RU2754685C1 - Installation for microwave micronization of feed grain - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to a device for microwave micronization of feed grain. The installation consists of a microwave heater with a microwave radiation intensity regulator, a feeder hopper with a magnetic grid for capturing metal impurities, a grain pipe, a damper and a flow restrictor, a conveyor and a self-swinging separating sieve mounted on a spring suspension of low rigidity. Grain from the feeder hopper enters the grain pipe made in the form of a smooth cylindrical pipe made of material permeable to microwave waves. When grain passes through an electromagnetic field of super high frequency, the micronization process takes place. The required time for micronization of grain is regulated by the gradual removal of grain from the grain pipe due to the movement of the conveyor. After micronization, the grain goes to a self-swinging separating sieve, where small impurities are separated from the grain.EFFECT: invention improves the quality of processing of feed grain.1 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural production, namely the production of feed.

One of the main directions of improving the technology for the production of complete feed mixtures is to improve the quality of feed based on the pretreatment of feed grain. A significant part of the nutrients of grain not prepared for feeding is not assimilated by the body of animals, since the main source of available energy in grain raw materials - starch in the stomach of the animal is hydrolyzed slowly. For this reason, abroad and in our country, various methods of preliminary processing of grain are increasingly used, which make it possible to convert starch into a more digestible form, close to converting it into sugar. One of these methods is grain micronization, including grain micronization in an ultra-high frequency (microwave) electromagnetic field.

Known microwave installation for micronization of grain [1] the main disadvantages of which is the burning of the product on the surface of the moving belt, due to the state of rest of the grain on the surface of the belt and the large dimensions of the installation. The most promising from the point of view of metal consumption and manufacturability is bulk microwave micronization of feed grain.

The closest analogue, allowing to reduce the overall dimensions of the microwave installation is the drum-type microwave induction installation for micronization of grain [2], in which, however, the possibility of burning grain to the surface of the plates subjected to induction heating is not eliminated.

From the level of development of science and technology, it is known that for guaranteed microwave irradiation of grain, it is necessary to ensure the movement of grain through zones of different intensity of the radiated microwave electromagnetic field during processing [3].

Known installation [4], the design of which allows to partially eliminate the disadvantages of the analog, taken as a prototype, containing a receiving hopper, a loading gate dispenser, a sealed chamber, a discharge gate-dispenser, an explosion chamber, a finished product bin, a microwave resonator, a waveguide, a microwave generator , while inside the sealed chamber there is a vertical auger, on the shaft of which the agitator is fixed, and the unloading valve-dispenser is installed directly under the bottom of the sealed chamber.

However, the disadvantages of the prototype include additional energy consumption for mixing grain to ensure uniform processing, the presence of dead zones - typical for a mixing device, clogging of grain during processing (husk, awn and other small parts of grain) and the absence of a system for their removal.

The objective of the invention is to develop an installation for microwave micronization of feed grain with the ability to provide free movement of grain during microwave processing, excluding its burning to the surface of the grain wire and subsequent energy-efficient cleaning of small impurities.

Installation for microwave micronization of feed grain, consisting of a microwave heater (1) with a microwave radiation intensity regulator (2), a feed hopper (3) with a magnetic grid for trapping metallic impurities (4), a grain wire made of microwave permeable material (5), flap (6) and flow restrictor (7), conveyor (8) and a self-swinging separating sieve (9) mounted on a spring suspension of low rigidity (10).

FIG. 1. Scheme of the installation for microwave micronization of feed grain

Installation for microwave micronization of feed grain (Fig. 1) operates as follows:

Grain from the feeding hopper (3), passing through a magnetic grid for trapping metal impurities (4), the cross section of which does not interfere with the movement of grain, enters the grain conduit (5), made in the form of a smooth cylindrical pipe made of material permeable to microwave radiation, located inside the chamber of the microwave heater (1), the operating mode of which is set by the microwave intensity regulator (2), while the shutter (6) is in a closed state after the microwave heater is turned on, and after 30 seconds the shutter (6 ) opens. It is recommended to send the first batch of grain, equal to half the volume of the grain pipeline, to the feed hopper for re-processing. After being subjected to micronization, the grain comes from the grain conduit downward, ending up on the surface of the conveyor (8), while the limiter (7) and the gap δ between the grain conductor and the conveyor, equal to 2 grain diameters, prevent grain from spilling to the sides, the limiter (7) has an additional function direction of grain along the surface of the conveyor. Moving the conveyor (8) in motion removes grain from the gap between the conveyor and the grain conduit, providing a translational movement of the grain in the grain conduit under the influence of gravity. By changing the speed of the conveyor, the speed of movement of the grain along the grain line is regulated, providing the necessary time for processing the grain. Then, from the conveyor, the grain falls on a self-swinging separating sieve (9), located at an angle α, which is regulated within 24-35 ° depending on the processed crops (wheat, rye, barley, etc.). A spring suspension of low rigidity (10), perceiving the impact of falling grains on the surface of the sieve (9), gives the sieve (9) oscillatory movements. When the processed grains (11) move along the sieve (9), due to the vibrations of which, small impurities (12) are separated, which are husks, awn and other small parts of the grain, which worsen the quality of the feed obtained from the grain.

Literature

1. RU 2502450 C2

2. RU 2489068 C1

3. Didenko A.N. Microwave energy. Theory and practice. - M .: Science, 2003

4. RU 2568130 C1

Claims (1)

Installation for microwave micronization of feed grain, characterized by the fact that it has a microwave heater with a microwave intensity regulator, a feeder hopper with a magnetic grid for capturing metal impurities, a grain conduit, a damper, a flow restrictor, a conveyor and a self-swinging separating sieve mounted on spring suspension of low rigidity, while the grain conduit is installed inside the chamber of the microwave heater and is a smooth cylindrical pipe with a diameter of 40 to 50 mm made of material permeable to microwave radiation, and to regulate the required time for micronization of the grain, a flow limiter and a conveyor are installed under the grain conduit with a gap relative to each other and by changing the speed of the conveyor, the speed of grain movement along the grain line is regulated, providing the necessary time for its processing, in addition, a self-swinging separating sieve is installed under the conveyor and is placed on a spring suspension of low rigidity at an angle equal to 24- 35 degrees depending on the type of cultivated crops.

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