RU2753286C1 - Building - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of construction, namely to buildings for various purposes. A building containing walls, a roof and a vertical channel located along the central axis of the building, in which engineering communication systems are installed independently of each other, including an air conditioning system, exhaust ventilation, a heating and hot water supply system integrated and distributed in horizontal surfaces, as well as a drainage system including runoff from the roof. Each of the systems has its own branch of the channel connected to the roof, made with a slope towards the interface, with the possibility of receiving water collected from the roof surface into the drainage system. In the lower part, the channel communicates with a horizontal channel leading to external communication systems.

EFFECT: possibility of access to engineering systems without destroying the building structures.

3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of construction, namely to structures and buildings of residential individual design or buildings for business purposes.

The following solutions are known from the prior art.

It is known a residential building with a roof having an internal drain formed by inclined reinforced concrete slabs with downward facing slabs, between which a tray is located, while the roof is made with drainage gutters located under the edges of adjacent slabs and connected to the trays, and the gutters are installed under the slabs with a gap, filled with sealant (AS USSR No. 574511, published 09/30/1977).

It is also known a residential building containing a foundation, external walls, bearing internal walls, a basement, a roof, a staircase-elevator node, a block of sections, doors, windows, sanitary equipment and engineering communications, while all engineering communications (vertical) are located in the channels adjacent to the stairwells (RF patent No. 37131, published on 10.04.2004).

The closest analogue of the patented solution is a residential building containing floors, non-bearing walls, limiting the perimeter of the ceiling, and a bearing vertical channel element that limits the perimeter of the ceiling and has a vertical covering wall made with the possibility of partial opening to provide access to the inside of the specified element, while the specified at least one supporting vertical channel element is connected to the overlap to form a supporting grid, and insulated objects such as sewer pipes, water pipes, air removal means and communication lines are located inside the channel element (RF patent No. 2677504, published on 01/17/2019).

The technical problem solved by the proposed invention is to expand the arsenal of technical means that provide prompt and low-cost maintenance of residential individual buildings.

The technical result is the creation of an individual residential building or a business building and a central-axial open location of engineering communications with an internal drain in the central canal, separating engineering communications from the rest of the building with the possibility of bringing these systems to city-wide communications and external sources and the possibility of prompt access to engineering communications. systems without destruction of house structures (walls, floors).

The claimed technical result is achieved due to the design of a residential building containing walls, a roof and a vertically oriented channel located along the central axis of the building, in which engineering communication systems are installed independently of each other, including an air conditioning system, exhaust ventilation, a system built-in and distributed in horizontal surfaces heating and hot water supply, as well as a drainage system, including drainage from the roof, while each of the systems has its own channel branch, which is interfaced with the roof, made with a slope towards the interface area, with the provision of the possibility of water collected from the roof surface into the system water supply, while in the lower part the channel communicates with a horizontal channel leading to external communication systems.

In the particular case of the invention, the roof slope, depending on climatic conditions, is from 5 ° to 60 °.

In a particular case of the invention, access to engineering systems is made in the form of an entrance to a vertical channel, the size of which is sufficient for servicing these engineering systems.

The possibility of supplying house engineering systems is carried out through a horizontal channel communicating with a vertical central channel, in which air conditioning and exhaust ventilation, heating and hot water supply, as well as drainage and sewerage systems are installed. The horizontal channel, which communicates with the vertical channel, runs under the floor slab and goes outside the building. The arrangement of these systems in one channel, while being isolated from each other by individual pipes and casings, makes it easy to replace or repair the required system through the entrance made in the central channel. Thus, there is no need to open or destroy walls / ceilings / floors during routine maintenance or modifications.

The solution is further explained by referring to the figures, which show the following.

FIG. 1 is a general schematic view of a residential building.

FIG. 2 is a diagram of the layout and distribution of engineering systems.

FIG. 3 - layout diagram of the heating system.

FIG. 4 - layout diagram of the drainage and sewerage system.

FIG. 5 is a layout diagram of the ventilation system.

FIG. 6 is a layout diagram of the air conditioning system.

FIG. 7 is a diagram of the output of house communications for connection to external systems.

A residential individual building is made with a central axial open location of utilities and contains walls (not shown in the drawings), a roof 1 having a concave configuration due to slopes 2 on four sides, with the formation of a drain for rainwater, a vertically oriented channel 3, coupled with the roof and passing through the openings of the floor slabs 4 and 5 and communicating with the horizontal channel 6 extending under the floor slab 4 of the first floor.

Channel 3 is located along the central axis of the building and independently from each other, engineering communications systems are installed in it, including a heating and hot water supply system 7, built-in and distributed in horizontal surfaces 8, as well as a drainage and sewerage system 9, including drainage from the roof, exhaust ventilation 10 and air conditioning system 11.

The heating and hot water supply system includes a pipe in a casing, vertically installed inside channel 3, connected to heating elements, for example, water heating elements or a water heat-insulated floor, including a tubular heating element located directly in the floor screed, from which hot water flows through the pipe and distributed along its own branch in horizontal surfaces 8. The uniform distribution of heating pipes over the surface of the floor slab of the first floor 4 ensures uniform heating of the entire interior space of a residential building. The smoke outlet in the case of using a fireplace, or air, both with natural and forced ventilation, which is necessary when using gas equipment, is also located above the roof in the area of the duct and roof interface.

The drainage and sewerage system 9 includes a drain 13 from the roof, formed by slopes 2, which is a gutter from which the collected water flows into the drainage and sewerage system pipe 9, through which the water flows down into the branch of the system 9, passing through the horizontal channel 6 going out buildings and has access to the city sewage system, or to the irrigation system for agricultural needs.

The ventilation system includes a pipe installed in channel 3, with branches 10 passing, for example, under a stretch ceiling with ventilation grilles at the ends, as well as with a deflector 14 extending out through the roof in the area where the roof joins with channel 3.

The air conditioning system includes one outdoor unit 16 and a common route 11 with a supply to the indoor air conditioning units through the distribution hub 15. The supply of cold (or heat) from the pump of the outdoor unit 16 to the common route 11 is carried out through the horizontal channel 6.

In addition to the supply / discharge of the above systems, the horizontal channel 6 also accommodates the supply of other communications, for example, gas, cold water, etc.

The slab of the upper floor 5 has an opening for placing stairs from the first to the second floor, due to which the first and second floors have a common space, which provides the possibility of heating the entire building from the heating system distributed in the horizontal surfaces of the first floor, as well as creating a favorable microclimate due to distribution of air flows from the air conditioning system and elimination of exhaust air from the entire building through the ventilation system, the inlet openings of the branches of which are located in the upper part of the second floor.

If the number of floors is more than two, then the listed systems are located on each floor, in a similar way they are mated by axial communications located in the central channel. If necessary, the number of active air conditioning, heating and ventilation units can be increased to ensure a favorable microclimate throughout the room.

Partially open channel 3 provides free access for maintenance or replacement of part of the engineering systems located in it. Access is through an entrance, the dimensions of which are sufficient for access to the specified systems, the location of the entrance can be from any floor. The entrance can be disguised with the same finishing materials that were used to decorate the interior walls of the building. If the house is small, for example, two-story, there may be a service ladder in the canal.

Claims (3)

1. A building containing walls, a roof and a vertically oriented channel located along the central axis of the building, in which engineering communications are installed independently of each other, including an air conditioning system, exhaust ventilation, a heating and hot water supply system built-in and distributed in horizontal surfaces, and also a drainage system, including drainage from the roof, while each of the systems has its own channel branch, which is interfaced with the roof, made with a slope towards the interface area, with the possibility of water collected from the roof surface entering the drainage system, while in the lower part of the channel communicates with a horizontal channel leading to external communication systems. 2. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the slope of the roof, depending on climatic conditions, is from 5 ° to 60 °. 3. The building according to claim 1, characterized in that the access to the engineering systems is made in the form of an entrance to a vertical channel, the size of which is sufficient for servicing said engineering systems.

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