RU2655752C1 - Method for preventing coccidiosis of broiler chickens when raising them for meat - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: veterinary.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to veterinary science, namely to method for preventing coccidiosis of broiler chickens when growing them for meat. Method includes rotary administration of coccidiostatics to the feed. As coccidiostats broiler chickens are supplemented with a composition consisting of Pharmkokcid-10, Diakoks and, separately, Kokcisan 12 %. Moreover, Pharmkokcid-10 and Diakoks in feed are added from 3–5 days of age for 30 days at doses of 1,250 and 500 g, respectively, per 1 ton of feed, then until the end of the growing period, Kokcisan 12 % is added to the feed at a dose of 500 g per 1 ton of feed, and the preparation is stopped for 5 days before slaughter.

EFFECT: use of invention will increase the average daily growth in the live weight of birds, the safety of livestock.

1 cl, 3 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of veterinary medicine and can be used for the prevention of coccidiosis of broiler chickens. Coccidiosis is a widespread disease in poultry. The cause of the disease is infection of birds with the simplest unicellular organisms of the genus Eimeria. Signs of coccidiosis are blood in the litter, hemorrhage, accumulation of blood in the cecum, weakness, and indigestion. Often the disease ends with the death of the animal. Poultry that have undergone coccidiosis, as a result of infection, significantly lose their consumer properties. Thus, due to the fact that coccidiosis leads to serious economic losses, the search for new and improved ways to prevent and treat this infection is very important.

To combat coccidiosis, a large number of different medications, feeds, herbal and other drugs were tested. More than 1000 chemical compounds with relatively high activity against coccidia are known, including nitrofuran series preparations, sulfonamides, antibiotics, derivatives of vitamin B, 3,5-dinitrobenzamide, dinitrocarbonylide, etc. [3].

At present, chemicals and ionophore antibiotics are considered relatively effective for controlling coccidiosis. To combat the endogenous stages of eimeria, chemopreventive agents are most used that inhibit or completely stop the formation of endogenous forms of coccidia in the bird's body. Such anti-coccidic drugs include ionophore coccidiostatics. These are substances that contain a polyester group and are produced by fermentation by certain strains of microorganisms of the genus Streptomyces and Actinomatura. These include coccidiostatics: sodium monensin, sodium lazalocide, ammonium maduramycin, narasin, sodium salinomycin, sodium semduramycin. Ionophore antibiotics have a coccidiostatic effect against extracellular non-sexual forms (sporozoites, merozoites) of the endogenous development of eimeria in poultry. Since the mechanism of action of ionophore antibiotics is practically the same, cross-resistance to these substances often occurs in coccidia [4]. The ionophores, despite their rather high anticoccidic efficacy, retain the cycle of some eimeria and this contribute to the development of immunity. This property, combined with a wide spectrum of action, including pathogenic bacteria that adversely affect the growth and conversion of feed, makes these drugs favorites in the fight against coccidiosis in broilers and repair young chickens. Another group of anti-eimeriotic drugs includes chemically synthesized drugs: decokvinat, robenidin hydrochloride, clopidol, toltrazuril, diclazuril, amprolium and its derivatives, zoalen and nicarbazine, diaveridine.

Chemicals act effectively against all types of eimeria, but their disadvantage is that the resistance of parasites to their action develops faster than to ionophores. Therefore, an uncontrolled increase in doses should be avoided when using chemical coccidiostatics, because this can lead to the occurrence of epizootics [1, 5].

All anti-coccidic drugs during use lose their effectiveness over time as a result of the emergence of parasite-resistant generations. The resistance of coccidia to some drugs is developed within a few weeks, the effectiveness of others is measured over the years, but sooner or later resistance to any coccidiostatic agent develops [2].

A disadvantage of the known methods is that the recommended course application of therapeutic and prophylactic doses does not prevent infection of the chickens in the intervals between the use of the preparations, which leads to the passivation of oocysts and the formation of resistant strains of eimeria to the drugs used.

The introduction of rotational programs in veterinary practice reduces the risk of resistance and prolongs the use of coccidiostatics [2].

According to [6], when growing broilers, depending on the technological conditions, these drugs are used in two programs: rotational and shuttle (the so-called “Shuttle” program). In a rotation scheme for 3-4 consecutive growing cycles, one preparation is used, then they are transferred to another. It is advisable to use up to 4 drugs in the program. With their alternation, it is allowed to replace the chemical coccidiostatics with another, with a different mechanism of action. It is not recommended only to change the ionophore to ionophore. The main disadvantage of the rotation program is the rapid adaptation of pathogens to the drug that is used, with the subsequent development of long-term resistance to its action. In the Shuttle program, 2 preparations are used in one broiler growing cycle: one - up to 27-30 days of age (usually a chemical preparation), the other - until the completion of feeding (ionophore antibiotic).

Known drug containing pharmacocide, additionally introduced zeolites, with the content of pharmacocide not less than 10% [3]. The disadvantage of this drug is its low effectiveness with prolonged use for the prevention of coccidiosis of broiler chickens due to the appearance of coccidiostatic-resistant strains of eimeria, which does not allow prolonging the time of use as an anticoccidic drug.

The aim of the invention is to obtain a composition of coccidia funds with high prophylactic effectiveness by increasing the safety of birds, increasing their average daily weight gain, minimizing the appearance of coccidiostatic-resistant strains of eimeria, as well as reducing the risk of resistance and prolonging the use of a highly effective anticoccidic agent.

The problem is solved in that in the method for the prevention of coccidiosis of broiler chickens when growing them for meat, the rotational introduction of a composition of anticoccidia agents to them in feed, consisting of pharmacococide 10, diacox and separately coccisan, 12%, is included. According to the invention, as a coccidiostatics to broiler chickens, a composition of anticoccidia drugs is added to the feed, consisting of pharmacocide 10 and diacox from 3-5 days of age, for 30 days, in doses of 1250 g and 500 g, respectively, per 1 ton of feed, then from 33-35 daytime and until the end of the growing period, coccisanum 12% is added to the feed at a dose of 500 g per 1 ton of feed. At the same time, 5 days before slaughter, the cessation of the drug is stopped.

Example. To identify prophylactic efficacy in a comparative aspect with pharmacocide 10, diacox and coccisan 12, the experiment was performed on 16,000 broilers 3-5 days old, kept in one typical house divided into 2 halves of 8000 heads each.

According to the scheme, an experimental group of broiler chickens from 3-5 days old in the first half of the house received pharmacocid 10 and diacox in doses of 1,250 g and 500 g per ton of feed, respectively. Both drugs, before adding to the feed, were thoroughly mixed. From 33-35 days of age until the end of the growing period, coccisane 12% was added to the feed at a dose of 500 g per 1 ton of feed. The control group of broiler chickens is a pharmacocid 10 preparation at the rate of 1250 g per 1 ton of feed until the end of the growing period (Table 1). 5 days before the end of the growing period, broiler chickens were discontinued. Tests of drugs were carried out in 6 cycles of broiler chickens in a row in the same house.

As a result of prolonged use of drugs of pharmacocide, diacox and coccisan for prophylactic purposes in the comparative study, the following results were obtained.

The results of the experiment are presented in table 2.

After the use of pharmacocide, diacox and coccisan in preventive doses to broiler chickens in three cycles of their cultivation, the mortality rate was almost at the same level until the 4th cycle of their growth, respectively, up to 320 and 280 heads per day, 4 and 3.5% (Table 2 )

When opening the dead broiler chickens of the control and experimental groups, changes in the internal organs and intestines characteristic of coccidiosis were not found.

The average daily gain of broiler chickens for the growing period (54 days) of the control and experimental groups was 50 and 52 g, respectively, feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight gain was 2.1 and 2.0 kg. The safety of broiler chickens was 96 and 96.5%, respectively.

In the fourth cycle of their growing in broilers of the control group, the percentage of mortality was higher, compared with the experimental group, by 2.7%. When opening the dead broiler chickens in the blind processes of the intestine, lesions inherent in coccidiosis were found (Table 3).

When examining smears by Darling's method in 200 samples in blind processes on average in one field of view, 10.30 ± 0.90 oocysts were found in chickens - broilers in the control experimental group. The number of oocysts in 20 samples of litter, on average, 1-2 oocytes were found in one field of view, which confirms the increased resistance of certain types of coccidia to pharmacococide 10 with prolonged use.

The average daily gain of broiler chickens during the growing period (54 days) of the control and experimental groups was 48 and 50 g, respectively, feed consumption per 1 kg of live weight gain was 2.2 and 2.0 kg. In this case, the safety of broiler chickens during the growing period was 93.3 and 96%, respectively. The effectiveness of prevention was 94.0 and 100%, respectively.

Thus, the combined use of pharmacococide 10, diacox, and separately coccisan 12% was more effective than pharmacococide 10 with prolonged use for the prevention of coccidiosis of broiler chickens. Consequently, the resistance of coccidia to pharmacococide 10 is produced faster than with the combined use of pharmacococide 10, diacox and separately coccisanum 12%. The combined use of the proposed preparations of pharmacocide 10, diacox and separately coccisanum 12%: prevents losses from bird coccidiosis by 100%; does not adversely affect the production of immunity; has a prolonged effect; increases average daily gain in live weight by 4%; safety by 96%; there is no resistance to them coccidia with prolonged use.

Literature

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that

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Claims (1)

A method for the prevention of coccidiosis of broiler chickens when growing them for meat, comprising rotationally introducing coccidiostatics into the feed, characterized in that as a coccidiostatics to broiler chickens, a composition consisting of pharmacococide 10, diacox and, separately, coccisan 12% is added to the feed, Pharmococcid 10 and diacox are added to the feed from 3-5 days of age over 30 days in doses of 1250 and 500 g, respectively, per 1 ton of feed, then until the end of the growing period, coccisan 12% is added to the feed at a dose of 500 g per 1 ton of feed, at the same time 5 days before slaughter They preserve the cottage of the drug.