RU2754314C1 - Shut off initiator (options) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: explosive technology.

SUBSTANCE: inventions group relates to explosive technology, namely to devices for increasing the safety of systems for initiating the detonation of explosive charges of an object of detonation, which has several points of initiation, for example, in downhole perforators, multi-section charges, in fragmentation warheads of directional action. Shut-off initiator of detonation, in which the detonation channel between detonators and the object of detonation, equipped with logical elements I - detonation triodes (DT), are given special shapes and structure.

EFFECT: elimination of detonation of the explosive of the object of detonation in case of emergency initiation of one detonator or in case of emergency sequential initiation of several detonators at intervals exceeding the operating range of diesel fuel, as well as reduction of explosive consequences in other modes of emergency impacts - bullet, fragmentation, shock wave or electric.

6 cl, 21 dwg

Description

The invention relates to explosive technology, namely to devices for increasing the safety of systems for initiating the detonation of explosive charges of an object of detonation, having several points of initiation, for example, in downhole perforators, multi-section charges, in fragmentation warheads of directional action.

Known initiator device containing a detonator with a charge of an explosive or composition (hereinafter - explosive) and a detonation channel between the detonator and the object of the explosion (patent RU 2636982 C1, 11/29/2017, IPC F42C 19/00, F42B 3/10, bull. No. 34 ).

The disadvantage of such a device is that the emergency initiation of the detonator leads to a full-scale explosion of the explosive charge.

Known explosive logic element And, which has two inputs and one output with a receiving element, which are made in the form of elongated explosive charges - detonation channels filled with explosives and separated by a partition of inert material (SU 1778491 A1, 30.11.1992, IPC F42B 3/10, F42C 15/00, bull. No. 44).

The disadvantage of such a device is that in a multisection detonation object with several initiation points equipped with explosive logic elements, a double number of detonators is required to initiate them.

The closest analogue is a circuit of a controlled detonation logic circuit (patent RU 2470256 C1, 20.12.2012, IPC: F42D 1/04, F42B 3/10, bul. No. 35), which consists of a detonator, a branched detonation circuit, including a logic I element having two inputs for connection with a detonator and one output for connection with an object of detonation, as well as a means of preventing unauthorized actuation of an object of detonation.

The disadvantage of the design of the known device is that to bring it into an operable state, a control system with a switch means to prevent unauthorized actuation of the object of detonation is needed, which complicates the design, reduces the reliability of the product and significantly increases the cost of manufacturing the device.

The objective of the present invention is to create a device for transferring detonation to an object of detonation, which has several points of initiation, for example, a multi-section, which functionally cuts off an emergency explosion of one detonator from the object of detonation, preventing the transfer of detonation to it. This is especially true for detonated objects, which are equipped with charges of an insensitive blasting explosive, in order to maintain the achieved level of safety.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to exclude the detonation of the explosives of the detonated object during emergency initiation of one detonator, for example, with a bullet, fragmentation, shock wave or electric impact on the detonator, in order to reduce the explosive consequences of an emergency impact. In this case, an emergency explosion of any one detonator causes the detonation of a part of the explosive of the cut-off initiator without initiating the detonation of the output parts and the detonation object.

The need to protect against an emergency explosion of detonators is caused by the natural higher sensitivity of the explosives of detonators in comparison with the explosives of the detonation channel and its parts and the explosives of the detonation object to dangerous mechanical influences and the presence of a detonator circuit in the detonator.

The specified technical result is achieved in the first embodiment of the cut-off initiator containing at least two detonators, logical elements AND, detonation outputs and a detonation channel between them, due to the fact that the detonation channel is closed. Detonators are connected to the channel by adjoining and distributed along the channel inlets-branches. Between the inputs-branches of the detonation channel there is at least one logical element AND - a detonation triode (DT), the outputs of which form the outputs of the initiator and are adjacent to the points of initiation of the detonation object.

A closed detonation channel, alternately connecting the inputs-branches to the detonators and the diesel fuel located between the inputs, allows each diesel fuel to be initiated from a pair of adjacent detonators. Accordingly, each detonator detonates adjacent diesel fuel. Having received detonation pulses at the inputs, the diesel fuel is triggered and gives detonation to the outputs to the adjacent points of initiation of the detonation object. This is possible only with the synchronous initiation of the inputs of the diesel fuel, which is ensured, for example, by the equidistance from each other along the channel of all neighboring diesel fuel and detonators and with the synchronous initiation of the detonators. The limits of maintaining the operability of the diesel fuel with a possible asynchronous initiation of the diesel fuel are determined by the range of the diesel fuel operability - the permissible difference in timing of the initiation of the inputs. The non-zero range of diesel fuel operability is necessary to compensate for technological deviations in the process of manufacturing explosives, a cut-off initiator, detonators, deviations in the response time characteristics of the initiator components, etc. On the other hand, a certain finite value of the operability range allows the cut-off initiator to prevent the transfer of detonation to the detonation object during emergency asynchronous detonator explosions with explosion intervals exceeding the diesel fuel operability range.

Versions with counter-detonation and through detonation coupling between the inputs can be used as a diesel fuel, for example, an explosive logic element I (SU 778491 A1, 11/30/1992, IPC F42B 3/10, F42C 15/00, bul. No. 44) with an inert separator detonation between inputs and outputs, other options for detonation triodes (RU 2527818 C1, 09/10/2014, IPC F42B 3/10, F42C 19/00, F42C 15/34, bul. No. 25) with an active (from explosive) separator and with a mixed separator. In this case, the cut-off initiator must contain an even number of detonators in order to exclude cases of emergency passage of detonation through the diesel fuel to the detonated object in the event of emergency operation of the opposite detonator, equidistant along the half of the channel from the diesel fuel. If we use a diesel fuel without a through detonation connection between the inputs (RU 2616044 C1, 04/12/2017; IPC F42B 3/10, F42C 19/00, bul. No. 11), then there is no limitation on the number of detonators, and an odd number of detonators.

The range of operability of variants of diesel fuel with collision of detonation waves is determined by the size of the receiving part of the output channel in a diesel fuel with an inert separator or the size of an active or mixed separator. In a diesel fuel without a through detonation connection between the inputs, a section of the detonation channel is also provided, the size of which determines the range of the diesel fuel operability.

In the variant of a cut-off initiator with four or more detonators, the placement of adjacent detonators outside the same plane - at different levels relative to the surface of the detonation channel placement - makes it possible to prevent emergency synchronous initiation of more than three adjacent detonators. In this case, it is possible to trigger no more than two corresponding diesel fuel in the detonation transfer mode only to half of the explosive charges (points of initiation) of the detonated object. This excludes its full-scale emergency explosion in the normal mode. This condition in a cut-off initiator with, for example, four detonators determines their placement along the vertices of the tetrahedron. The shortest distance between the plane equivalent to the impact front passing through the points of the internal explosive charges of the three detonators closest to the impact and the similar point of the explosive charge of the fourth detonator must exceed the distance determined by the time range of the diesel fuel operability and the speed of the front of the emergency impact on the detonators. This method of placing detonators makes it possible to avoid unacceptable synchronous initiation of all detonators from an explosive emergency impact - an intense shock wave or a uniform dense field of high-speed fragments.

This is the appearance of the first version of the cut-off initiator in a synchronized design.

It is possible to develop the considered technical solution with the coding of the standard initiating action on the cut-off initiator and with its execution unsynchronized. If the detonators are conventionally numbered along the contour of the closed detonation channel according to the selected sequence, then the sections of the channels between the odd detonators and the adjacent diesel fuel can be made longer than the sections between the even detonators and the adjacent diesel fuel. This creates an additional limiting condition for ensuring the operating modes of the cut-off initiator - normal operation and emergency abnormal operation with the prevention of detonation transmission. In this case, the regular triggering of the initiator is provided only when the first initiates the odd detonators farther from the diesel fuel. The time interval between the moments of initiation of odd and even detonators - the desynchronization interval - is guaranteed to exceed the operating range of the diesel fuel and is equal to the quotient of dividing the difference in the lengths of the segments by the detonation propagation velocity along the channel. Alternate initiation is provided by an initiation system with a delay line between the firing lines of the first and second detonators.

The introduction of the different lengths of the detonation channel sections and the desynchronization interval makes it possible to complicate the procedure for using the cut-off initiator and to further increase its protection against emergency initiation of the detonation object.

Thus, the first version of the cut-off detonation initiator in a synchronized design at the stages before the explosive use of the detonation object provides protection against emergency initiation of the detonation object in the event of an emergency explosion of one detonator. In addition, protection against emergency initiation is also provided in case of emergency sequential initiation of several detonators at intervals exceeding the operating range of the diesel fuel. In the desynchronized design of the cut-off initiator, protection against emergency initiation is provided when detonators are initiated at intervals that also differ from the desynchronization interval.

Also, the above technical result is achieved in the second embodiment of a cut-off initiator containing at least two detonators, logical elements I - DT, detonation outputs and a detonation channel between them, due to the fact that the detonation channel is composite and its initial section connects two detonators and contains , at least two parallel-connected diesel fuel, and each subsequent section connects the output of the diesel fuel of the previous section with an additional detonator and contains at least one diesel fuel. The outputs of the diesel fuel of the penultimate sections form the end sections containing the outputs of the initiator, which are adjacent to the points of initiation of the detonation object.

Implementation of the detonation channel as composite, with sections containing parallel-connected diesel fuel, which divide the channel into parts, as in the first version of the cut-off initiator, prevents the direct transmission of detonation to the outputs in the event of emergency initiation of one detonator or in emergency asynchronous explosions of detonators with intervals of explosions more than the range of operability of diesel fuel. Detonation transmission is possible only with synchronous initiation of the inputs of each diesel fuel sequentially in all sections of the detonation channel. Each subsequent section of the channel connects the output of the diesel fuel of the previous section with an additional detonator and contains at least one diesel fuel. Thus, the operation of the diesel fuel of the next section is possible with the synchronized operation of the additional detonator and the diesel fuel of the previous section. The number of the following sections can be any.

Parallel connected DT of the initial section are placed on its parallel branches in the central part of the section. If there are two diesel fuel in the section and they are located on the surface of the channel placement, then their outputs are directed in opposite directions. A larger number of diesel fuel can be placed outside the plane in a circle around the conditional longitudinal axis of the initial section with exits to the sides of the channel. The use of diesel fuel options with a through detonation coupling between the inputs allows, for example, instead of parallelizing the section, use a double diesel fuel with a common channel of inputs and separate separators and outputs. This increases the compactness of the channel section and reduces the amount of explosives in it. The number of separators and outlets for such a diesel fuel may be more than two, there may be a common tubular separator. On the other hand, the implementation of one or all sections of the detonation channel in the form of parallel-connected parts allows the diesel fuel of one area to be spaced apart from each other in the event of an extremely intense emergency impact that can initiate the explosives of the diesel fuel, and to reduce the likelihood of the transmission of emergency detonation to the detonation object. There is also an additional opportunity to search for a variant of the positions of parts of the initiator channel sections to reduce the gas-dynamic effect on neighboring structural elements of the blasting object.

The cut-off initiator circuit in the second embodiment can be used partially, as simplified as possible and contain three detonators, two diesel fuel and one output: in the initial section - two detonators and one diesel fuel, in the next section there is another detonator and one diesel fuel, the output of which is the final section shut-off device with its outlet. This, in contrast to the use of one diesel fuel according to SU 1778491 A1 with two detonators, increases the protection of the cut-off initiator outlet from emergency detonation due to the natural lower probability of synchronous or synchronized emergency initiation of three detonators versus two.

By analogy with the first embodiment, the cut-off initiator with four or more detonators in the second embodiment can also be protected from emergency synchronous initiation by placing adjacent detonators outside the same plane - at different levels relative to the surface of the detonation channel with the same limiting conditions.

As in the first embodiment of the cut-off initiator, in the second embodiment, the above-described synchronized and unsynchronized executions of the initiator are possible. By analogy with the first embodiment, when the lengths of the detonation channel sections are different, additional limiting conditions are also created for ensuring the operating modes of the cut-off initiator - normal and emergency operation. In this case, the time interval between the moments of initiation of more distant detonators and other detonators is also guaranteed to exceed the operating range of the diesel fuel and is equal to the quotient of the difference in the lengths of the segments by the speed of detonation propagation through the channel, but in total with the time delay for triggering the diesel fuel. Accounting for this delay is necessary, since Diesel fuel is built into the synchronized parts of the detonation propagation circuit asymmetrically. The operation of the desynchronized version of the cut-off initiator according to the second embodiment is also provided by an initiation system with delay lines between separate firing lines of sequentially fired detonators.

Thus, the second version of the cut-off detonator initiator at the stages before the explosive use of the detonated object also provides protection against emergency initiation of the detonated object in the emergency explosion of one detonator and in the emergency sequential initiation of several detonators at intervals exceeding the operational range of the diesel fuel. The likelihood of an emergency explosion also decreases with the worst combinations of emergency effects. The same applies to desynchronization with the introduction of different lengths of the detonation channel sections and the intervals between the moments of initiation of detonators, which complicates the procedure for using the cut-off initiator and further increases its protection against emergency initiation of the detonation object.

This ensures an even higher level of safety of the autonomous detonation object during operation.

The above technical result is also achieved in the third embodiment of the cut-off initiator, containing at least two detonators, logical elements AND - diesel fuel, detonation outputs and a detonation channel between them, due to the fact that the detonation channel, as in the second embodiment, is made composite , but the initial sections of the detonation channel, of which there are at least two, connect two detonators and contain at least one logical element I. containing the output of the initiator.

The implementation of the detonation channel is composite, with sections containing diesel fuel, which divide the channel into parts, as in the first and second versions of the cut-off initiator, prevents the direct transmission of detonation to the outputs in the event of emergency initiation of one detonator or in case of emergency asynchronous explosions of detonators with intervals of explosions more than the range of operability of diesel fuel.

By analogy with the first and second versions, the cut-off initiator with four detonators in the third version can also be protected from emergency synchronous initiation by placing adjacent detonators outside the same plane - at different levels relative to the surface of the detonation channel along the tetrahedron tops with the same limiting conditions ... This version of the cut-off initiator can be made as a compact autonomous detonator with four points of initiation in the form of, for example, electric exploding bridges in chambers with charges of a sufficiently sensitive blasting explosive. Despite the use of such an explosive, the detonator will also prevent the release of detonation under dangerous mechanical influences. In addition, it can also be performed out of sync with the individual disruptive chains of initiation points.

Thus, the cut-off initiator in the third embodiment also protects the detonated object from premature initiation in case of emergency actions with the explosion of one detonator and in case of emergency sequential initiation of several detonators at intervals exceeding the operating range of the diesel fuel or the desynchronization interval.

A symbiosis of the presented variants of the cut-off detonation initiator is possible.

The invention is illustrated by the following drawings.

FIG. 1 is a diagram of a cut-off initiator in the first embodiment with two detonators and two diesel fuel and outputs.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of a cut-off initiator in the first embodiment with four detonators and four diesel fuel and outputs.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of a logical element AND - a detonation triode (DT) in general form (symbolic designation).

FIG. 4 is a diagram of a diesel fuel with a through detonation coupling between the inputs (symbolic designation).

FIG. 5 - DT circuit without end-to-end detonation coupling between inputs (conventional designation).

FIG. 6 - variant of diesel fuel with counter-detonation, inert separator and through detonation coupling between the inputs, with operating modes a, b, c, where a - detonation transfer mode, b, c - detonation blocking modes.

FIG. 7 - section DT (Fig. 6) by the plane of symmetry. Surrounding material is not shown.

FIG. 8 - variant of diesel fuel with interruption of narrow channels due to detonation decay behind the bend, without end-to-end detonation coupling between the inputs and with operating modes a, b, c, where a - detonation transfer mode, b, c - detonation blocking modes.

FIG. 9 is a diagram of a cut-off initiator in the first embodiment with an odd number of detonators - with three detonators, three diesel fuel without a through detonation connection between the inputs and three outputs.

FIG. 10 - cut-off initiator in the first embodiment with a square closed channel and four detonators located at the vertices of the tetrahedron.

FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an unsynchronized cutoff initiator in the first embodiment.

FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a cut-off initiator in the second embodiment.

FIG. 13 - a variant of a double diesel fuel with counter detonation, an inert separator and a through detonation coupling between the inputs, with operating modes a, b, c, where a - detonation transfer mode, b, c - detonation blocking modes.

FIG. 14 is a section of a double DF (Fig. 13) by a plane of symmetry. Surrounding material is not shown.

FIG. 15 is a diagram of a dual diesel fuel (symbol).

FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of a cut-off initiator in the second embodiment with dual DTs.

FIG. 17 is a diagram of a cut-off initiator in the second embodiment with parallel sections of the detonation channel.

FIG. 18 is a truncated (abbreviated) diagram of a cut-off initiator in the second embodiment.

FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of a cut-off initiator in a third embodiment with two detonators.

FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of a cut-off initiator in a third embodiment with four detonators.

FIG. 21 is a structural diagram of a cut-off initiator in the form of a detonator with four points of initiation located at the vertices of a tetrahedron.

It should be noted that in the elements of detonics and millidetonics, to which the considered devices can be attributed, in contrast to electronics with relatively instantaneous signal propagation, the length of the channels plays an important role. Therefore, on the schematic diagrams of detonics, it is necessary to reflect the proportions of the lengths of the sections of the detonation channels and their shape in order to obtain a complete picture of the possibility of implementing the conceived configuration, as well as the required amount of explosives. This was prompted by the analysis of the invention "detonation element I" according to patent RU 2128815 C1. It is also necessary to take into account the natural delays in the propagation of detonation in diesel fuel of each type due to the peculiarities of the formation, interaction and transmission of shock and detonation waves in separators of different designs and from different materials, as well as due to the conditional return of the process wave front from the collision site through the separator and along the receiving section to the output section in the T-shaped output channels of the diesel fuel with a through detonation connection between the inputs with the asynchronous operation of the diesel fuel within the operability range. In the diesel fuel according to the patent RU 2616044 C1, the length of the channel due to tortuosity is almost twice the distance between the far inlet and outlet, which should also be taken into account when constructing a diagram of the sections of the cutter channel using such a diesel fuel. In this regard, when calculating and constructing graphical schemes of detonics, or otherwise - explosive schemes, it is advisable to replace elements with a reduced average velocity of propagation of a detonation or shock-wave signal between the input and output by equivalent, for example, P-shaped loops with an additional length equal to the product the time delay in the element in comparison with the main section of the channel of the same size by the detonation propagation velocity.

In the figures, the positions indicate: 1 - detonator, 2 - detonation channel, 3 - logical element AND (DT), 4 - input-branch, 5 - output, 6 - DT separator, 7 - delay line, 8 - initial section, 9 - next section. In the schematic figures, the detonator 1 is equivalent to the input of the detonation channel 2 and is indicated by an open circle. The sections of the detonation channel 2 are indicated by lines. DT 3 in general, according to FIG. 3 are indicated by a rectangle with an "AND" and an "&". The inputs and outputs of DT 3 are indicated by shaded triangular arrows in accordance with the standard direction of the detonation stroke. Outlets 5 of the cut-off initiator are indicated by a solid circle.

The device operates as follows.

According to option 1 (Fig. 1), in the normal mode of operation, synchronous initiation of detonators 1 leads to the transfer of detonation to detonation channel 2 through the inputs-branches 4 and propagation of detonation in different directions along the channel to neighboring diesel fuel 3. The diesel fuel is synchronously initiated, causing detonation of outputs 5 and further - parts of the detonation object.

In case of emergency initiation of one detonator 1, detonation along detonation channel 2 propagates to the most distant point of the channel, passing unilaterally through DT 3 with a through detonation coupling between the inputs or decaying in DT 3 without a through detonation coupling between the inputs, which do not work in this mode. Detonation is not transmitted to outputs 5 and to the detonation object.

In case of emergency synchronous or synchronized initiation of two adjacent detonators 1, one DT 3 is triggered between them, causing a partial explosion of the detonated object.

The introduction of delay lines 6 into the detonation channel 2 requires the first to initiate detonators 1 farther from the diesel fuel 3 using the first channel of the two-channel initiation system.

According to option 2 (Fig. 12), in the normal operating mode, synchronous initiation of detonators 1 of the initial section of detonation channel 2 leads to synchronous initiation of diesel fuel 3 and the transfer of detonation to the following sections of detonation channel 2, which in turn are initiated from the other side by the second set of detonators 1. When This ensures synchronous initiation of the second diesel fuel 3, detonation of outputs 5 and further - parts of the detonation object.

In case of emergency initiation of one detonator 1 of the initial section of the detonation channel 2, the detonation propagates to the opposite end of the section, passing unilaterally through the DT 3 of this section, which do not work in this mode (the diesel fuel with a through detonation connection between the inputs is considered). Detonation is not transmitted further to the next sections, to outputs 5 and to the detonation object.

In case of emergency initiation of one detonator 1 of the next section of detonation channel 2, the detonation spreads to the opposite end of the section - to DT 3 of the initial section, passing unilaterally through DT 3 of the next section, which do not work in this mode (DT with a through detonation connection between the inputs are considered). Detonation is not transmitted anywhere further.

When using a diesel fuel without a through detonation connection between the inputs, the abnormal detonation of one input to the diesel fuel is attenuated.

In case of emergency synchronous initiation of two detonators 1 of the initial section, its DF 3 is triggered, but without triggering the detonators 1 of the following sections, this does not trigger the DF 3 of these sections and then detonation of the detonated object.

In case of emergency synchronous initiation of two detonators 1 of the following sections of their diesel fuel 3 do not work, the detonation of the detonated object is excluded.

In case of emergency synchronous initiation of two adjacent detonators 1 of different sections, their DT 3 does not work, the detonation of the detonated object is excluded.

According to option 3 (Fig. 19), in the normal operating mode, synchronous initiation of detonators 1 of the initial sections of detonation channel 2 leads to synchronous initiation of detonation channel 3 in them and the transfer of detonation from both sides to the next section of detonation channel 2 and synchronous initiation of detonation unit 3 of this section, detonation of the output 5 and further - the object of detonation.

Emergency operating modes of the cut-off initiator in the third embodiment are similar to the operating modes of the second embodiment.

The unsynchronized mode of operation of the corresponding variant of the cut-off initiator in the second and third variants of execution is similar to that of the first variant.

Thus, the shut-off initiator in any of the presented versions provides protection of the detonated object from the emergency operation of one detonator and from a number of variants of emergency operation of more than one detonator.

Computational and theoretical models, structures and working drawings have been developed. The efficiency of the elements and versions of the cut-off detonation initiator has been experimentally confirmed.

Claims (6)

1. A cut-off initiator containing at least two detonators, logical elements AND, detonation outputs and a detonation channel between them, characterized in that the detonation channel is closed with branch inputs distributed along the channel and adjacent to the detonators, between the branch inputs of the detonation channel located at least one logical AND gate with detonation outputs, forming the outputs of the initiator. 2. The cut-off initiator according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains at least four detonators and they are located outside the same plane. 3. A cut-off initiator containing at least two detonators, logical elements AND, detonation outputs and a detonation channel between them, characterized in that the detonation channel is made composite, the initial section of the detonation channel connects two detonators and contains at least two parallel connected logic element, each next section connects the output of the logical element of the previous section with an additional detonator and contains at least one logical element AND, and the outputs of the logical elements of the penultimate sections form end sections containing the outputs of the initiator. 4. A cut-off initiator according to claim 3, characterized in that it contains at least four detonators and they are located outside the same plane. 5. A cut-off initiator containing at least two detonators, logical elements AND, detonation outputs and a detonation channel between them, characterized in that the detonation channel is made composite, the initial sections of the detonation channel connect two detonators and contain at least one logical element And, the next section connects the outputs of the logical elements of the initial sections and contains at least one logical AND gate, the output of which forms the final section containing the output of the initiator. 6. Cut-off initiator according to claim 5, characterized in that there are at least four detonators and they are located outside the same plane.

Images