RU2751602C1 - System of measures to combat endo- and exogenous stages of coccidia of broiler chickens with the floor technology of their maintenance - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary parasitology.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to the field of veterinary parasitology, it can be used in poultry farms for the cultivation of broilers for the prevention of coccidiosis of birds. The method for combating endo- and exogenous stages of coccidia of broiler chickens with floor technology of their maintenance provides for the treatment of environmental objects before settling chickens with a complex agent at a dose of 0.5 l per m² at an exposure of 2 hours, containing as initial components (wt.%): glutaraldehyde - 4; 2-phenylphenol - 6.5; 4-chloro-3-methylphenyl - 5; isopropanol - 16; lactic acid - 3; surfactants - 18; water up to 100. The joint administration of the feed coccidiostatic of 12% salinomycin at a dose of 500 g per ton of feed during the growing period and the coccidiostatic of 2.5% toltrazuril with drinking water from 8-10 days of life at a dose of 1 liter of the drug per 1 ton of water is used.

EFFECT: proposed method for controlling endo- and exogenous stages of coccidia of broiler chickens with the floor technology of their maintenance is safe for humans, animals and birds, does not have a damaging effect on the technological equipment of poultry houses, is effective against resistant endogenous stages of coccidia, increases the survival and productivity of poultry.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of veterinary parasitology and can be used in poultry farms of industrial type for diseases of broiler chickens with coccidiosis.

It should be noted that in our country, in terms of production growth among various branches of animal husbandry, poultry farming takes a worthy first place. Taking into account global trends in the development of the industry, production technology has changed in poultry farming in recent years, primarily in broiler production. A few decades ago, all broiler and egg production in our country was focused on the cage keeping of poultry, but now more than 60% of young poultry meat practice outdoor keeping.

The conducted research has established the influence of bird keeping technology on the epizootic state of the economy. It has been proven that every poultry farm that practices floor keeping of birds is unfavorable for parasitic diseases and, most often, coccidiosis. According to the literature, nine types of Eimeria (Eimeria spp.) Are parasitized in the intestines of young chickens, and among the most common and pathogenic are: E. tenella, E. necatrix, E. maxima, E. acervulina, E. brunetti. A feature of this invasion is that in the conditions of poultry farms, young birds often have a mixed invasion due to the parasitization of several types of eimeria at the same time (1-5).

Aymeriosis most often and seriously ill chickens from 10 to 30 days of age, sometimes even older. A bird sick with eimeriosis and a sick bird is the source of this infestation. In dysfunctional poultry farms, the transmission of infestation occurs through litter, feeders, feed, water and equipment contaminated with sporulated oocysts. Synanthropic birds, rodents, insects: flies, cockroaches, crickets, as well as service personnel - on shoes, clothing and bird care items - often become mechanical carriers of eimeria oocysts. Various violations of the technology of rearing young animals contribute to the widespread spread of eimeriosis among chickens: high humidity and litter, crowded poultry in the premises, inadequate feeding, contact between chickens and poultry of older age groups and violations of veterinary and sanitary rules.

In addition, bird coccidial oocysts are very stable in the external environment and even in areas with rainy summers and cold winters, eimerian oocysts are able to remain viable for more than a year.

To achieve sustainable results in the fight against avian coccidiosis, scientists and practitioners have proposed a large number of drugs against both endogenous and exogenous stages. In addition, coccidia have the ability to "get used" to drugs used without a system. The problem of poultry coccidiosis continues to pose challenges for researchers, namely, to improve measures to combat infestation and to develop a comprehensive program to combat endo- and exogenous stages of coccidia in broiler chickens using floor technology for keeping them.

Of the modern means that are used against the exogenous stages of coccidia, the following are known: 4% sodium hydroxide solution, which must have a temperature of at least 80 ° C; 7% ammonia solution; 2% orthochlorophenol emulsion; 10% solution of iodine monochloride, however, the effectiveness of the aforementioned agents does not suit the needs of the poultry industry on an industrial basis, when combined agents are needed, consisting of several active components and excipients.

Among these, it is appropriate to consider a complex agent, which in its composition contains as active substances: glutaraldehyde, 2-phenylphenol, 4-chloro-3-methylphenyl, isopropanol, lactic acid and auxiliary substances, when used together in optimal concentrations.

The first four of the substances noted, glutaraldehyde, 2-phenylphenol, 4-chloro-3-methylphenyl, isopropanol, are known to be highly effective external disinfectants. The next substance that is part of the agent in question, lactic acid, is an antiseptic and has an effect on the membrane of coccidial oocysts, facilitates the access of active substances (AD). The substances noted above, when used together against oocysts of bird coccidia, have a synergistic effect on biological objects, and the auxiliary components used - surfactants, provide cleaning of the floor, walls and technological equipment from biocontamination and evenly distribute DI over the surface, ensuring high efficiency.

The task of our research was to develop a system of measures to combat the endo- and exogenous stages of coccidia of broiler chickens with the floor technology of keeping with available means suitable for use both manually and mechanically, without damaging the processed technological equipment.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that as a remedy against exogenous stages of coccidia of birds for disinfestation of poultry houses, we used a complex product compiled by us, having the following composition: glutaraldehyde - 4%; 2-phenylphenol - 6.5%; 4-chloro-3-methylphenyl - 5%; isopropanol - 16%, lactic acid - 3%, auxiliary components - surfactants - 18%, water up to 100%.

Against the endogenous stages of coccidia in poultry houses, from the moment of self-consumption of feed, broiler chickens received a 12% ionophore feed antibiotic daily with feed at a dose of 500 g / ton of feed, which was excluded from the feed five days before slaughter. The mechanism of action of salinomycin consists in the formation of lipophilic complexes with alkaline mono- and divalent cations, as well as the ability to transport them through the cell wall of coccidia. As a result, the osmotic balance is disturbed and the parasite dies.

Taking into account the special resistance of the endogenous stages of coccidia to the drugs used against the background of the use of the ionophore fodder coccidiostatic salinomycin, we went to the combined appointment of the entire livestock of broilers in the poultry house at the age of eight to 10 days with drinking water in the recommended dose of coccidiocide toltrazuril 2.5% in a dose at the rate of one liter of the drug per 1000 liters of water for 72 hours continuously.

It should be noted that 2.5% toltrazuril included in the comprehensive program has a coccidicidal effect in relation to all intracellular stages of the development cycle of eimeria. In schizonts of the first and second generations, changes in intracellular structures, multiple cytoplasmic vacuoles and incomplete merogony are observed. Merozoites have the same changes. Micro- and macrogametocysts are swollen and completely lose their intracellular structures. Despite the coccidicidal effect of 2.5% toltrazuril, it does not interfere with the development of immunity. Free forms of the parasite in the intestinal lumen, on which the drug does not act, stimulate immunity, in addition, toltrazuril 2.5% enhances the formation of immunity to coccidiosis, which is associated with the destruction of intracellular forms of development of coccidia, which are antigens. Coccidia, destroyed at the intracellular level, strongly stimulate the immune system. In addition, the proposed therapy with toltrazuril 2.5% increases the time interval for the development of adaptation of coccidia to the applied feed coccidiostatics, reduces the level of already acquired resistance and is aimed at increasing production indicators. From the sources of information available to the applicant, the specified set of existing features that make it possible to obtain the specified technical result is not known, therefore the claimed invention corresponds to the conditionally patentability "novelty".

The applicant is not aware of the means of a similar purpose, in which the distinctive features of the claimed invention were disclosed with obtaining from its use in any set of features of the specified technical result. Consequently, the claimed invention corresponds to the conditionally patentability "inventive step".

Proofs of industrial applicability of the claimed are given in the following examples.

Example 1. Preparation of working solutions, cultivation of a culture of bird coccidia oocysts and carrying out a lysis test with different concentrations of a disinfestation agent

Research on this problem was carried out in the laboratory of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plants named after K.I. Scriabin "(" VNIIP ") - a branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution FSC VIEW RAS (Moscow).

Working solution with different concentrations of combined disinfectant. the funds were prepared in the following sequence. 600 ml of distilled water was poured into the prepared four glass flasks per liter, and 30 were added to the first three of them; 40 and 50 ml of the product were thoroughly mixed for five minutes, the volume was brought to one liter. Stir again for five minutes and the solution was ready to use. In the fourth flask, 40 g of crystalline phenol was added to 600 ml of water, stirred, the volume was brought to one liter, stirred again, allowed to settle and the solution was ready for use.

Preparation of oocyst culture Eimeria spp.

Feces of spontaneously infected Eimeria broilers of three to four weeks of age with the floor technology of keeping them in a poultry farm were used to collect oocysts. The material obtained from infected broilers was examined by the Fülleborn flotation method. Using a parasitological loop, the surface film was removed from fecal samples from infected broilers and collected in a Petri dish with water, oocysts were washed three times from salt, their number was counted in one drop, then in one milliliter, a preservative was added - a 2% solution of potassium dichromate and used in further work during their cultivation in laboratory conditions at a temperature of + 24 ° C. The cultivation process took place for five days, aeration was carried out daily, and from the third day the oocyst culture was examined and evaluated under a microscope. Five days after cultivation, the final assessment was carried out, the percentage of sporulation was determined, which was 96.0%. A buffer was used to dilute the finished culture. When preparing the SWH buffer, 17.5 ml of a 10% solution of calcium chloride and five ml of a 10% solution of magnesium sulfate were added to 3300 ml of distilled water, autoclaved for 15 minutes at 120 ° C, the pH of the solution was determined using an Aquilon -410 ".

To carry out the lysis test, the prepared disinfection agents (3; 4 and 5% solutions of the agent and 4% phenol) and the WSH buffer were separately placed 50 ml in 250 ml Erlenmeyer flasks and added 50 ml of a solution with coccidia oocysts to concentration of 2000 oocysts / ml. Then these flasks were placed on a vibrating table with a rotation speed of 100 rpm for two hours. After the time elapsed, the contents from the flask were poured into a plastic bottle with a screw cap with a volume of 1500 ml, the flask with the remaining solution was rinsed several times and poured into a plastic bottle, and the volume was adjusted to 1500 ml with buffer. The bottle was then inverted several times (three times) and left at room temperature (20 ± 2 ° C) for 24 hours. Then the solution was poured out to the 30 ml mark, and the precipitate was poured into a new 100 ml container, the plastic bottle was rinsed several times using a buffer, bringing the volume to 50 ml.

Example 2. A bioassay for experimental infection of broiler chickens to determine the effectiveness of a means for disinfestation of poultry houses

The test of different concentrations of the disinfestation agent was carried out in the conditions of the experimental farm of the previously noted institute on 60 chickens of 14 days of age, free from coccidia and their feed did not contain anti-coccidia drugs. A Mac Master chamber and an MBS microscope were used to concentrate sporulated coccidial oocysts (2000 specimens / ml), and SWH buffer was used for dilution in such a way as to give each chick 1 ml of suspension. Experienced chickens were subjected to clinical examination, individual numbering, weighing and, according to the analogy principle, were divided into six groups of 10 chickens each.

Chickens from groups 1, 2 and 3 were given one ml of a suspension of eimeria oocysts treated with 3; 4 and 5% concentration des. means inside with a micropipette gradually. Chickens of the 4th group were given one ml of a suspension of eimeria oocysts treated with 4% phenol solution (basic agent). Chickens of the 5th group received one ml of a suspension containing 2000 oocysts / ml - infected control. Chickens of the 6th group received one ml of buffer solution and served as a "clean" control.

During the experiment, the chickens of all six groups were kept in similar conditions and had the same diet. They were monitored on a daily basis: their general condition, their behavior, food and water intake, and visible physiological changes.

To establish the release of eimerian oocysts in feces from chickens of each group, separately from the sixth to the 12th day, all droppings were collected daily, weighed, water was added to a weight of 2000 g, and mixed with a mixer for five minutes. For further studies, samples of 25 g were taken from each group, which were preserved with a 4% potassium dichromate solution, stirred until homogeneous, then transferred to plastic mini-containers with a screw cap and stored in a laboratory refrigerator at a temperature of + 4 ° C.

The presence of oocysts in feces was determined by the Fülleborn flotation method using a saturated sodium chloride solution with a density of 1.18 g / cm ³ , and the number of oocysts / g of feces was counted using a Mac Master chamber.

The effectiveness of different concentrations of the agent and 4% phenol concentration was determined based on the percentage of reduction in the release of eimeria oocysts after exposure to them with the marked concentrations of disinfectants, compared with chickens of the control group, which were given 2000 oocysts / ml.

Studies on the establishment of eimeria oocysts in the feces of experimental chickens collected from the sixth to the 12th day after the administration of suspensions treated with disinfestation showed that a certain amount of them was found in all groups, but it was different. So, in the study of experimental chickens of the first group, which were prescribed a suspension of oocysts, treated with a 3% concentration of des. means, oocysts in feces were found in all periods of research and the average indicator in one chamber for all periods of research was 1.9. The number of oocysts / g of litter in this group was 380 individuals, which is 7.69% of the control. Hence, the intensity of the agent in a 3% concentration des. funds or the percentage of reduction in the number of oocysts after exposure to the marked concentration of the agent was 92.31% (Table 1).

The results of studies of samples of manure from chickens of the 2nd and 3rd groups, which received a suspension of oocysts treated with 4 and 5% concentration of the complex agent, respectively, showed that the average number of oocysts in one chamber was 1.4 and 1.22. The number of oocysts / g of litter in these groups was 280 and 244, which is 5.67 and 4.94% of the control. Intensity in 4% concentration against eimeria oocysts was 94.33%, and in 5% concentration - 95.06%.

In the fourth group of chickens, after administration of a suspension of oocysts treated with 4% phenol concentration, the average value in one chamber was 6.9, and the number of oocysts / g of droppings was 1380, which is 27.93% of the control. The intensity of phenol at 4% concentration against eimeria oocysts was 72.1%.

Chickens of the fifth group, receiving 2000 sporulated oocysts / ml, during all periods of the study, with droppings, eimeria oocysts were isolated and the average index in one chamber for the period of the study was 24.7 specimens. The number of oocysts / g of droppings in the group of infected control was 4940 specimens. and this indicator was used as a baseline when calculating the percentage of reduction in the number of oocysts when testing different concentrations of disinfectants.

The chickens of the sixth group, which received the buffer without oocysts, remained free from eimeria at all stages of the study.

When determining the intensity of the tested disinfestation agents, the following formula was used:

where IE is the intensity of des. funds, %,

COC - the number of oocysts in chickens of the control group, ind.,

COD - the number of oocysts in chickens that received oocysts treated with a disinfestation agent, ind.

Using the data obtained by us in the experiment, we determined the intensity of the disinfestation agent in a 3% concentration:

At concentrations of 4 and 5%, the agent showed 94.33 and 95.06% intensity against oocysts of eimeria, respectively.

The intensity of the 4% phenol we used as a basic agent was 72.1%.

Intensity of complex disin. means in different concentrations against oocysts of coccidia birds ranged from 92.31 to 95.06%. Proceeding from the fact that the effectiveness of des. funds in 4 and 5% concentration for this indicator practically did not differ (94.33 and 95.06%, respectively) for the treatment of poultry houses in the period of preparation for settling with chickens, we recommend using it in 4% concentration.

Sources of information

1. Akbaev M.Sh., Vasilevich F.I., Akbaev R.M. and other Parasitology and invasive diseases of animals. - M., 2008 .-- 776 p.

2. Vershinin I.I. Coccidiosis of animals and their differential diagnosis. - Yekaterinburg, 1996 .-- 264 p.

3. Guidelines for the fight against eimeriosis isosporosis in animals. - M., 1994, RAAS. - 30 p.

4. Safiullin R.T., Zabashta A.P. Efficiency and economy of monlar, coccisan and eloncogran in case of eimeriosis of chickens // Proceedings of VIGIS. - M., 2002. - Vol. 38. - S. 30-35.

5. Cherepanov A.A. Methodical recommendations for testing disinvasion agents in veterinary medicine. - M., 1999 .-- 16 p.

Claims (3)

A method of combating the endo- and exogenous stages of coccidia of broiler chickens with the floor technology of their maintenance, characterized by the fact that before settling in the chickens, environmental objects are treated with a complex agent at a dose of 0.5 l per m ² with an exposure of 2 hours, containing as initial components (wt.%): Glutaraldehyde 4 2-phenylphenol 6.5 4-chloro-3-methylphenyl five Isopropanol sixteen Lactic acid 3 Surfactants 18 Water up to 100 and use the joint appointment of a feed coccidiostatic salinomycin 12% at a dose of 500 g per ton of feed during the growing period and coccidiostatic toltrazuril 2.5% with drinking water from 8-10 days of life at a dose of 1 liter of the drug per 1 ton water.