RU2616044C1 - Detonation triode - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: blasting.

SUBSTANCE: detonation transistor consists of a detonation channel system with two inputs and outputs. Detonation passageway extending from the first entry is divided into two channels - the main walking to the exit and blocking. Blocking the channel is shorter than the main and link up with them. From the second entry is a control channel that crosses blocking the channel and merges with the main channel. The length of the locking channel of the entrance to the intersection with the control channel equals the length of the main channel from the inlet to the point of closure with the control channel. Control channel length between the blocking and the main channels determined by the analytical expression.

EFFECT: increased reliability and security products with explosive detonation transistor, reducing its size, weight and explosive work time, simplifying the selection and calculation performance range, the unification of the design as the components for building a more complex multi-node.

3 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices that transmit detonation, and in particular to logical detonating devices intended for controlled transmission of detonation in order to initiate explosive charges from one or more initiators. It can be used in various fields of explosive technology to reduce the risk of preparing for explosion various devices with explosive charges (explosives), as well as to build explosive logic circuits (VLC), capable of transmitting detonation in different combinations to initiated charges or parts of one charge to obtain different modes of operation of explosive products.

Known explosive logic element And having two inputs and one output with a receiving element, which are made in the form of detonation channels separated by a partition of inert material (AS No. 1778491; IPC F42B 3/10, F42C 15/00, publ. In Bulletin No. 44 of November 30, 1992), which is a detonation triode (DT).

The disadvantage of this device for a number of applications is the possibility of transmitting detonation between the inputs in case of accidental initiation of one of the inputs, which increases the danger of the product with such a device.

Known explosive logic device (VLU) (RF patent No. 2335732; IPC F42B 3/10, F42D 1/04, publ. 06/20/2006) with locking circuits, unlocking, branching of explosive circuits and explosive valves for interrupting explosive circuits - detonation channels. This device is built on a detonation switch circuit in which the blocking circuits are sections of a detonation cord (DTP) in a metal sheath. The disconnecting interruption effect on the detonation channel arises from the lateral action of the expanding shell of the triggered DS, crossing with the channel.

Unlike the explosive logical element AND, VLU performs the function of logical summation only when the blocking channel is the first to trigger. VLU has only one limiting response condition, determined by the presence of one blocking channel. When the main input of the device is triggered, the main channel is blocked and the presence of an additional interrupt channel does not affect the VLU function in any way.

The main disadvantage of such a device is that when the control input is initiated, the VLU switches to an operable state open for detonation for an infinite period of time, i.e. VLU ceases to perform a logical function - to transmit detonation only by a certain condition. Initiation of the main input with the triggered control channel leads to the unhindered transmission of detonation to the output. This device does not have a second limiting condition for implementing a logical function, there is no finite, limited on two sides, time range of operability, which allows only specified deviations from the established procedure for initiating inputs of any summing logic device with a finite signal propagation speed. Excessive lead or delay in the initiation of inputs relative to each other should lead to the decay of detonation within the device.

Another disadvantage of VLU is that the control destructive effect of the detonation cord on the disconnected line is slower than the direct influence of the interlocking detonation channels on each other, as in other analogs of such devices. To ensure the operability of such a device, an increase in the time of its operation is required with the introduction of detonation delay lines into the channels. This entails an increase in the dimensions of the device, which is not always acceptable.

The closest analogue is the detonation element I (RF patent No. 2128815, IPC F42B 3/10, F42D 1/04, publ. 04/10/1999) in a number of versions, also built on the basis of a detonation switch, supplemented by the introduction of delay lines into the channels detonation by increasing, as an option, the length of the channels due to the formation of loops. In the detonation element And, to perform a summing logical function, it is proposed to use two blocking places instead of three.

The disadvantage of the closest analogue is the complexity of the selection and calculation of a workable version of the scheme with the corresponding ratio of the lengths of the sections of the channels, their configuration and mutual layout. In addition, the presence of a delay line leads to a significant increase in operating time and an increase in explosive mass.

The objective of the invention is to develop a detonation triode with preventing the propagation of abnormal detonation along the initiating circuit between the inputs with the possibility of choosing the magnitude of the health range, with the simplest switching elements, constructed, as an option, based on the angular effect.

The technical result achieved by using the proposed detonation triode is expressed in the following:

- increases the reliability and safety of explosive products with a detonation triode;

- reduced dimensions, mass BB and operating time of the diesel fuel;

- simplifies the selection, maintenance and calculation of the main characteristics of the summing elements of the VLC - the range of performance;

- the DT design is unified and can be used as an element base for building more complex multicomponent VLCs, which allows creating a unified manufacturing technology, simplifying testing, increasing reliability and creating various new types of VLCs.

The technical result is achieved in that the detonation triode consists of a system of detonation channels with two inputs and an output. The detonation channel going from the first entrance is divided into two channels - the main one, going to the exit, and blocking, while the blocking channel is shorter than the main one and is closed with it. From the second input, there is a control channel that crosses the blocking channel and closes with the main channel. The length of the blocking channel from the entrance to the point of intersection with the control channel is equal to the length of the main channel from the entrance to the point of contact with the control channel. The channels are 20 ± 5% wide smaller than the critical size of the corner effect zone. The inner radii of the turns of the channels exceed the critical size of the zone of the angular effect, and at the points of intersection and closure of the channels, the critical size of the zones of the corner effect exceeds the width of the channels.

The main channel is designed to transmit detonation to the output of the diesel engine when the blocking channel is turned off.

The blocking channel is designed to disable the main channel, for which it is made shorter than the main one, so that detonation along it approaches the point of their closure faster.

The control channel is designed to disable the blocking channel and to allow detonation to pass through the main channel until the detonation arrives at the junction of the control and main channels when the main channel is disconnected from this.

The length of the blocking channel from the entrance to the point of intersection with the control channel is equal to the length of the main channel from the entrance to the point of contact with the control channel in order to simplify the selection of the length of the control channel and the synchronization of the moment of detonation arrival at the points of intersection and closure with the moment of detonation arrival in the middle of the control section channel between these points.

The channels are made with a width of 20 ± 5% less than the critical size of the zone of the angular effect, which ensures detonation decay at channel turns at an angle of 80 ° or more.

The internal radii of the turns of the channels exceed the critical size of the zone of the angular effect, which allows detonation to propagate along the channel without delay. At the points of intersection and closure of the channels, the critical size of the zones of the angular effect exceeds the width of the channels, which on the one hand leads to the decay of detonation at the bend, and on the other hand leads to the formation of a cavity in the transverse channel and the loss of detonation conductivity.

The proposed design of the DT allows to ensure reliable transmission of detonation subject to the conditions for the simultaneous initiation of the inputs of the DT. Detonation transmission is excluded in case of accidental initiation of one of the inputs or simultaneous initiation of both inputs of the DT with a difference of more than the working range. Accidental initiation is possible when initiators (detonators) are used that are sensitive to external emergency (shock, explosive, bullet or fragmentation) or erroneous influences.

In FIG. 1 shows a diagram of the zone of the angular effect in a wide channel with explosives. In FIG. 2 shows a section AA of the zone of the angular effect in a wide channel with explosives. In FIG. 3 shows a diagram of the zone of the angular effect in a narrow channel with explosives. In FIG. 4 shows a diagram of a diesel fuel. In FIG. 5 shows an example of a detonation triode. Figure 6 shows a section bB with a section of the channel. In FIG. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6: 1 - zone of the corner effect, 2 - main channel, 3 - blocking channel, 4 - first input, 5 - output, 6 - control channel, 7 - second input, B - critical size of the corner effect zone. The arrows in FIG. 1 and in FIG. 4 at inputs 4 and 7 and at output 5 show the direction of propagation of detonation. The arrows in figure 4 on channels 3 and 6 show the disconnection points of channels 2 and 3.

The angular effect during the propagation of detonation along elongated channels with explosives wider than the characteristic size of the critical section of the explosives consists in the formation of a zone of unreacted explosives behind the rotation of the detonation channel. If the width of the channel behind the turn is less than the critical size B of the corner effect zone 1 (Fig. 1), then the detonation decays (A. V. Attetkov, M. M. Boyko. “Detonation Logical Elements”, UDC 534.222.2, journal “Combustion Physics” and the explosion ”, 1994, volume 30, No. 5). The angular effect of the attenuation is caused by the presence in the detonating elongated charges of the Chariton explosive layer — a surface explosive layer with a reduced pressure of the chemical reaction due to “unloading” into the surrounding material (Balagansky I.A., Merzhievsky L.A. Effect of weapons and ammunition: Textbook . - Novosibirsk: Publishing house of NSTU. - 2004, p. 191). In this case, the lateral effect of the explosive decreases to a level insufficient to initiate the explosive located immediately behind the rotation of the detonation channel. The surface of the array of unreacted explosives is quite complex, dynamic and has a saddle shape with a minimum thickness in the center of the channel section. The ratio of the channel width to the minimum thickness of the zone of the angular effect determines whether detonation will pass into the side branch of the channel. The minimum thickness of the zone of the corner effect can be considered the critical size B of the zone of corner effect 1. On experimental metal witness plates adjacent to the plane on which the detonation channels with a rotation angle of 90 ° were made, the imprint of the zone of unreacted (non-detonated) explosive with a shape close to a semicircle (S. A. Novikov, V. I. Shutov. On the propagation of detonation in a strip with turning angles. - Combustion and Explosion Physics, 1980 - V. 16, No. 3. - Publishing House "Science" . - Siberian Branch, Novosibirsk, s 153; IF Kobylkin, NI Nosenko. The propagation of detonation waves in sheet explosive charges with angular boundaries. - Chemical Physics, 1998 - T. 17, No. 1. - Publishing House "Science". - Moscow, p. 114; Explosion Physics / Under the editorship of L.P. Orlenko. - Ed. 3rd, revised. - 2 vol. T. 1. - M .: FIZMATLIT, 2002, p. 280).

The DT circuit (Fig. 4) is maximally simplified in comparison with analogues and consists of a main channel 2, a blocking channel 3, which branch from the first input 4 and go in parallel to the rotation of the main channel. Behind the rotation of the main channel 2, the blocking channel 3 closes with it and then the main channel ends with output 5. The main channel 2 and the blocking channel 3 intersect with the control channel 6 coming from the second input 7.

An example of a detonation triode (Fig. 5) is constructed using the angular effect of detonation decay beyond the rotation of a narrow channel due to the formation of a zone of unreacted explosive. The proposed DT consists of a main channel 2 and a blocking channel 3, extending from the first input 4 and closing before the output 5, and a control channel 6, extending from the second input 7. The grooves for the detonation channels are made in a matrix (frame) of polymer material (in FIG. (not shown) and filled with plastic explosives based on PETN.

Channels 2, 3, and 6 have a minimum depth exceeding the characteristic size of the critical section for the used explosive and determined by technological limitations, and width exceeding the characteristic size of the critical section for the used explosive, but guaranteeing the detonation decay at an unbounded turn of the channel at an angle of at least 80 °.

The dimensions of the DT are connected as follows - the lengths of the shortest path along the main and blocking channels 2 and 3 from the input 4 to the control channel 6 are equal to the length of the path from the input 7 to the middle of the section of the control channel 6 between the main and blocking channels 2 and 3. In this case, synchronous initiation inputs 4 and 7 will lead to the triggering of the DT with the detonation of output 5. The admissible time difference between the initiation of inputs - the operating range of the DT - is determined by the length of the section of the control channel 6 between the main and blocking channels 2 and 3 and is equal to

wherein _W l - length of the channel control portion 6 between the ground and the locking channels 2 and 3;

U is the detonation velocity of the explosive, mm / μs;

Δτ _Crete is the critical minimum amount of advancing the approach of "blocking" detonation to the point of closure or crossing of the channels, guaranteeing its regular operation.

For cases where detonation initiators are used in inputs 4 and 7 of the DT with a greater or lesser difference in response time, the working range of the DT version can be changed by increasing or decreasing the length of the section of the control channel 6 between the main and blocking channels 2 and 3, taking into account the value of Δτ _crit and possible cumulative effects between channels 2 and 3.

The device operates as follows.

With the simultaneous initiation of detonation in inputs 4 and 7, detonation waves propagate along the main 2 blocking 3 and controlling 6 channels. The detonation in the control channel 6 first crosses the intersection point with the blocking channel 3, cutting it off from the junction point with the main channel 2. The detonation in the main channel 2 first crosses the junction point with the control channel 6, passing further to exit 5. The DT is triggered as usual.

When initiating only input 4, detonation propagates along the main 2 and blocking 3 channels. Since the blocking channel 3 is shorter than the main channel 2, detonation along the blocking channel 3 will come to the point of their closure earlier. Thus, the main channel 2 is cut off from the output 5 and the operation of the DT is blocked.

When initiating only input 7, detonation propagates along the control channel 6, first crossing the blocking channel 3, then the main channel 2 and the operation of the DT is blocked.

Thus, upon the initiation of one of the inputs or the delayed initiation of one input with respect to the other with a difference in time greater than the operability range, detonation decays within the detonation triode.

Claims (7)

1. The detonation triode, consisting of a system of detonation channels with two inputs and an output, the detonation channel coming from the first input is divided into two channels - the main one, going to the output, and blocking, while the blocking channel is shorter than the main one and is closed with it, and from the second input is a control channel, characterized in that the control channel crosses the blocking channel and closes with the main channel, the length of the blocking channel from the entrance to the intersection with the control channel is equal to the length of the main channel from the entrance to the junction point with the control channel, and the length of the section of the control channel l _UU between the blocking and the main channels is l _UU = U (Δτ _max + Δτ _Crete ), where U is the detonation velocity of the explosive, mm / μs; Δτ _max is the admissible time difference between the initiation of inputs; Δτ _Crete is the critical minimum amount of advancing the approach of "blocking" detonation to the point of closure or crossing of the channels, guaranteeing its regular operation. 2. The detonation triode according to claim 1, characterized in that at the points of intersection and closure, the width of the intersected detonation channels does not exceed the critical size of the corner effect zone, and the internal radii of rotation of the detonation channels exceed the critical size of the corner effect zone. 3. The detonation triode according to claim 1, characterized in that the detonation channels are 20 ± 5% wide less than the critical size of the corner effect zone.

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