is also necessary in aesthetic sports, where there are elements with the movement of body weight to the transverse arch.

When performing maximum flexion in the ankle joint (without pronation of the foot), the elasticity of the muscles of the posterior surface of the leg (triceps muscle of the leg, posterior tibial, long flexors of the fingers) increases, which allows more pronounced flexion in the ankle joint and, as a result, technically correct elements.

When holding the simulator with the supporting foot and performing movements with the lower leg, the control of the foot position (stability) increases, which is an important element in the physical training of athletes and ballet dancers. Performing a movement with the lower leg with a stable position of the foot increases the stability and control of the lower limb.

The simulator can be used both to increase mobility (mobility) and to increase control (stability) of the ankle joint in trainees of different ages. The achieved positive effect when using the simulator is to increase the range of motion of the ankle joint, in which only flexion and only extension are possible. This is necessary for aesthetic sports (rhythmic gymnastics) and art (ballet). Increasing the range of motion of the ankle will reduce the stress on the foot, since the lack of mobility of the ankle compensates for the foot by pronating. If repeated several times during the growth of a training child, this leads to a number of diseases (Hallux Valgus; additional scaphoid, etc.). The trainer will help reduce the load on the foot. Using an ankle trainer to improve stability will increase the sense of control and position of the foot relative to the lower leg. As a result, an increase in the stability of the foot results in an increase in confidence and stability in the performance of sports elements.

The proposed device makes it possible, when using it, to provide an effective training process and to regulate the training load and its type within a wide range. The inventive simulator meets the requirement of compactness, mobility, versatility and safety. It can be used both at home and in a sports hall, since it is a stand-alone device that does not contain complex settings and adjustments. The multifunctionality of the impact is solved by the method of alternating the number of different movements.

The use of the proposed device makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the training process due to a high degree of versatility, namely: the possibility of working out all muscle groups of the ankle, the possibility of transportation and use anywhere with a relative compactness and lightness of the device, which makes it convenient to use both young athletes and adults. , including the period of rehabilitation after illness.

The simulator allows you to practice movements typical for different sports. In this regard, it can be recommended for inclusion in the training process, primarily in such sports and art related to movement as: ballet, choreography, sports dancing, skating, swimming, etc., where voluntary performance of movements with the lower extremities is very important.

The inventive simulator can be used as a means of professional training for athletes, for health training, and also as a means of rehabilitation after injuries or neurological pathologies. The simulator develops the ability to provide controlled voluntary complex movement of the lower extremities, which is very important, first of all, for athletes. The reserve of movements formed by the simulator, obtained in different efforts, the change of stress create an opportunity for the rapid formation of the required motor skill. The simulator can be a part of the basic system of training athletes who, during the performance of sports tricks and exercises, assume extreme types of movements of the lower extremities with different amplitudes of movements. Good basic training can help prevent injury and improve the quality of these exercises.

The simulator is designed taking into account the natural movements of the human body during exercise, which ensures the safety of training, the absence of unnecessary stress on the joints and, as a result, the minimum risk of stretching or damaging the muscles and ligaments.

During the exercise, the speed and volume of blood flow is restored, lymph flow improves, the mobility of joints improves, elasticity of fasciae and tendons develops, the functioning of the skeletal system is maintained, and coordination of movements is restored.

In addition, the claimed simulator is very effective for training the trainee's vestibular apparatus, on which the possibility of realizing a person's motor abilities strongly depends. Here, such an important component as the orientation of the body in space with a sharp change in position, which is so typical in sports, is important. In this aspect, the simulator contributes to the development of the legs for the ability to maintain balance, the upbringing of a heightened sense of the direction of movement of the limbs, regulation of the level of efforts in certain muscles, at different positions. The trainer can simulate the movement of a person on uneven surfaces and can be used to develop coordination, which will help prevent falls and injury. The simulator is suitable for people with different levels of training, as it allows you to independently select the amount of load and the time of the session.

During training, the proposed method obtained data on the development of mobility (mobility) of the ankle joint, reflected in table 1 "Increase in the amplitude of flexion and extension in the ankle joint." The main group consisted of trainees who performed exercises using the proposed simulator, and the control group consisted of exactly the same exercises, but without using the simulator.

To increase flexion in the ankle joint, it was proposed to perform an exercise to increase the mobility of the ankle joint, as described in Example 2. The control group performed exactly the same exercises, but without using the simulator. To increase the extension, it was suggested to perform an exercise to increase the mobility of the ankle joint, as described in Example 3. The control group performed the same exercise, but without using the simulator. As a result, flexion in the ankle joint in the main group increased by 4.3 ± 1.6 °, extension by 0.9 ± 1.1 °, and in the control group, the increase in flexion was 2.6 ± 0.7 °, and the increase in extension was was not observed (Table 1).

During training, the proposed method was used to obtain data on the development of stability of the ankle joint, reflected in table 2 "Subjective assessment of increased control of the ankle joint". The main group consisted of trainees who performed exercises using the proposed simulator, and the control group consisted of exactly the same exercises, but without using the simulator.

The entire composition of the study group (100%) reported a subjective improvement in stability after performing exercises on a simulator for the development of the ankle and maintaining a given position in a time equivalent than before the start of training with a simulator. Whereas in the control group, 20% reported that no changes in resistance were noted. It was proposed to perform the exercises for increasing the control of the ankle joint described in Example 2 and Example 3, for the control group the same exercises, but without using the simulator. The participants of the main group subjectively noted an improvement in stability by 39%, while in the control group they only noted an increase in stability when performing choreographic elements by 17%. The results are shown in Table 2. A decrease in pain at the time of maximum flexion in the ankle joint was noted by 90% of the respondents.

Summarizing the above, the described advantages of the proposed training method, in comparison with the already known methods, are realized through the sequential performance of exercises and techniques using the claimed simulator at each training session.

The present group of inventions is illustrated by the following specific examples of execution, which, however, are not the only possible ones, but clearly demonstrate the achievement of the required technical results. The examples given disclose the possibility of implementing the proposed technical solutions in all particular cases, but in no way limit the scope of the claims according to the claims.

EXAMPLE 1.

Trainee N., age 21, is engaged in ballet, performed the following exercise on the proposed simulator.

Starting position: standing facing the ballet barre, place your foot on the simulator. The transverse arch of the foot rests against Part 5 The toe support located on the upper surface at the front of the machine. Toes in a state close to maximum extension due to their positioning on the simulator, resting on its front part. The heel bone is located on Part 4 Heel support located on the top surface at the back of the machine. The foot is at an angle of 90 ° to the lower leg. Holding on to the machine, rest your foot on the machine. When the supporting leg is on the machine, the knee joint is in a state of maximum extension. Working leg "Pas coude-pier" (barely touches the inner ankle of the supporting leg) (Vaganova A.Ya. 2000 [17], Bazarova N.P., Mei V.P., 2016 [18]). Keep your back straight, look in front of you. Hands can stick to the gymnastic bar.

Technique: slowly, smoothly perform maximum flexion and extension in the ankle joint due to the lower leg muscles, keeping the knee joint in the position of maximum extension (choreographic element "Releve" [18]. The lower leg remains motionless. The movement is performed with the foot relative to the lower leg.

Result: due to the work of the musculature, an isolated movement is produced in the ankle joint. The mobility of the ankle joint is increased due to the impossibility of pronation in the Chopar joint, which would be possible without the use of a simulator (plantar aponeurosis tension). Regular repetition of the exercise using the simulator adapts the ankle joint to more amplitude movements, which makes it more mobile. When doing ankle flexion, the main impact will be on the calf muscle, which limits flexion. When performing extension, the main effect will be on the extensor longus of the fingers, the long and short peroneal muscles, the anterior tibial muscles, which limit the extension of the ankle joint.

EXAMPLE 2.

Trainee O., age 25, is engaged in choreography, performed the following exercise on the proposed simulator.

Starting position: standing facing the ballet barre, place your foot on the simulator. The transverse arch of the foot rests against Part 5 The toe support located on the upper surface at the front of the machine. Toes in a state close to maximum extension due to their positioning on the simulator, resting on its front part. The heel bone is located on Part 4 Heel support located on the top surface at the back of the machine. Holding on to the machine, rest your foot on the machine. When the supporting leg is on the machine, the knee joint is in a 45 ° flexion of the hip relative to the lower leg. Working leg "Pas coude-pier" (barely touches the inner ankle of the supporting leg) [17]. Keep your back straight, look in front of you. Hands can stick to the machine.

Technique of execution: slowly, smoothly perform maximum flexion and extension in the ankle joint due to the muscles of the lower leg, while the lower leg remains motionless, that is, the angle of flexion between the lower leg and the knee joint is 45 °. The movement is performed with the foot relative to the lower leg. The way of doing the exercise to develop mobility of the ankle is illustrated in Figure 14.

Result: due to keeping the knee flexed and flexion and extension of the ankle joint, and the absence of pronation of the foot (Shoparov joint is stable due to the tension of the plantar aponeurosis), the muscles of the posterior and anterior surface of the leg are stretched (soleus muscle, posterior tibial muscle, long extensors of the fingers, short and long peroneal, anterior tibial). Regular repetitions create conditions for the adaptation of the muscles to an increase in the range of motion in the ankle joint by changing the tone of the muscles of the back and front of the lower leg. When flexing the ankle, the main impact will be on the soleus and posterior tibial, since the knee joint is flexed and the work of the gastrocnemius muscle is minimal (since the gastrocnemius is a two articular muscle), which can limit the flexion of the ankle. When performing extension, the main effect will be on the extensor longus of the fingers, the long and short peroneal muscles, the anterior tibial muscles, which limit the extension of the ankle joint. This movement would be impossible in the amplitude that is offered without the use of the simulator.

EXAMPLE 3.

Trainee C, age 18, is engaged in choreography, performed the following exercise on the proposed simulator.

Starting position: standing facing the ballet barre, place your foot on the simulator. The transverse arch of the foot rests against Part 5 The toe support located on the upper surface at the front of the machine. Toes in a state close to maximum extension due to their positioning on the simulator, resting on its front part. The heel bone is located on Part 4 Heel support located on the top surface at the back of the machine. Holding on to the machine, rest your foot on the machine. When the supporting leg is on the machine, the knee joint is in a 45 ° flexion of the hip relative to the lower leg. The supporting foot in a state of maximum extension in the position of shifting body weight to the transverse arch. Working leg "Pas coude-pier" (barely touches the inner ankle of the supporting leg) [18]. Keep your back straight, look in front of you. Hands can stick to the machine.

Technique of execution: keeping the maximum extension in the ankle joint due to the muscles of the lower leg. In this case, the lower leg remains motionless, that is, the angle of flexion between the lower leg and the knee joint is 45 °. Further, while maintaining the maximum extension of the ankle joint (you can help the second foot to support the simulator for the lower part, as shown in the figure), unbend the knee of the supporting leg. The way to perform the exercise to develop mobility in the ankle and Chopard joints is illustrated in Figure 15.

Result: an increase in the mobility of the ankle joint, in particular extension due to a change in the tone of the muscles of the anterior surface of the lower leg (anterior tibial, long and short peroneal muscles, long extensors of the toes). An increase in the range of motion towards extension in the ankle joint is a necessity for aesthetic sports, since there are many elements with a shift in body weight to the transverse arch with the knee joint extended as much as possible. The simulator will allow you to painlessly increase the amplitude of extension in the ankle joint compared to methods without using a simulator for ankle development (manual methods). Since when performing the presented movement, the displacement of the simulator to the anterior part of the lower surface is performed by concentric work of the muscles of the posterior surface of the leg without pronation of the foot (due to the tension of the plantar aponeurosis), and according to the principle of reciprocal inhibition, the muscles performing antagonistic functions will relax. This will allow the foot and ankle to adapt to the shift in body weight to the transverse arch of the foot, increasing the amplitude of extension, more painlessly.

Exercises to develop ankle mobility on the machine will reduce the load on the foot in motion. With limited mobility of the ankle joint, part of the movements compensates for the foot, performing pronation. Due to this, visually, flexion in the ankle joint looks larger, but the longitudinal arch of the foot is flattened. Regular compensation leads to the formation of the habit of performing the movement incorrectly (with the pronation of the foot), which leads to a constant shift in body weight when performing, for example, "Demi plie" (choreographic element - flexion of the knee and ankle joints). Movement without observing the congruence of the articular surfaces leads to the development of functional conditions and diseases of the foot. Therefore, the use of a simulator for the development of the ankle joint, in particular for the development of mobility, is a preventive measure that preserves health.

To develop stability (control) of the ankle joint, it is recommended to perform movements of the lower leg relative to the foot, keeping the foot in an unchanged position. The movements will be performed in a closed kinetic chain - the proximal part of the joint relative to the distal one.

EXAMPLE 4.

Trainee N., age 8, is engaged in choreography, performed the following exercise on the proposed simulator.

Starting position: standing facing the ballet barre, place your foot on the simulator. The transverse arch of the foot rests against Part 5 The toe support located on the upper surface at the front of the machine. Toes in a state close to maximum extension due to their positioning on the simulator, resting on its front part. The heel bone is located on Part 4 Heel support located on the top surface at the back of the machine. The foot is at an angle of 90 ° to the lower leg.

Holding on to the machine, rest your foot on the machine. When the supporting leg is on the machine, the knee joint is in a state of maximum extension. Working leg "Pas coude-pier" (barely touches the inner ankle of the supporting leg) [17]. Keep your back straight, look in front of you. Hands can stick to the machine.

Technique of performance: slowly, smoothly perform flexion and extension of the ankle and knee joints, keeping the foot in an unchanged position (choreographic element "Demi plie") [17]. The knee when performing the element is directed strictly in the direction of the foot. The working leg remains motionless, only the supporting leg works. The way to do the exercise to develop ankle stability is illustrated in Figure 16.

Result: By keeping the foot in a constant position, a sense of control (stability) is increased. The performance of an element using a simulator increases the need to control the position of the foot due to the activation of muscle groups that stabilize the foot, which does not happen with the position of the foot on a stable surface.

EXAMPLE 5.

Trainee E., age 20, is engaged in rhythmic gymnastics, performed the following exercise on the proposed device:

Starting position: standing facing the ballet barre, place your foot on the simulator. The transverse arch of the foot rests against Part 5 The toe support located on the upper surface at the front of the machine. Toes in a state close to maximum extension due to their positioning on the simulator, resting on its front part. The heel bone is located on Part 4 Heel support located on the top surface at the back of the machine. The foot is at an angle of 90 ° to the lower leg. Holding on to the machine, rest your foot on the machine. When the supporting leg is on the machine, the knee joint is in a state of maximum extension. Working leg "Pas coude-pier" (barely touches the inner ankle of the supporting leg) [17]. Keep your back straight, look in front of you. Hands can stick to the machine.

Technique of execution: slowly, smoothly perform movements with the body and hands (choreographic element "Port de bras") [17]. The foot and the entire lower limb are motionless. The center of gravity is constantly shifting by changing the position of the body.

The result: increased stability by increasing ankle control and involving more muscle fibers in the core control process. Without the use of a simulator, the load on the foot and ankle is minimal due to the stability of the surface. With the simulator, it is necessary to control the foot more, namely, its constant position.

EXAMPLE 6.

Trainee A., is engaged in ballet, age 23, performed the following exercise on the proposed simulator.

Starting position: standing facing the ballet barre, place your foot on the simulator. The transverse arch of the foot rests against Part 5 The toe support located on the upper surface at the front of the machine. Toes in a state close to maximum extension due to their positioning on the simulator, resting on its front part. The heel bone is located on Part 4 Heel support located on the top surface at the back of the machine. The foot is at an angle of 90 ° to the lower leg. Holding on to the machine, rest your foot on the machine. When the supporting leg is on the machine, the knee joint is in a state of maximum extension. Working leg "Pas coude-pier" (barely touches the inner ankle of the supporting leg) [17]. Keep your back straight, look in front of you. Hands can stick to the machine.

Technique of execution: slowly, smoothly perform movements with the working leg. The support foot is motionless. The working leg can perform movements in all planes, performing parallel flexion of the knee and ankle joint of the supporting leg (choreographic element "Demi plie", for the supporting leg [17].

Result: the center of gravity is constantly shifting due to a change in the position of the working leg, which stimulates the inclusion of more muscle fibers in the process of maintaining stability. The performance of an element using a simulator increases the need to control the position of the foot due to the activation of muscle groups that stabilize the foot, which does not happen with the position of the foot on a stable surface.

Exercises to develop ankle stability on the simulator allows you to increase the feeling of control of the foot and ankle joint, which will increase stability and control of a given posture during the performance of choreographic elements. Such professional competencies are highly valued in aesthetic sports and choreography. Due to the preliminary stabilization of the Chopard joint (tension of the plantar aponeurosis), exercise is also available for children who do not yet understand how to perform flexion in the ankle joint in isolation from the movements of the foot. The use of the simulator will allow initially teaching the correct technique for performing choreographic elements, which will reduce the risk of injuries associated with improper distribution of body weight on the foot during the performance of elements on the transverse arch of the foot and toe technique in ballet (for example, choreographic elements - “Demi pointe”, “ Releve "," Pointe ", etc.).

Sources of information:

1. R. Donatelli “Normal biomechanics of the foot and ankle joint”, https://alexandersemenov.ru/normalnaya-biomekhanika-stopy-i-golenostopnogo-sustava - the date the file was placed in the electronic environment according to the information https: //web.archive. org. - 03/06/2019, found on the Internet 09/20/2020.

2.https: //alexandersemenov.ru/kachai-noga-1 - A.S. Semyonov. A set of exercise machines for feet "Trainer" Kachai.Noga 2 ", found on the Internet 09/14/2020, design patent RU 117161 dated 04/01/2020.

3. Patent for utility model “Folding limb-sport exerciser)) CN 2930776 (Y) (HE WEIDE (CN), dated 08.08.2007.

4. Patent for invention “Ballet basic trainer and matching ballet basic training measuring apparatus)) WO 2019052107 (LIU, JIAN (CN)), dated 21.03.2019, also patented as JP 2018600185.

5. Patent for invention "A trainer for operatic and toe-point dancing" GB 228629 (ARTHUR PURCELL HELSHAM, FLORA DOUGLASS SKELTON), dated 09.02.1925.

6. Exercise machine for lifting the foot "Ballet foot stretch" -https: //graciasport.ru/articles/istoriya_predmetov/trenazher-dlya-podema-stopy/. Found on the Internet 08.04. 2019.

7. A method of making and using a gymnastic exercise machine for raising the foot and stretching https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K2IOJkOTKLE, dated 16.08.2019. Found on the Internet 09/30/2020.

8. Patent for the invention "Training device for the muscles of the back and legs" RU 2676493, C1 (FGBOU VO KSUFKST), dated December 29, 2018.

9. Patent for a group of inventions "Leg trainer (options)" RU 2718344, C1 (PETROSYAN GRISHA ALEKSANOVICH (RU)), dated 02.04.2020.

10. Patent for invention "Device for training leg muscles" RU 2194557, C1 (TSAKANYAN VALERY TIGRANOVICH), dated 20.12.2002.

11. Training device for ballet dancers "Foot stretcher" (Ballet dancer), https://aliexpress.ru/item/33012277584.html, found on the Internet 10.09.2020.

12. Patent for useful model "Rehabilitation simulator for legs" RU No. 133416 U1 (ISKRU YURI GEORGIEVICH (RU)), dated 20.10.2020).

13. Patent for a useful model "Massager - trainer for the feet" RU # 193024 U1 KOROLEV IGOR ALEXANDROVICH), dated 10.10.2019.

14. Patent for the invention "Method for correcting the arch of the foot with flat feet" RU 2696059 C1 (FGAU "National Medical Research Center of CHILDREN'S HEALTH" MINISTRY OF HEALTH OF RUSSIA) (RU)), dated 30.07.2019.

15. Patent for the invention "Portable ballet machine for exercises" RU 2667298 C1 (FLUIDITY ENTERPRISES, INC. (US)), dated 18.09.2018.

16. Patent for invention "Device for biomechanical effects on the human body" RU No. 2501589 C2 (KAKHIDZE ALEXANDER SERGEEVICH (RU), TURZHANSKAYA MARINA ANDREEVNA (RU)), dated 20.12.2013.

17. VAGANOVA A. Ya. "Basics of Classical Dance". Edition 6. Series “Textbooks for High Schools. Special literature "- SPb .: Publishing house" Lan ", 2000,192 p.

18. BAZAROVA N.P., May V.P. “The ABC of Classical Dance. The first three years of study ”Study guide. 6th ed., Erased. SPB .: Publishing house "Lan", Textbooks for universities. Special literature, 2016, 240 p.

Claims (8)

1. A simulator for the development of the ankle joint, which is a training device used when performing exercises, characterized in that the device has a shape that allows you to place a foot on it, taking into account the anthropometric features of its structure with maximum passive extension in the metatarsophalangeal joints, which artificially limits the mobility of the joints foot due to the Choparov block of the joint and the tension of the plantar aponeurosis, allowing for a smooth amplitude movement between the foot and the lower leg in the ankle joint, rolling over the floor surface from the front of the simulator to the back and vice versa, consists of parts that are sequentially connected to each other in the body and have the same outer contour, including part 1 - left cheek made of solid solid wood and being the left outer surface of the simulator, part 2 - right cheek made of solid solid wood and being the right outer surface of the simulator, three internal part 3 - intermediate cheek made of solid wood and having internal cutouts to lighten the weight of the simulator, part 4 - heel support and part 5 - toe support, made of microporous rubber and located at a distance that provides the ability to perform exercises without displacement feet relative to the body of the simulator, three parts 6 - a rod made of solid wood and designed to be located in the holes on the inner surface of parts 1, 2 and 3, two parts 7 - an anti-slip pad made of polyamide self-adhesive tape and located on the lower surface of the body of the simulator with the ability to provide the necessary adhesion of the simulator to the floor surface when performing exercises without slipping. 2. The simulator according to claim. 1, characterized in that the basis of the device is a body with dimensions of 390 × 180 × 90 mm. 3. The simulator according to claim. 1, characterized in that the body is made of solid wood, mainly, but not limited to, pine, and can be made of other types of wood and / or materials. 4. The simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the insert part 4 - the heel support and part 5 - the toe support are made of microporous rubber with a thickness of 5 mm, while part 4 has dimensions of 145 × 92 × 5 mm, part 5 has dimensions of 62 × 92 × 5 mm and glued on the upper surface on the BF-2 glue. 5. The simulator according to claim. 1, characterized in that the part 6 - the rod has a length of 70 mm and a diameter of 8 mm. 6. The exercise machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower surface of its body is equipped with two anti-slip pads, part 7, made of polyamide self-adhesive tape 380 × 20 × 1 mm in size and located at a distance of 30 mm from its front part. 7. A method of manufacturing a simulator according to claim 1, characterized in that the parts of the body of the simulator, including one part 1, one part 2, three parts 3 and three parts 6, are made on a machine with numerical control according to the specified dimensions, sequentially fastened under a press using PVA glue, grind the assembly and cover with an alkyd transparent varnish, after which the body of the simulator is connected in series with one part 4 - heel support, one part 5 - toe support and two parts 7 - anti-slip pad, while part 4 is located in the rear part the upper surface of the simulator body and under the press is fixed in it with BF-2 glue, part 5 is located in the front part of the upper surface of the simulator body and under the press is fixed in it with BF-2 glue, two parts 7 are located on the lower part of the simulator body surface at a distance of 5 mm from the right and left edges of the machine. 8. A method of using the simulator according to claim 1 for performing exercises, characterized in that the trainee places his foot on the simulator before performing the exercises, characterized in that the trainee places the supporting foot on the upper surface of the simulator and gives it stability, after which the trainee, holding his hands for gymnastic machine performs exercises, simultaneously rolling over the floor surface on the lower surface of the simulator from its front to the back and vice versa, carrying out an oscillatory movement relative to the horizontal plane, allowing for a smooth amplitude movement of the foot or lower leg, including flexion and extension in the ankle joint, passive extension of all toes of the trainee's foot, sufficient for the development of the ankle joint as a result of increasing its mobility and increasing control during exercise.

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