RU2754052C2 - Device for spraying fire extinguishing liquid - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire extinguishing.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of fire extinguishing, namely to devices designed for the use in automatic fire protection systems of mobile quarry equipment, mainly as actuators for cooling highly heated equipment and preventing fire, and as devices for extinguishing fires as part of a combined fire extinguishing system. The device for spraying fire extinguishing liquid includes a sealed case filled with fire extinguishing liquid with a free space above its level, a solid fuel gas generator equipped with exhaust holes is coaxially installed in the upper part of the case, an exhaust nozzle equipped with a bursting membrane is made in the case, and it is also made with the possibility of supplying fire extinguishing liquid to a sprayer; the device is characterized in that a filtration unit in the form of a cavity is made in the bottom part of the case, closed from the outside and communicating with the cavity of the case through a filter mesh, while the exhaust nozzle is made in the upper part of the case and connected to a siphon, the other end of which is combined with the filtration unit to allow liquid to enter the siphon through the filtration unit, and the exhaust outlets of the gas generator are located below the liquid level in the case.

EFFECT: use of the proposed device makes it possible to ensure cooling of the surface of a highly heated heat-intensive object of protection to a temperature lower than the self-ignition temperature of flammable technical liquids, after exposure of high-amplitude vibration and shock loads on the proposed device.

6 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of fire extinguishing, namely to devices intended for use in automatic fire protection systems of mobile quarry equipment, mainly as executive devices for cooling highly heated equipment and preventing fires, as well as devices for extinguishing fires as part of a combined fire extinguishing system.

The operating conditions of mobile quarry vehicles imply high-amplitude vibration effects, the presence of coal dust in the environment, as well as exposure to temperatures from minus 50 ° C to plus 95 ° C.

A large number of patents are known for devices (modules) designed for fire extinguishing with sprayed liquid (water), in the design of which a siphon tube is used (for example, patents No. 1837908, class A62C 5/00, publ. 08/30/93, No. 2112572, class. А62С 5/00., Publ. 10.05.2006, No. 2177815, class А62С 35/00, publ. 02.02.2000).

However, none of the known devices provided with a siphon tube provides reliability under the above operating conditions. The disadvantages of these devices are the presence of separate means for supplying gas and liquid, or the need to control the gas pressure - the displacer inside the cylinder with the extinguishing agent, which increases the equipment of the device, control elements, the consumption of metal and other materials, increases the possibility of failures, thereby reducing reliability, and worsens economic indicators in terms of overall dimensions, weight and conditions of use.

A known module for extinguishing a finely atomized fire extinguishing liquid according to RF patent No. 2494780 (class A62C 35/00, publ. 10.06.2012) with a gas generator, as well as a glass, in which a chamber is placed with the formation of an annular cavity between them, communicating with the space above the fire extinguishing liquid, while an outlet nozzle with a diaphragm is installed in the lower part of the module housing, and a microencapsulated phlegmatizer is placed in the annular cavity between the walls of the glass and the chamber and / or a flame retardant.

The disadvantage that impedes the use of this invention is the unreliability of sealing the fuel cells of the gas generator when the module is used in the specified operating conditions, for example, with prolonged exposure to high-amplitude vibration. There is also concern about the heating of the module case surface by the expelling gases to the flash point of coal dust.

Known RF patent No. 2607967 (class A62C 35/00, publ. 09/30/2015) "Module for fire extinguishing with a finely sprayed fire extinguishing liquid" placed in a glass, a cavity is formed between the walls of the gas generator and the glass, allowing communication between it and the space above the liquid level in the housing, a cylindrical outlet nozzle is mounted in the lower part of the module housing, equipped with a bursting disc, and a sprayer is installed for fine atomization of the liquid, which is made in the form of a hollow body, installed directly on the outlet nozzle, forming its bottom part, where paired channels are made evenly in annular rows to ensure that the axes of each pair of channels intersect with each other outside the atomizer at a distance of 5-8 mm from the outer surface of the atomizer, the rows of paired channels are made on d at two levels along the height of the nozzle, the bisectors of the angles between the paired channels of the lower level are oriented relative to the axis of the nozzle at an angle of 20-35 deg, and the upper level at an angle of 45-70 deg, in the direction of the protected surface, while the ratio of the length of the nozzle channel to the diameter of the channel is 1 : 0.2-0.5.

This module provides a liquid outlet in the form of water mist, but its use under these conditions is not reliable, since the outlet nozzle equipped with a bursting disc is located at the bottom of the module. In this case, the column of liquid in the module, when exposed to high-amplitude vibration and shock loads, can deform the outlet membrane, which, as a rule, has a low strength. The membrane from these influences may open, and the liquid will leak out.

The closest technical solution to the proposed device in terms of design features and the achieved technical result is the module according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2607967, which is selected as a prototype.

The problem to be solved by the proposed invention is the creation of a device that prevents the ignition of highly heated heat-intensive parts of heavy-duty mining equipment and other equipment, due to effective cooling using water or aqueous solutions, and also as devices for direct extinguishing of fires as part of a combined fire extinguishing system ...

The use of the proposed device makes it possible to ensure the achievement of the technical result obtained after exposure of the proposed devices to high-amplitude vibration and shock loads, namely:

- cooling the surface of a highly heated heat-intensive object of protection to a temperature below the autoignition temperature of flammable technical liquids;

- device speed - no more than 2 s,

- duration of fluid supply - not less than 40 seconds.

The specified technical characteristics will allow (in addition to extinguishing) to exclude the fact of re-ignition.

The achievement of the specified technical result is ensured by the fact that a device for spraying a fire extinguishing liquid, including a sealed housing filled with a fire extinguishing liquid with the provision of free space above its level, in the upper part of the housing is coaxially installed a solid-fuel gas generator equipped with outlet openings, in the housing there is an outlet nozzle equipped with a bursting diaphragm , and is also made with the possibility of supplying a fire extinguishing liquid to the sprayer, characterized in that in the bottom part of the body there is a filtration unit in the form of a cavity closed from the outside and communicating with the body cavity through a filter mesh, while the outlet nozzle is made in the upper part of the body and is connected with a siphon, the other end of which is aligned with the filtration unit so that liquid can enter the siphon through the filtration unit, and the outlets of the gas generator are located below the liquid level in the housing.

For the release of the fire extinguishing liquid into hard-to-reach areas of the protected object, it is preferable to supplement the outlet nozzle with piping equipped with sprayers.

The manufacturability of filling the module with a fire-extinguishing liquid is ensured by making a filler neck with a cover in the upper part of the body.

To protect the module from emergency overpressure, it is preferable to install a throat of a safety device with a diaphragm in the upper part of the housing.

The gas generator membrane is compressed by the gas generator outlet unit, on the lateral surface of which the outlets are evenly distributed, which ensures the distribution of the gas flow into the volume of the fire extinguishing liquid perpendicular to the side walls of the module case.

The essence of the invention is illustrated in the drawings. FIG. 1 shows a general view of the module in section, FIG. 2 shows a section of the module as seen from the left.

The proposed device consists of a sealed housing 1, filled with a fire extinguishing liquid 2, providing a free volume 3 above its level. In the upper part of the casing 1, the casing of the gas generator 4 is coaxially installed, in the cover 5 of which the electroactivator 7 is located. The solid fuel of the gas generator 6 is located in the casing of the gas generator 4, which is separated by a gas-permeable partition 8 from the outlet 10 of the gas generator. Behind the gas-permeable baffle 8 is the outlet membrane of the gas generator 9, calibrated to a given pressure. The membrane 9 is pressed by the outlet of the gas generator 10, the outlets 11 of which are located below the liquid level 2, are distributed evenly around the circumference, and are directed towards the side surface of the housing 1. In the bottom part of the housing of the device 1, a filter housing 13 is formed in the form of a filter cavity 15 with a cover 14. The cavity 15 is separated from the main volume of the housing 1 by a mesh filter 16. The bottom of the filter housing 13 is sealed with a gasket 17, which is pressed by the cover 14. A siphon tube 12 comes out of the cavity 15, fastened to the mesh 16 by means of a fitting 27 and a nut 28 of a siphon tube 12. And the other end the siphon tube 12 communicates with the outlet 18, which is located in the upper part of the housing of the device 1. The outlet 18 is equipped with an outlet rupture disc 19 calibrated to a predetermined pressure. The diaphragm 19 is compressed by the outlet under the piping 20, which serves to connect the guide line 25. The guide line 25, connected to the outlet of the device 20, provides a coolant supply to the sprayer (s) 26. On the upper part of the housing 1, above the level of the extinguishing liquid 2, there is a throat of the safety device 23, which includes a safety membrane 24, which protects the device from emergency overpressure.

The proposed device works as follows.

When a current pulse is applied to the electric activator 7, there is an intense gas release from the fuel of the gas generator 6. The gas-permeable partition 8 ensures the combustion of fuel 6 inside the housing of the gas generator 4, preventing fuel slag from entering the fire extinguishing liquid. As the predetermined pressure in the casing of the gas generator 4 is reached, the rupture disc 9 collapses along the notches, bending back in the form of petals, the gas, through the outlets of the gas generator 11, made in the outlet unit 10, enters the internal volume of the device. Passing through the fire extinguishing liquid 2, the gas, while cooling, passes into the free volume 3 above the liquid level. Free volume 3 above the liquid level 2 accumulates kinetic energy in the form of compressed gas. As the specified pressure in the body 1 is reached, the membrane 9, calibrated to break at a given pressure, collapses along the notches, bending back in the form of petals. Under pressure, the extinguishing liquid 2 is fed into the filter cavity 15 in the form of a housing 13 with a cover 14, pressing the gasket 17 and through the filter mesh 16 enters the siphon tube 12. Through the outlet 18 under the piping 20 and through the opened outlet membrane 19 along the guide line 25 to the sprayer (s) 26. The sprayer (s) 26 forms a drip stream of liquid and sprinkles the protected equipment. The sprayer (s) 26 has a certain flow area, matched with the gas capacity of the fuel cells 6, and with a free volume 3 above the surface of the liquid 2, providing continuous monotonous irrigation of the protected equipment. At the beginning of the device operation, the pressure in the guide line 25 in front of the sprayer (s) 26 exceeds 0.4 MPa, the sprayer (s) 26 forms a finely atomized liquid flow (with an arithmetic mean diameter of droplets less than 150 microns). As the extinguishing liquid 2 is consumed, the pressure in the housing 1 of the device drops, and the liquid flow becomes drip. Due to the fact that the gas from the housing of the gas generator 4 comes out through the liquid, the upper part of the housing 1 does not overheat, which guarantees the safety of the device. The massive cover of the gas generator 5, which dissipates the heat of the combustion fuel 6, also helps to prevent overheating.

The device is filled with fire extinguishing liquid through the filler neck 21 with a cover 22. Also, the proposed module is equipped with a safety device in the form of a neck 23 and a safety membrane 24, which opens in the event of an emergency overpressure

The proposed device for spraying a fire extinguishing liquid is intended both for independent work on cooling (and, therefore, for preventing fire), and for working as part of a combined fire extinguishing system, as an auxiliary means for extinguishing and cooling highly heated equipment.

The proposed devices, each containing 26 liters of fire extinguishing liquid AK43 TU 20.59.52-001-73591144-2017, were tested in relation to providing cooling of surfaces heated to a temperature of about 600 ° C, as well as with combined extinguishing with a fire extinguishing powder followed by surface cooling by the proposed device for prevent re-ignition.

Extinguishing the model of the exhaust manifold of a heavy-duty dump truck, consisting of a combination of thick-walled steel tubular elements, with a total weight of 160 kg, heated to an average temperature of 600 ° C. To simulate the rupture of the oil line, hydraulic oil "Lukoil Geyser ST 32" was sprayed onto the model through a centrifugal nozzle at a flow rate of 6.7 l / min. At the initial stage of hydraulic oil combustion, fire extinguishing powder was supplied from the Buran-type powder fire extinguishing module. After 25 seconds after its launch, the proposed device was launched in order to cool it with sprayed water. After working out the fire extinguishing system, hydraulic oil was supplied to the model of the collector for another 12 s. Re-ignition during testing of the proposed device was not recorded.

The surface temperature of the model of the collector at the end of the test in both cases was less than 300 ° C.

Tests for compliance with the requirements of the group of mechanical performance M31 in accordance with GOSTZ0631-99 were carried out by transporting the proposed devices on roads of category II and III with cobblestone and unpaved surfaces at a distance of 500 km at a speed of up to 60 km / h. The devices were installed in working position. During the test, the absence of deformation and destruction of the elements of the device, the absence of leakage of the extinguishing agent was monitored. After the completion of the tests, the proposed device (in the amount of 5 pieces) was checked for operability.

Test results:

External examination of damage, leaks and destruction of the elements of the modules was not found.

The products that have passed the run test have been tested for operation. The test result confirms that the response parameters correspond to the declared technical indicators of the proposed device: the response rate was no more than 2 s, the operating time was not less than 40 s, and no repeated fires were observed when the highly heated surfaces were cooled by the proposed device. Such indicators were provided by all devices participating in the test run.

The prototype module, when used as a cooling device, was tested under the same conditions as described above before running tests. However, finely sprayed water evaporated even before contact with the heated surface and did not have the required cooling effect. Therefore, the continuation of tests for the effect of high-amplitude vibration and shock loads was not carried out.

Thus, the proposed device, in comparison with the prototype, according to the test results, ensures the achievement of the specified technical result and confirms the operability after exposure to the devices of high-amplitude vibration and shock loads. Achievement of the specified technical result is ensured by the entire set of essential features set forth in the claims.

Claims (6)

1. A device for spraying a fire-extinguishing liquid, including a sealed housing filled with a fire-extinguishing liquid with the provision of free space above its level, in the upper part of the housing, a solid-fuel gas generator is coaxially installed, equipped with outlet openings, an outlet nozzle is made in the housing, equipped with a bursting diaphragm, and made to enable supplying fire extinguishing liquid to the sprayer, characterized in that in the bottom part of the body there is a filtration unit in the form of a cavity closed from the outside and communicating with the body cavity through a filter mesh, while the outlet nozzle is made in the upper part of the body and connected to a siphon, the other end of which is aligned with a filtering unit, allowing liquid to enter the siphon through the filtering unit, and the gas generator outlets are located below the liquid level in the housing. 2. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the outlet nozzle is made with the possibility of connecting it to the piping provided with sprayers. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a filler neck with a lid is made in the upper part of the body. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the neck of the safety device with a membrane is made in the upper part of the body. 5. The device according to claim. 1, characterized in that the solid fuel of the gas generator is separated by a gas-permeable partition from the membrane of the gas generator. 6. The device according to PP. 1 and 5, characterized in that the gas generator membrane is compressed by the gas generator outlet unit, on the side surface of which the outlet openings are evenly distributed.

Images